Question 1

Atkinson and Shiffrin developed the levels of processing framework of memory.

Accepted Answer

The Levels of Processing framework was developed by Craik and Lockhart, not Atkinson and Shiffrin. Atkinson and Shiffrin are known for the Multi-Store Model of memory.

Question 2

When Braden types data into a spreadsheet he will save on his laptop's hard drive, his action is analogous to the memory process of encoding.

Accepted Answer

Encoding refers to the process of taking in information and translating it into a form that can be stored in memory. When Braden types data into a spreadsheet and saves it on his laptop's hard drive, he is essentially encoding the information in a digital format that can be saved and retrieved later.

Question 3

Most people can hold about 10 to 12 items in short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

Most people can hold about 7 (plus or minus 2) items in short-term memory, according to Miller's Law.

Question 4

Short-term memory is the first stage in the information-processing model of memory.

Accepted Answer

The first stage in the information-processing model of memory is sensory memory, not short-term memory. Sensory memory is where information is held briefly before it is either discarded or passed on to short-term memory.

Question 5

Sensation is one of the three general processes of memory.

Accepted Answer

Sensation is not one of the three general processes of memory. The three general processes of memory are encoding, storage, and retrieval. Sensation is the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.

Question 6

Doing practice tests may improve memory for the material.

Accepted Answer

When you practice recalling information, you are exercising your brain's ability to retrieve that information, which can improve memory for the material. This is known as the testing effect.

Question 7

Paying attention allows one to move information from sensory memory to short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

Paying attention helps to transfer information from sensory memory to short-term memory by processing and encoding incoming information. Without attention, the information may not be properly stored or retrieved.

Question 8

The term "echoic memory" refers to auditory short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term "echoic memory" refers to auditory...

Question 9

Sensory memory has a large capacity.

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory has a relatively large capacity and can hold a large amount of sensory information for a short period of time.

Question 10

In George Sperling's procedure, whole report performance exceeded partial report performance.

Accepted Answer

In George Sperling's experiment, partial report performance exceeded whole report performance, demonstrating that people could briefly remember almost all items in a visual display but could only report a few before the memory faded.

Question 11

A vivid imagination is the secret to a good memory.

Accepted Answer

Having a vivid imagination can help with memory because it allows for the creation of mental images and associations, which can make information easier to remember and recall. Additionally, using creativity and imagination when learning can make the experience more engaging and memorable.

Question 12

Chunking information helps to expand the capacity of short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

Chunking is a memory technique that involves grouping information into smaller, more manageable units. By doing so, it aids in organizing information in a meaningful way, making it easier to remember and increasing the capacity of our short-term memory. Therefore, chunking information is an effective strategy to expand the capacity of short-term memory.

Question 13

Memory competitors are usually smarter than other people.

Accepted Answer

The ability to memorize information does not necessarily correlate with overall intelligence. Memory athletes may have developed specialized techniques and strategies for memory recall, but this does not necessarily make them smarter than others.

Question 14

When Alicia texts while driving, she doubles her chances of a crash or near-crash.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Alicia texts while driving, she doubles...

Question 15

Eidetic imagery is fairly common.

Accepted Answer

Eidetic imagery, also known as photographic memory, is actually quite rare and only present in a small percentage of the population.

Question 16

Storage is the first step in the memory process.

Accepted Answer

Storage is the second step in the memory process, after encoding. The third step is retrieval.

Question 17

Martina is reminded of the levels of processing framework when one of her professors tells the class, "You'll probably do better on the test if you put more effort into understanding what the chapter's trying to say in the first place."

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that deeper processing (effortful understanding) can lead to better performance on a test, which aligns with the levels of processing framework that states that deeper and more elaborative processing leads to better memory retention and recall.

Question 18

Suppose someone asks you, "On a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being 'all nature' and 10 being 'all nurture,' where would you put dementia?" Based on information provided in the text, the BEST answer probably is:
A)"definitely 1."
B)"probably a 2 or a 3."
C)"a 5, I guess."
D)"most certainly a 9 or 10."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose someone asks you, "On a scale...

Question 19

Echoic memory lasts longer than iconic memory.

Accepted Answer

Echoic memory refers to auditory sensory memory and has a duration of up to several seconds, while iconic memory refers to visual sensory memory and has a duration of up to a few hundred milliseconds. Therefore, echoic memory lasts longer than iconic memory.

Question 20

Both iconic and echoic memory are highly accurate.

Accepted Answer

Both iconic and echoic memory are sensory memory systems that can preserve information with a high degree of accuracy for a brief period of time. Iconic memory retains visual information, while echoic memory retains auditory information.

Quiz 6: Learning