Question 1

According to the text,hypotheses related to differences in population means if the population variance is unknown can be tested using the ________.
A) F distribution
B) p distribution
C) t distribution
D) z distribution
E) chi-square distribution

Accepted Answer

Hypotheses related to differences in population means when the population variance is unknown can be tested using the t distribution. This is because the t distribution is specifically designed for small sample sizes and for situations where the population variance is unknown. The F distribution is used for testing differences in population variances, the z distribution is used for testing differences in population means when the population variance is known, and the chi-square distribution is used for testing independence and goodness of fit. The p distribution does not exist.

Question 2

In many marketing research applications,the observations for two groups are not selected from independent samples.Rather,the observations relate to ________ in that the two sets of observations relate to the same respondents.
A) distributed samples
B) independent samples
C) paired samples
D) random samples
E) divergent samples

Accepted Answer

Paired samples refer to situations where the two sets of observations are related to the same respondents or experimental units, such as pre- and post-test measurements, or observations on a control group and a treatment group. This allows for more precise comparisons and reduces the influence of extraneous variables, making it a common approach in marketing research.

Question 3

The two sets of degrees of freedom in which the F distribution depends on are the degrees of freedom in the ________ and the degrees of freedom in the ________.
A) sample; questionnaire
B) numerator; denominator
C) variance; standard deviation
D) t-test; F-test
E) matrix; contingency table

Accepted Answer

The F distribution depends on the degrees of freedom in the numerator and the denominator. These degrees of freedom are determined by the sample size and the number of groups being compared in the analysis. The numerator degrees of freedom reflect the variation between groups, while the denominator degrees of freedom reflect the variation within groups.

Question 4

A statistic summarizing the strength of association between two metric variables is called the ________.
A) product moment correlation
B) covariance correlation
C) inverse correlation
D) bivariate correlation
E) F-statistic

Accepted Answer

A product moment correlation is a statistic that measures the strength of association between two metric variables. Option B, covariance correlation, is not a valid term. Option C, inverse correlation, is not a specific term but only describes the direction of the correlation, not the strength. Option D, bivariate correlation, is a synonym for product moment correlation. Option E, F-statistic, is not a measure of correlation, but rather a statistic used for hypothesis testing in ANOVA.

Question 5

The product moment correlation is also referred to as all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) simple correlation
B) bivariate correlation
C) correlation coefficient
D) Pearson correlation
E) F-statistic

Accepted Answer

The product moment correlation is not referred to as the F-statistic. The other options are all valid names for this type of correlation.

Question 6

Which of the following statistics indicates the degree to which the variation in one variable,X,is related to the variation in another variable,Y?
A) covariance correlation
B) inverse correlation
C) product moment correlation
D) multiple regression
E) F-statistic

Accepted Answer

The product moment correlation (also known as Pearson correlation coefficient) measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables. It ranges from -1 (perfect negative correlation) to +1 (perfect positive correlation), with 0 indicating no correlation. Covariance measures the variability between two variables, but does not tell us about the strength of the relationship or the direction of the relationship. Inverse correlation is not a valid statistical term. Multiple regression models the relationship between several independent variables and a dependent variable, while F-statistic tests the overall significance of a multiple regression model.

Question 7

A test for differences in the means of paired samples is called the ________.
A) paired samples t-test
B) paired samples F-test
C) paired samples p-test
D) paired samples z-test
E) paired samples ratio test

Accepted Answer

The paired samples t-test is specifically designed to compare means of paired data, making it the most appropriate choice out of the given options. The other options (F-test, p-test, z-test, and ratio test) are not relevant or do not exist.

Question 8

________ is a statistical procedure for analyzing associative relationships between a metric dependent variable and one or more independent variables.
A) Regression analysis
B) Covariance analysis
C) Deviation analysis
D) Correlation analysis
E) Functional linear analysis

Accepted Answer

Regression analysis is specifically designed for analyzing the relationships between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. Covariance analysis and deviation analysis can also be used for analyzing relationships between variables, but they are not specifically designed for metric dependent variables. Correlation analysis is a method for measuring the strength of the relationship between two or more variables, but it does not directly analyze the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. Functional linear analysis is a method for analyzing linear relationships between variables, but it is not specifically designed for metric dependent variables.

Question 9

________ may be desirable because it is easier to compare the beta coefficients than it is to compare the raw coefficients.
A) Covariance
B) Standardization
C) Correlation
D) Regression
E) Analysis of variance

Accepted Answer

Standardization involves transforming raw data into standardized scores, which have a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. This allows for easier comparison of the beta coefficients (which are standardized regression coefficients) between different variables, as the coefficients are on the same scale.

Question 10

The term used to denote the standardized regression coefficient is called the ________.
A) alpha coefficient
B) beta coefficient
C) gamma coefficient
D) theta coefficient
E) pi coefficient

Accepted Answer

The standardized regression coefficient is referred to as the beta coefficient.

Question 11

The ________ is the most widely used statistic that summarizes the strength and direction of association between two metric variables.
A) covariance correlation
B) product moment correlation
C) inverse correlation
D) bivariate correlation
E) F-statistic

Accepted Answer

The product moment correlation coefficient, also known as Pearson's correlation coefficient, is the most widely used statistic to summarize the strength and direction of association between two metric variables. It measures the degree of linear relationship between two variables and can range from -1 to +1, with a value of 0 indicating no correlation.

