Question 1

A sociologist studying the Canadian criminal code to demonstrate that longer sentences are given to people of lower class for the same crime would like hold a _______ view of the law.
A)Consensual
B)Social Power Perspective
C)Interactionist
D)Phenomenological
E)Relativist

Accepted Answer

The social power perspective focuses on how power and social inequality shape the law and criminal justice system. This includes how people from different socio-economic backgrounds are treated within the system. Therefore, the sociologist studying the Canadian criminal code with this aim would hold a social power perspective.

Question 2

Which view of law claims that criminal laws are created by the powerful to serve their own interests?
A)consensual
B)interactionist
C)power reflexive
D)postmodern
E)social power

Accepted Answer

The social power view suggests that laws are created by those in power to maintain and enhance their control, serving their own interests rather than reflecting a consensus or interactionist perspective.

Question 3

Which of the following concepts is located at the extreme "objective" end of the objective-subjective continuum?
A)concept of contextual constructionism
B)concept of an absolute moral order
C)concept of low-consensus deviance
D)concept of radical constructionism
E)concept of social power

Accepted Answer

The concept of an absolute moral order is located at the extreme "objective" end of the objective-subjective continuum because it implies that there is a universally true and objective moral code that exists independent of individual or cultural interpretations. This concept does not allow for subjective interpretation or contextual influences on moral beliefs, making it the most "objective" position on the continuum.

Question 4

While riding the subway,you look at a fellow passenger and immediately think,"Skinhead".Which part of the social typing process have you just engaged in?
A)evaluation
B)stigmatization
C)description
D)prescription
E)formal regulation

Accepted Answer

You have engaged in "description" by labeling or categorizing the person based on their appearance.

Question 5

Which of the following groups of moral entrepreneurs has the most overt power in modern state systems?
A)religious institutions
B)scientists
C)commercial enterprise
D)politicians
E)educational institutions

Accepted Answer

Politicians have the most overt power in modern state systems as they hold positions of authority and have the ability to enforce laws and regulations. They are able to promote and enact moral agendas through legislation and policy-making, making them the most influential group of moral entrepreneurs in modern societies. While other groups may have some influence, politicians hold the most direct and visible power.

Question 6

Proponents of which view of law would point out that middle class youth are less likely to be penalized for the same crimes than are youth of the lower class?
A)contractual
B)normative
C)consensual
D)conflict
E)non-egalitarian

Accepted Answer

The viewpoint being described here is that of conflict theory, which focuses on how the law and the criminal justice system serve the interests of those in power and often discriminate against disadvantaged groups. Conflict theorists would argue that the unequal treatment of middle class and lower class youth is a result of the middle class holding more power and influence, rather than a fair or impartial application of the law.

Question 7

Why does the textbook author suggest that contemporary analyses of deviance transcend the notion of an objective/subjective dichotomy?
A)many contemporary definitions of deviance combine both objective and subjective elements
B)over time, "objective" researchers have begun integrating more subjectivism into their analyses
C)over time, "subjective" researchers have begun integrating more objectivism into their analyses
D)the processes by which something is socially constructed as "deviant" frequently includes references to objectivist notions (e.g.statistical rarity; social harm)
E)contemporary analyses of deviance transcend the notion of an objective/subjective dichotomy for all of the reasons listed above

Accepted Answer

Contemporary analyses of deviance often integrate both objective and subjective elements, as researchers from both perspectives have begun incorporating aspects of the other into their analyses, and the social construction of deviance often involves objectivist notions.

Question 8

You see someone who is "obese" at the mall,and assume that she is unintelligent and is low in self-esteem,yet likely has a good sense of humour.Which step in the social typing process have you engaged in by making these assumptions?
A)evaluation
B)prescription
C)description
D)formal regulation
E)discrimination

Accepted Answer

The person has engaged in evaluation by making assumptions about the individual's intelligence and self-esteem based purely on their physical appearance.

Question 9

According to subjective definitions of deviance,serve as the foundation for determining who/what is "deviant".
A)high-consensus norms
B)low-consensus norms
C)dominant moral codes
D)social contracts
E)criminal laws

Accepted Answer

Subjective definitions of deviance are based on dominant moral codes, which are the prevailing beliefs and values in a society that determine what is considered deviant behavior.

Question 10

In present day Canadian society there are moral entrepreneurs who exert influence and power in the development and enforcement of society's moral codes.Which one seems to particularly influential,in that it acts as both a tool used by other moral entrepreneurs and as a moral entrepreneur itself?
A)educational institutions
B)religious institutions
C)scientists
D)media
E)commercial enterprise

Accepted Answer

The media acts as both a tool used by other moral entrepreneurs and as a moral entrepreneur itself. It has the power to shape public opinion and influence the development and enforcement of society's moral codes through its portrayal of certain values and behaviors. In addition, the media itself can be a moral entrepreneur by setting standards and guidelines for what is considered socially acceptable behavior in the industry.

Question 11

Which of the following statements supports the "absolutist" view of normative violation?
A)premarital sex is "deviant" in Saudi Arabia, but "normal" in Canada
B)all cultures prohibit incest between parent and child, therefore incest is "deviant"
C)taking a human life is "deviant", unless it is in self-defense
D)smoking marijuana was more "deviant" in the 1920s than it is today
E)same-sex marriage is legal throughout Canada, but not throughout the United States

Accepted Answer

The statement "all cultures prohibit incest between parent and child, therefore incest is 'deviant'" supports the idea that certain norms are absolute and universally applicable, regardless of cultural context. This is in line with an absolutist view of normative violation, which holds that certain behaviors are inherently morally wrong and not subject to relativistic justification.

