Question 1

It is language (speech) that carries the concepts and cognitive structures to the child, and these concepts become the _____ that the child will use.

Accepted Answer

Language provides psychological tools that help children develop cognitive structures and concepts.

Question 2

As children grow older, their private speech is not out loud, but in their mind. This process is called

Accepted Answer

Internalization is the process by which children's private speech becomes internalized and becomes part of their inner thoughts.

Question 3

Children who use private speech _____ tend to be the ones who perform best in difficult tasks.

Accepted Answer

Children who use private speech the most often engage in self-guidance and self-regulation, which helps them perform better in challenging tasks.

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of private speech?

Accepted Answer

Private speech is used by individuals, especially children, to plan and guide their actions and problem-solving processes.

Question 5

The process whereby adults or more advanced peers introduce new concepts, knowledge, and skills to a child is called

Accepted Answer

Mediation refers to the process where adults or more knowledgeable peers help a child learn by introducing new concepts, knowledge, and skills.

Question 6

Sam is helping his younger brother put a puzzle together. He teaches him strategies such as matching colors and starting with the corners. The process Sam is using to teach his brother is called

Accepted Answer

Mediation involves guiding someone through a learning process by providing strategies and support, which is what Sam is doing by teaching his brother how to approach the puzzle.

Question 7

When a skilled teacher works with a child learning to read, the teacher typically highlights reading strategies such as sounding out the letters in a word. In Vygotsky's theory, this teaching process is

Accepted Answer

In Vygotsky's theory, mediation refers to the process by which a more knowledgeable other (such as a teacher) helps a learner understand and internalize new information or skills, often through the use of tools or strategies like sounding out letters.

Question 8

The key to making mediation effective is

Accepted Answer

The answer of The key to making mediation effective is
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Question 9

Vygotsky termed the distance between a learner's maximum independent performance and the tasks the learner can perform with assistance

Accepted Answer

The ZPD, or Zone of Proximal Development, is the term Vygotsky used to describe the gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance or assistance.

Question 10

You volunteer as a tutor with your college's community outreach program. Before you try to tutor the child assigned to you, Vygotsky would advise you to

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's theory emphasizes the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which is the range of tasks that a child can perform with the help and guidance of others but cannot yet perform independently. Understanding the child's ZPD helps in providing appropriate support and scaffolding.

Question 11

The bottom level of the ZPD is

Accepted Answer

The answer of The bottom level of the ZPD is
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Question 12

Six-year-old Seamus is learning addition and subtraction. No matter how much his mother explains it, Seamus does not understand division, however. Division would be at what part of Seamus' ZPD?

Accepted Answer

The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) refers to the range of tasks that a learner can perform with the help of a more knowledgeable other but cannot yet perform independently. Since Seamus does not understand division despite explanations, it is likely at the top of his ZPD, meaning he is close to understanding it with assistance.

Question 13

Tasks inside a child's ZPD require mental functions that the child has

Accepted Answer

The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) refers to tasks that a child can perform with guidance but not yet independently, indicating they have not yet completely internalized these mental functions.

Question 14

When children have effective mediation in learning a new skill,

Accepted Answer

Effective mediation helps children to extend their Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), allowing them to tackle more complex tasks with guidance.

Question 15

Which of the following, according to Vygotsky's theory, would be the most effective way to teach children?

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's theory emphasizes the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), where children learn best with tasks that are challenging but achievable with guidance and support from a more knowledgeable other.

Question 16

The most informative assessments are

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most informative assessments are
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Question 17

The support given to children as they learn a new skill is called

Accepted Answer

Scaffolding is the support given to children as they learn a new skill. It is a temporary structure that helps children to reach a higher level of understanding or skill.

Question 18

Ms. Miller is teaching Joseph to play the clarinet. At his first lesson, she places his finger in the proper position on the clarinet. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Scaffolding is a teaching method that involves providing support to a learner as they develop new skills, gradually removing the support as the learner becomes more proficient. Ms. Miller placing Joseph's finger in the proper position is an example of scaffolding.

Question 19

Children working together to help each other solve problems is called

Accepted Answer

Collaborative learning involves children working together to solve problems, share ideas, and learn from each other.

Question 20

An example of scaffolding is

Accepted Answer

Scaffolding involves providing support to a child in various ways, such as doing part of the task, simplifying difficult parts, and talking them through the task, to help them learn and complete tasks independently.

Quiz 8: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood