Question 1

Imagine you are one of the only people sitting in a Starbucks. As you sit at your table with your earphones in, laptop out, drinking your coffee, a random person comes in and sits at the table with you, even though there are plenty of other tables available. This person starts talking to you as if you were long-lost friends. In this scenario, social norms have been breached. This exemplifies __________.
A) dramaturgy
B) ethnomethodology
C) exchange theory
D) "push button" events

Accepted Answer

Ethnomethodology is the study of how people make sense of their everyday social interactions and the norms that guide them. In this scenario, the social norm of personal space and choosing an available table has been breached.

Question 2

If Ayanna lets Ricki borrow her chemistry notes when he is absent, Ayanna can expect that if she is absent from class in the future, Ricki will share his notes with her. This is an example of __________.
A) dramaturgy
B) ethnomethodology
C) exchange theory
D) situational context

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of exchange theory, which suggests that social behavior is the result of an exchange process to maximize benefits and minimize costs. Ayanna helps Ricki with the expectation that he will reciprocate in the future.

Question 3

Eli steps on his son Jaden's toy for the fourth time. In an outburst, he tells Jaden to throw the toy in the garbage. This reaction is disproportionate to the event and signals the frustration felt by Eli. This is also known as __________.
A) ethnomethodology
B) exchange theory
C) impression management
D) a "push button" event

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eli steps on his son Jaden's toy...

Question 4

Strangers standing in line at the supermarket and complaining about the lack of available cashiers is an example of a __________.
A) category
B) collection
C) group
D) primary group

Accepted Answer

A collection refers to people who are in the same place at the same time but do not necessarily interact or have a shared identity, like strangers in a supermarket line.

Question 5

People who share a similar status, such as all being employees, would best be described as a __________.
A) group
B) category
C) collection
D) network

Accepted Answer

A category refers to people who share a similar status or characteristic, such as being employees, but do not necessarily interact with each other.

Question 6

Which kind of group has the following characteristics: small in size, concerned about one another's well-being, and sharing a sense of "we-ness"?
A) collection
B) category
C) primary group
D) secondary group

Accepted Answer

A primary group is characterized by close, personal, and enduring relationships, where members are concerned about each other's well-being and share a strong sense of identity and belonging.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a primary group?
A) a high school basketball team
B) employees at a retail store
C) a local Girl Scouts organization
D) four friends who have known each other for almost 20 years

Accepted Answer

Primary groups are characterized by close, personal, and enduring relationships, such as those between long-term friends.

Question 8

Which statement about secondary groups is true?
A) Members of secondary groups share close, personal ties.
B) Secondary groups tend to be small in size.
C) Secondary groups are used to accomplish explicit goals.
D) Secondary groups are always long-term groups.

Accepted Answer

Secondary groups are typically larger and more impersonal than primary groups, and they are formed to achieve specific objectives or goals.

Question 9

A __________ is a group that has values, norms, and beliefs that serve as standards for a person's own behavior.
A) collection
B) primary group
C) secondary group
D) reference group

Accepted Answer

A reference group is a group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior.

Question 10

Jamar belongs to his university's Future Leaders of America group, where current events and political issues are discussed. He believes membership in the group will assist him in getting an internship with influential leaders in his city. For Jamar, the group serves as a __________.
A) reference group
B) primary group
C) oligarchy
D) collection

Accepted Answer

A reference group is a social group that an individual uses as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior. Jamar views the Future Leaders of America group as a means to achieve his career goals, thus using it as a reference group.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of group leaders?
A) They must always be formally designated.
B) They can consistently influence the behavior of group members.
C) They are only effective if they emerge informally out of group interaction.
D) They never influence the outcomes of the group.

Accepted Answer

Group leaders can consistently influence the behavior of group members through their leadership skills, decision-making, and ability to motivate and guide the group towards achieving its goals.

Question 12

A(n) ________ focuses on group solidarity, cohesion, and morale.
A) reference group
B) instrumental leader
C) expressive leader
D) authoritarian leader

Accepted Answer

An expressive leader focuses on maintaining group harmony, cohesion, and morale, emphasizing the emotional and relational aspects of group dynamics.

Question 13

Kameko is the manager of a local retail store. She closely watches sales projections, attends district meetings, and makes sure the store runs smoothly to maximize profits. According to sociologists, she is a(n) __________.
A) instrumental leader
B) expressive leader
C) oligarch
D) laissez-faire leader

Accepted Answer

Kameko is focused on achieving goals and maximizing profits, which aligns with the role of an instrumental leader who is task-oriented and focused on the completion of goals.

Question 14

Every morning before students arrive at the elementary school, an administrator rallies the teachers together for a group huddle to boost enthusiasm. In this scenario, the administrator is a(n) __________.
A) authoritarian leader
B) oligarch
C) expressive leader
D) instrumental leader

Accepted Answer

An expressive leader focuses on maintaining group cohesion and boosting morale, which aligns with the administrator's actions of rallying teachers to boost enthusiasm.

