Question 1

What is the formula for a proportion?
A)p = f / N
B)p = N / f
C)p = (f / N)* 100
D)p = (f / 100)* N

Accepted Answer

The formula for a proportion, often used in statistics, is p = f / N, where 'p' represents the proportion, 'f' is the frequency of a particular category or event, and 'N' is the total number of observations or the sample size.

Question 2

In a sample of 500 respondents,men account for 20% of all observations in the sample.What is the total number of females in the sample?
A)100
B)200
C)300
D)400

Accepted Answer

If men account for 20% of the sample, then females account for 80% (100% - 20%). Therefore, the number of females is 80% of 500, which is 400.

Question 3

In a sample of 100 people,57 completed only high school,23 went on to complete only some college,13 went on to complete a two-year or four-year college,and 7 went on to graduate school.What proportion of the sample does not have a two-year or four-year college degree?
A)0.07
B)0.13
C)0.80
D)0.87

Accepted Answer

The proportion of the sample that does not have a two-year or four-year college degree includes those who completed only high school and those who completed only some college, which is 57 + 23 = 80 out of 100, or 0.80.

Question 4

In a sample of 250 respondents,females account for three-fifths of all observations in the sample.What is the total number of males in the sample?
A)100
B)150
C)2/5
D)3/5

Accepted Answer

Females account for three-fifths of the sample, so males account for two-fifths. Since the sample size is 250, males make up 2/5 of 250, which is 100.

Question 5

A relative frequency obtained by dividing the frequency in each category by the total number of cases and multiplying by 100 is a
A)count.
B)frequency.
C)proportion.
D)percentage.

Accepted Answer

A relative frequency obtained by dividing the frequency in each category by the total number of cases and multiplying by 100 is a percentage.

Question 6

A table showing the frequency at or below each category for a variable of interest is referred to as a
A)frequency distribution.
B)difference distribution.
C)cumulative frequency distribution.
D)cumulative difference distribution.

Accepted Answer

A cumulative frequency distribution shows the total frequency at or below each category, making it the correct choice. A frequency distribution shows the number of cases in each category. A difference distribution and a cumulative difference distribution are not commonly used statistical terms.

Question 7

About 13 percent of survey respondents in a sample reported that they do not attend religious services regularly.About what proportion of respondents did not attend religious services regularly?
A)13
B).13
C)87
D).87

Accepted Answer

The question asks for the proportion of respondents who do not attend religious services regularly, which is given as 13 percent in the sample. Therefore, the correct answer is B, which lists 13 as the proportion, expressed as a percentage. Choices A and C are incorrect as they do not provide the correct proportion. Choice D is incorrect as it lists the proportion of respondents who do attend religious services regularly, which is not what the question asked for.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a rate?
A)The number of female births per 1,000 women in ages from 25 to 29
B)The number of deaths to infants between the ages of 0 and 1 per 100,000 population
C)The number of violent crimes committed in urban U.S.cities in between 2005 and 2007
D)The number of second marriages per 100,000 adults of marriageable age

Accepted Answer

The number of violent crimes is not a rate as it is a count of events and not a measurement that involves a time dimension or a relationship between two variables. The other options are all rates as they involve a proportion or ratio of events per a specified population or time period.

Question 9

What is the formula for a percentage?
A)p = f/N
B)p = N/f
C)p = (f/N)100
D)p = (N/f)100

Accepted Answer

The formula for a percentage is p = (f/N)100, where p represents the percentage, f represents the part, and N represents the whole. Option C correctly represents this formula by multiplying (f/N) by 100 to convert the fraction to a percentage.

Question 10

A graph showing the difference in frequencies or percentages among the categories of a nominal or an ordinal variable where the categories are displayed as rectangles of equal width with their height proportional to the frequency or percentage of the category is referred to as a
A)bar graph.
B)pie chart.
C)frequency polygon.
D)histogram.

Accepted Answer

A bar graph is the best choice for displaying the difference in frequencies or percentages among categories of a nominal or an ordinal variable, as it allows for easy comparison between categories through the use of rectangular bars. Pie charts are more appropriate for displaying the proportion of each category in relation to the whole, while frequency polygons and histograms are better suited for displaying numerical data with continuous intervals.

Question 11

The sum of all frequencies in a frequency distribution should sum to
A)0.
B)1.
C)100.
D)N.

Accepted Answer

The sum of all frequencies in a frequency distribution should sum to the total number of observations in the dataset, which is represented by N.

Question 12

The sum of all proportions in a frequency distribution should sum to
A)0.
B)1.
C)100.
D)N.

Accepted Answer

The sum of all proportions in a frequency distribution should sum to 1, as proportions represent fractions of the total. Therefore, the sum of all proportions should equal the whole, which is represented by 1.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a proportion?
A)0.0
B)0.5
C)1.0
D)1.5

Accepted Answer

Proportions are ratios of two values and are always expressed as a fraction or decimal between 0 and 1. Choice D (1.5) is not between 0 and 1 and therefore cannot be a proportion. Choices A (0.0), B (0.5), and C (1.0) are all between 0 and 1 and can be proportions.

