Question 1

If we were to ask college students,"To what extent do they value a college degree?",which type of sample plan would be most appropriate?
A)Any probability sampling plan would be useful.
B)A stratified sample because we would expect the answers to vary by strata: freshmen,sophomore,junior,and senior.
C)A cluster sample because we would expect the answers to vary by cluster: freshmen,sophomore,junior,and senior.
D)An area sample because we would expect the answers to vary by area: freshmen,sophomore,junior,and senior.
E)None of these would be appropriate.In fact,it would be best to use a nonprobability sampling technique.

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling would be most appropriate, as we would expect students' values on a college degree to vary based on their class standing (freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior). A stratified sample allows us to ensure representation from each stratum, making the results more accurate and reliable.

Question 2

If you decided to interview members of your class with regard to issues relating to the university and college life,you would have selected the ____ as a means of sampling members of the total population.
A)simple random sample
B)stratified random sample
C)cluster (area)sample
D)convenience sample
E)quota sample

Accepted Answer

Interviewing members of your class for issues relating to university and college life represents a convenience sample because it involves selecting individuals who are most readily available without randomization or specific stratification.

Question 3

If a local newspaper reporter tries to gather information about perceptions of a proposed comprehensive "senior exit exam" by interviewing officers from the university's student senate (because they are well informed about the feelings of the general student body),what type of sampling procedure is he using?
A)Simple random sample
B)Systematic sample
C)Judgment sample
D)Convenience sample
E)Quota sample

Accepted Answer

The reporter is using a judgment sample because they are selecting individuals from the student senate who they believe are well-informed about the feelings of the general student body. It is not a simple random sample because they are not randomly selecting students from the university. It is not a systematic sample because they are not selecting every nth student. It is not a convenience sample because they are not selecting individuals who are easily accessible. It is not a quota sample because they are not selecting individuals to fit specific demographic quotas.

Question 4

In a one-stage area sample of 10 blocks from a population of 100 blocks,the probability of any household being included in the sample is
A)0.10.
B)0.01.
C)1.10.
D)100%.
E)Cannot be determined with information given in the question

Accepted Answer

In a one-stage area sample where 10 blocks are selected out of 100, each block has a 10/100 or 0.10 (10%) chance of being selected. This probability applies to any household within those blocks, assuming each block has an equal chance of being selected.

Question 5

Using probability sampling,Sam collected data on the number of dogs owned in each household in the Houston area.He analyzed his data and determined that 1.3 dogs are owned in each household.He might conclude from this information that there is a probability that at least one dog is owned by every household in Texas.Sam used ____ to draw this conclusion.
A)statistical inference
B)intuition
C)crystal ball inference
D)intention processing
E)perceptual mapping

Accepted Answer

Sam used statistical inference to draw the conclusion that there is a probability that at least one dog is owned by every household in Texas. This is because he collected data using probability sampling and analyzed it to make a conclusion about a larger population.

Question 6

The distinguishing feature of cluster samples in comparison to other probability sampling plans is that cluster samples
A)provide each population element with an equal chance of being included in the sample.
B)provide each population element with a known chance of being included in the sample.
C)involve the partitioning of the parent population into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subsets.
D)involve the partitioning of the parent population into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subsets and the probabilistic selection of elements from each subset.
E)utilize the probabilistic selection of groups rather than elements.

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling involves the probabilistic selection of groups rather than individual elements, which distinguishes it from other probability sampling plans. The groups are usually geographically or organizationally based, and all members within the selected groups are included in the sample. The individuals within the selected groups are not selected probabilistically, but rather as a complete group inclusion.

Question 7

If you have five friends who tell you they all have had a great experience with their purchase of a Chevrolet and you used this evidence to decide to buy a Chevrolet,you would be using
A)consumer self-report and evaluation.
B)statistics.
C)inference.
D)independent judgment.
E)None of these are correct.

Accepted Answer

The person is using inference by assuming that their own experience will be similar to that of their friends based on their positive experiences. There is no statistical data or independent judgment being used, and while it could be considered consumer self-report, it is not a formal survey or study.

Question 8

Jane Doe wants to administer a short survey on "student driving habits" to a representative sample of students at the local university.She secured a list of students from the student directory.She as-signed each student a unique number and then used a random number table to select her sample.Jane Doe is most likely using a
A)quota sample technique.
B)probability sampling technique.
C)cluster sample technique.
D)statistical inference.
E)judgment sampling technique.