Question 15

__________ leadership is characterized by a leader who has full control of policies, practices, goals, and activities and leaves little control or autonomy to others in the group.
A) Authoritarian
B) Democratic
C) Expressive
D) Laissez-faire

Accepted Answer

Authoritarian leadership is characterized by a leader who maintains full control over all decisions and allows little input or autonomy from group members.

Question 16

Work organizations such as fast-food restaurants that rely on a continual stream of new workers have little room for worker participation or group decision making. The most effective type of leadership for these types of organizations is __________ leadership.
A) authoritarian
B) democratic
C) expressive
D) laissez-faire

Accepted Answer

Authoritarian leadership is most effective in environments like fast-food restaurants where tasks are routine, and there is a high turnover of staff. This style ensures that tasks are completed efficiently and consistently without the need for worker participation in decision-making.

Question 17

__________ leadership is a participative style of leadership that works best in situations that require participation and commitment to group goals.
A) Authoritarian
B) Democratic
C) Expressive
D) Laissez-faire

Accepted Answer

Democratic leadership is a participative style of leadership that works best in situations that require participation and commitment to group goals.

Question 18

__________ leadership is relatively rare because it applies to few work environments, but it can be found in the academic departments of universities, where group members are concerned with producing new ideas and original research.
A) Authoritarian
B) Democratic
C) Expressive
D) Laissez-faire

Accepted Answer

Laissez-faire leadership is rare and typically found in environments like academic departments where individuals are self-motivated and focused on innovation and research, requiring minimal direct supervision.

Question 19

Groups in which everyone is given an opportunity to participate and contribute to decision making, such as boards of directors of professional associations, are most often characterized by __________ leadership.
A) authoritarian
B) democratic
C) expressive
D) laissez-faire

Accepted Answer

Democratic leadership involves giving everyone an opportunity to participate and contribute to decision making, which is typical of groups like boards of directors.

Question 20

American billionaire and philanthropist Warren Buffett of Berkshire Hathaway avoids micro-managing his team and instead surrounds himself with people who can perform their jobs confidently and creatively without intervention. His approach best exemplifies which type of leadership style?
A) democratic leadership
B) laissez-faire leadership
C) authoritarian leadership
D) instrumental leadership

Accepted Answer

Warren Buffett's approach of avoiding micro-management and allowing his team to perform their jobs independently aligns with laissez-faire leadership, where leaders provide minimal direct supervision and rely on team members to make decisions.

Quiz 4: Interaction, Groups, and Organizations

If Ayanna lets Ricki borrow her chemistry notes when he is absent, Ayanna can expect that if she is absent from class in the future, Ricki will share his notes with her. This is an example of __________.

Eli steps on his son Jaden's toy for the fourth time. In an outburst, he tells Jaden to throw the toy in the garbage. This reaction is disproportionate to the event and signals the frustration felt by Eli. This is also known as __________.

Strangers standing in line at the supermarket and complaining about the lack of available cashiers is an example of a __________.

People who share a similar status, such as all being employees, would best be described as a __________.

Which kind of group has the following characteristics: small in size, concerned about one another's well-being, and sharing a sense of "we-ness"?

Which of the following is an example of a primary group?

Which statement about secondary groups is true?

A __________ is a group that has values, norms, and beliefs that serve as standards for a person's own behavior.

Jamar belongs to his university's Future Leaders of America group, where current events and political issues are discussed. He believes membership in the group will assist him in getting an internship with influential leaders in his city. For Jamar, the group serves as a __________.

Which of the following is true of group leaders?

A(n) ________ focuses on group solidarity, cohesion, and morale.

Kameko is the manager of a local retail store. She closely watches sales projections, attends district meetings, and makes sure the store runs smoothly to maximize profits. According to sociologists, she is a(n) __________.

Every morning before students arrive at the elementary school, an administrator rallies the teachers together for a group huddle to boost enthusiasm. In this scenario, the administrator is a(n) __________.

__________ leadership is characterized by a leader who has full control of policies, practices, goals, and activities and leaves little control or autonomy to others in the group.

Work organizations such as fast-food restaurants that rely on a continual stream of new workers have little room for worker participation or group decision making. The most effective type of leadership for these types of organizations is __________ leadership.

__________ leadership is a participative style of leadership that works best in situations that require participation and commitment to group goals.

__________ leadership is relatively rare because it applies to few work environments, but it can be found in the academic departments of universities, where group members are concerned with producing new ideas and original research.

Groups in which everyone is given an opportunity to participate and contribute to decision making, such as boards of directors of professional associations, are most often characterized by __________ leadership.

American billionaire and philanthropist Warren Buffett of Berkshire Hathaway avoids micro-managing his team and instead surrounds himself with people who can perform their jobs confidently and creatively without intervention. His approach best exemplifies which type of leadership style?