Question 14

Inspecting the title and checking the sources are basic principles of
A)studying for an exam.
B)reading a statistical table.
C)determining research question.
D)calculating a rate.

Accepted Answer

Inspecting the title and checking the sources are essential steps in understanding the context and credibility of the information presented in a statistical table. The title gives insight into what the data is about, and the sources indicate the reliability and origin of the data.

Question 15

A cumulative percentage distribution shows the
A)percentage at or above each category of the variable.
B)total number of cases in a population.
C)percentage at or below each category of the variable.
D)total frequency of all variables.

Accepted Answer

A cumulative percentage distribution shows the percentage at or below each category of the variable, which is represented by a cumulative frequency. This type of distribution is used to display the accumulation of values in a data set, making it easier to identify trends and proportions of the data. Option A is partially correct but misses out on the fact that the distribution shows the percentage below each category. Option B is incorrect as the distribution does not show the total number of cases in a population, and Option D is also incorrect as it is not showing the total frequency of all variables, but rather the cumulative percentage of one variable.

Question 16

A graph showing the differences in frequencies or percentages among the categories of a nominal or an ordinal variable where the "pieces" add up to 100% of the total frequencies is referred to as a
A)bar graph.
B)pie chart.
C)frequency polygon.
D)histogram.

Accepted Answer

A pie chart is the best choice because it accurately represents the proportional differences between categories of a nominal or ordinal variable and allows the viewer to easily see how the "pieces" add up to 100% of the total frequencies. A bar graph and frequency polygon can also represent frequencies or percentages, but they do not have the requirement that the "pieces" add up to 100%. A histogram is used to display the distribution of a continuous variable and is not appropriate for nominal or ordinal variables.

Question 17

When constructing a rate,the denominator refers to the
A)number of actual events or occurrences.
B)number of possible events or occurrence.
C)difference of number of actual events or occurrences from number of possible events or occurrence.
D)sum of number of actual events or occurrences from number of possible events or occurrence.

Accepted Answer

The denominator of a rate refers to the number of possible events or occurrences. For example, if we are calculating the mortality rate of a certain disease, the denominator would be the total number of people at risk of developing the disease in a specific population. This would include both individuals who contracted the disease and those who did not. Therefore, the denominator represents the total pool of individuals who were at risk of developing the disease, regardless of whether they actually contracted it or not.

Question 18

A rate is usually expressed as a
A)count.
B)frequency.
C)multiple of the sample size.
D)multiple of some power of 10.

Accepted Answer

A rate is often expressed as a multiple of some power of 10 to standardize the measurement and make it easier to interpret, such as per 1000 or per 100,000.

Question 19

A proportion is a
A)relative frequency obtained by dividing the total number of cases by the frequency in each category.
B)relative frequency obtained by dividing the frequency in each category by the total number of cases.
C)number representing the total number of cases in a population.
D)distribution showing the frequency at or below each category of the variable.

Accepted Answer

A proportion is calculated by dividing the frequency in each category by the total number of cases. This gives us a relative frequency that represents the proportion of the total population that falls into each category.

Question 20

A rate based on the total population is referred to as a(n)______ rate.
A)actual
B)determinant
C)whole
D)crude

Accepted Answer

A crude rate is a rate based on the total population without any adjustments or specific subgroups taken into account. This type of rate gives a broad understanding of the health or disease status of a population.

Quiz 2: The Organization and Graphic Presentation of Data

What is the formula for a proportion?

In a sample of 500 respondents,men account for 20% of all observations in the sample.What is the total number of females in the sample?

In a sample of 100 people,57 completed only high school,23 went on to complete only some college,13 went on to complete a two-year or four-year college,and 7 went on to graduate school.What proportion of the sample does not have a two-year or four-year college degree?

In a sample of 250 respondents,females account for three-fifths of all observations in the sample.What is the total number of males in the sample?

A relative frequency obtained by dividing the frequency in each category by the total number of cases and multiplying by 100 is a

A table showing the frequency at or below each category for a variable of interest is referred to as a

About 13 percent of survey respondents in a sample reported that they do not attend religious services regularly.About what proportion of respondents did not attend religious services regularly?

Which of the following is not a rate?

What is the formula for a percentage?

A graph showing the difference in frequencies or percentages among the categories of a nominal or an ordinal variable where the categories are displayed as rectangles of equal width with their height proportional to the frequency or percentage of the category is referred to as a

The sum of all frequencies in a frequency distribution should sum to

The sum of all proportions in a frequency distribution should sum to

Which of the following is not a proportion?

Inspecting the title and checking the sources are basic principles of

A cumulative percentage distribution shows the

A graph showing the differences in frequencies or percentages among the categories of a nominal or an ordinal variable where the "pieces" add up to 100% of the total frequencies is referred to as a

When constructing a rate,the denominator refers to the

A rate is usually expressed as a

A proportion is a

A rate based on the total population is referred to as a(n) ______ rate.