Question 12

Azra arrives at school with a new haircut.As she walks down the hall,she hears people laughing and making comments about her hair.What type of regulation or social control has occurred?
A)retroactive
B)formal
C)preventative
D)informal
E)retroactive and informal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Azra arrives at school with a new...

Question 13

Which of the following approaches to social constructionism claims that "there is no essential reality to the social world at all"?
A)radical
B)soft
C)contextual
D)fundamentalist
E)ontological

Accepted Answer

The radical approach to social constructionism argues that reality is entirely created by social processes and there is no inherent reality to the social world.

Question 14

If you violate a folkway,other people will probably think you are
A)immoral
B)evil
C)criminal
D)odd
E)immoral or evil

Accepted Answer

If you violate a folkway, it means you have gone against a cultural norm that is not considered to be a serious offense. Therefore, people are likely to view you as odd or unusual but not necessarily immoral, evil, or criminal.

Question 15

The 	 view of law claims that society's powerful define the criminal law on behalf of interest groups in society.
A)interactionist
B)conflict
C)normative
D)consensual
E)social power

Accepted Answer

The answer of The 	 view of law claims that...

Question 16

What topics are more likely to be studied by researchers who lean toward the "objective" end of the objective-subjective continuum?
A)changing perceptions of masturbation
B)low-consensus forms of deviance
C)debates over how to best control the potential dangers associated with raves
D)the family backgrounds of illegal drug users
E)the role of power in determining which drugs are considered "illegal" in a particular society at a given point in time

Accepted Answer

Researchers who lean toward the "objective" end of the continuum focus on measurable, observable phenomena, such as the family backgrounds of illegal drug users, which can be studied using empirical methods.

Question 17

The principle of equality,which is a fundamental Canadian value,influences the social construction of deviance at which of the following levels?
A)interactionist level
B)institutional level
C)ethical level
D)sociocultural level
E)individual level

Accepted Answer

The answer of The principle of equality,which is a fundamental...

Question 18

Which component of the social typing process involves placing an individual into a specific category because of an observed or presumed characteristic?
A)evaluation
B)stigmatization
C)description
D)prescription
E)discrimination

Accepted Answer

Description is the component of the social typing process that involves placing an individual into a specific category because of an observed or presumed characteristic. It is the basic process of identifying and labeling people based on some visible or known traits. Evaluation, stigmatization, prescription, and discrimination are different components of social typing that may follow after the initial description.

Question 19

Galileo's claim that the sun did not go around the earth would be an example of which type of harm,according to the objectivist definition of deviance?
A)Physical Harm
B)Emotional Harm
C)Social Harm
D)Ideological Harm
E)Mental Harm

Accepted Answer

Galileo's claim challenged the prevailing geocentric ideology, thus causing ideological harm by contradicting established beliefs.

Question 20

According to the ________ view,there are specific norms and values that are universal and inherently right / wrong.
A)Absolutist
B)Relativist
C)Subjectivist
D)Objectivist
E)Both A and D

Accepted Answer

The absolutist and objectivist views both hold that there are universal norms and values that are inherently right or wrong, independent of individual beliefs or cultural differences.

Quiz 1: Introduction

A sociologist studying the Canadian criminal code to demonstrate that longer sentences are given to people of lower class for the same crime would like hold a _______ view of the law.

Which view of law claims that criminal laws are created by the powerful to serve their own interests?

Which of the following concepts is located at the extreme "objective" end of the objective-subjective continuum?

While riding the subway,you look at a fellow passenger and immediately think,"Skinhead".Which part of the social typing process have you just engaged in?

Which of the following groups of moral entrepreneurs has the most overt power in modern state systems?

Proponents of which view of law would point out that middle class youth are less likely to be penalized for the same crimes than are youth of the lower class?

Why does the textbook author suggest that contemporary analyses of deviance transcend the notion of an objective/subjective dichotomy?

You see someone who is "obese" at the mall,and assume that she is unintelligent and is low in self-esteem,yet likely has a good sense of humour.Which step in the social typing process have you engaged in by making these assumptions?

According to subjective definitions of deviance,serve as the foundation for determining who/what is "deviant".

In present day Canadian society there are moral entrepreneurs who exert influence and power in the development and enforcement of society's moral codes.Which one seems to particularly influential,in that it acts as both a tool used by other moral entrepreneurs and as a moral entrepreneur itself?

Which of the following statements supports the "absolutist" view of normative violation?

Azra arrives at school with a new haircut.As she walks down the hall,she hears people laughing and making comments about her hair.What type of regulation or social control has occurred?

Which of the following approaches to social constructionism claims that "there is no essential reality to the social world at all"?

If you violate a folkway,other people will probably think you are

The view of law claims that society's powerful define the criminal law on behalf of interest groups in society.

What topics are more likely to be studied by researchers who lean toward the "objective" end of the objective-subjective continuum?

The principle of equality,which is a fundamental Canadian value,influences the social construction of deviance at which of the following levels?

Which component of the social typing process involves placing an individual into a specific category because of an observed or presumed characteristic?

Galileo's claim that the sun did not go around the earth would be an example of which type of harm,according to the objectivist definition of deviance?

According to the ________ view,there are specific norms and values that are universal and inherently right / wrong.