Question 12

According to the text,the beta coefficient is also called the ________.
A) beta factor
B) beta variable
C) beta element
D) beta weight
E) beta carotene

Accepted Answer

The text explicitly states that the beta coefficient is also called the "beta weight." None of the other answer choices are mentioned in the text as alternative names for the beta coefficient.

Question 13

The ________ coefficient is the slope obtained by the regression of y on x when the data are standardized.
A) random regression
B) standardized regression
C) bipolar regression
D) alternate regression
E) alpha

Accepted Answer

The standardized regression coefficient (also known as beta coefficient) is the slope obtained by the regression of y on x when the data are standardized.

Question 14

A frequency distribution that depends on two sets of degrees of freedom is called a(n)________.
A) p distribution
B) t distribution
C) F distribution
D) z distribution
E) chi-square distribution

Accepted Answer

An F distribution is a type of frequency distribution that depends on two sets of degrees of freedom. It is used in analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare the variability between two or more groups.

Question 15

A procedure for deriving a mathematical relationship,in the form of an equation,between a single metric dependent variable and a single metric independent variable is called ________.
A) univariate regression
B) bivariate regression
C) multivariate regression
D) parallel regression
E) pairwise regression

Accepted Answer

The answer of A procedure for deriving a mathematical relationship,in...

Question 16

A(n)________ of sample variance may be performed if it is not known whether the two populations have equal variance.
A) p-test
B) F-test
C) t-test
D) z-test
E) chi-square test

Accepted Answer

The F-test is used to compare the variances of two populations when it is not known whether they are equal. The p-test compares the proportions of two populations, the t-test compares the means of two populations, the z-test compares a sample mean to a population mean when the population standard deviation is known, and the chi-square test is used for testing independence between two variables. Therefore, the best choice for this scenario is the F-test.

Question 17

Examples of hypotheses related to paired samples include all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) shoppers consider brand name to be more important than price while purchasing fashion clothing
B) households spend more money on pizza than they do on hamburgers
C) the proportion of households who subscribe to a daily newspaper exceeds the proportion subscribing to magazines
D) the new service plan will be preferred by at least 70 percent of the customers
E) the proportion of a bank's customers who have a checking account exceeds the proportion who have a savings account

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examples of hypotheses related to paired samples...

Question 18

The ________ is computed as the ratio of two sample variances.
A) F statistic
B) p statistic
C) t statistic
D) z statistic
E) chi-square statistic

Accepted Answer

The F statistic is computed as the ratio of two sample variances, making it the correct answer. The other statistics listed do not involve the ratio of two sample variances.

Question 19

If the probability of F is greater than the significance level α,________ and ________ should be used.
A) H₀ is rejected; t based on "equal variances not assumed"
B) H₀ is not rejected; t based on "equal variances assumed"
C) H₀ is rejected; t based on "equal variances assumed"
D) H₀ is not rejected; t based on "equal variances not assumed"
E) H₁ is not rejected; t based on "equal variances not assumed"

Accepted Answer

If the probability of F is greater than the significance level α, it means that we fail to reject the null hypothesis H₀ about equal variances. In this case, we can use the t-test based on the assumption of equal variances (also known as the pooled t-test) to compare the means of two samples. Option B is the only choice that suggests using this approach. Options A, C, and D all call for rejecting H₀, which is not appropriate given the information provided. Option E mentions H₁, which is not directly relevant to the question.

Question 20

A systematic relationship between two variables in which a change in one implies a corresponding change in the other is called ________.
A) causation
B) analysis of variance
C) correlation
D) deviation
E) standard deviation

Accepted Answer

Correlation refers to the relationship between two variables where a change in one variable is associated with a change in the other variable. However, correlation does not necessarily imply causation, which is the direction and reason for the change. Therefore, option A is not correct. Options B, D, and E are not related to the definition of correlation.

Quiz 12: Data Analysis: Hypothesis Testing Related to Differences, correlation, and Regression

According to the text,hypotheses related to differences in population means if the population variance is unknown can be tested using the ________.

In many marketing research applications,the observations for two groups are not selected from independent samples.Rather,the observations relate to ________ in that the two sets of observations relate to the same respondents.

The two sets of degrees of freedom in which the F distribution depends on are the degrees of freedom in the and the degrees of freedom in the .

A statistic summarizing the strength of association between two metric variables is called the ________.

The product moment correlation is also referred to as all of the following EXCEPT ________.

Which of the following statistics indicates the degree to which the variation in one variable,X,is related to the variation in another variable,Y?

A test for differences in the means of paired samples is called the ________.

________ is a statistical procedure for analyzing associative relationships between a metric dependent variable and one or more independent variables.

________ may be desirable because it is easier to compare the beta coefficients than it is to compare the raw coefficients.

The term used to denote the standardized regression coefficient is called the ________.

The ________ is the most widely used statistic that summarizes the strength and direction of association between two metric variables.

According to the text,the beta coefficient is also called the ________.

The ________ coefficient is the slope obtained by the regression of y on x when the data are standardized.

A frequency distribution that depends on two sets of degrees of freedom is called a(n) ________.

A procedure for deriving a mathematical relationship,in the form of an equation,between a single metric dependent variable and a single metric independent variable is called ________.

A(n) ________ of sample variance may be performed if it is not known whether the two populations have equal variance.

Examples of hypotheses related to paired samples include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

The ________ is computed as the ratio of two sample variances.

If the probability of F is greater than the significance level α, and should be used.

A systematic relationship between two variables in which a change in one implies a corresponding change in the other is called ________.