Accepted Answer

Jane Doe is using probability sampling technique since she is using a random number table to select her sample. This ensures that every student on the list has an equal chance of being selected, leading to a representative sample.

Question 9

A researcher is seeking a representative sample (of size n=50)of Fortune magazine's list of the 500 largest industrial corporations.She randomly decides to begin at company number 4 and then select every 10th company until 50 have been selected.The researcher is using what type of sampling plan?
A)Simple random sampling
B)Judgment sampling
C)Systematic sampling
D)Stratified sampling
E)Convenience sampling

Accepted Answer

The researcher is using a systematic sampling plan since they are starting at a specific point and selecting every nth unit (in this case, every 10th company). This is different from simple random sampling, where each unit has an equal chance of being selected, and stratified sampling, where the population is divided into strata and units are randomly selected from each stratum. Judgment sampling involves selecting units based on the researcher's subjective judgment, while convenience sampling involves selecting units that are easily accessible or available.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)In cluster sampling,the parent population is broken into mutually exclusive and exhaustive sub-groups and a simple random sample is selected from each subgroup.
B)Cluster samples are most statistically efficient when the clusters are internally homogeneous.
C)In order to yield high statistical efficiency,each cluster in a cluster sample should include as many diverse universe values as possible.
D)One of the main advantages of cluster sampling over simple random sampling is its greater statistical efficiency for the same size sample.
E)All of these statements are false.

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling is most statistically efficient when clusters are internally heterogeneous, meaning they contain diverse values, which allows for better representation of the entire population.

Question 11

Based on the selection of a random number,every sixth block in a city in which the blocks are numbered from 1 to 960 is to be surveyed by contacting each household.This sample is
A)area.
B)systematic.
C)one-stage.
D)a,b,and c are correct.
E)None of these are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the selection of a random...

Question 12

If you enter a shopping mall and notice a researcher handing out surveys to everyone asking their opinion about a possible increase in state sales tax rates,what type of sampling procedure is being used?
A)Convenience sample
B)Implied sample
C)Simple random sample
D)Systematic sample
E)Quota sample

Accepted Answer

The researcher is using a convenience sample by selecting individuals who happen to be in the shopping mall at that time. This is not a random sample as it does not give everyone in the population an equal chance of being selected.

Question 13

Area sampling is a form of
A)cluster sampling.
B)stratified sampling.
C)quota sampling.
D)convenience sampling.
E)simple random sampling.

Accepted Answer

Area sampling is a form of cluster sampling where the population is divided into clusters based on geographic or spatial units called areas. This method is useful when it is difficult or impractical to identify all members of the population, and it allows for efficient sampling of a large area while maintaining some randomness in the selection of individuals within each cluster. Therefore, the best choice is A.

Question 14

The primary advantage of area sampling plans is
A)area sampling data is easy to tabulate and analyse.
B)they don't require probability-based methods of element selection.
C)results can be generalized from one area to another without loss of statistical efficiency.
D)they don't require a list of elements from the population of interest.
E)the results are more understandable for the general public than other more complex plans.

Accepted Answer

Area sampling plans do not require a comprehensive list of every element within the population of interest, making them particularly useful in situations where such lists are difficult or impossible to compile. This is a significant advantage over other sampling methods that require detailed lists to ensure every element has a known chance of selection.

Question 15

In practice,simple random sampling should be strongly considered
A)if the population is small and can be numbered easily.
B)in telephone surveys where random digit dialing programs may be used to generate numbers.
C)when population units are stored in an electronic file allowing computer programs to randomly select the sample.
D)All of these are situations that allow for the practical application of simple random sampling.
E)None of the situations allow the practical application of simple random sampling.

Accepted Answer

All of these situations allow for the practical application of simple random sampling. When the population is small, it is easy to number and select a random sample. In telephone surveys, random digit dialing programs can be used to randomly select phone numbers to call. When population units are stored in an electronic file, computer programs can easily select a random sample. Therefore, these situations provide practical methods for conducting simple random sampling.

Question 16

If a newspaper editor asks a reporter to interview thirty males and thirty females from each of three geographical areas of a particular city for a prospective story,what type of sampling procedure is being used?
A)Simple random sample
B)Convenience sample
C)Quota sample
D)Systematic sample
E)Stratified sample

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a quota sample because the editor specifies a certain number of individuals (thirty males and thirty females) from each geographical area, which means the sample is chosen to meet predetermined quotas.

Question 17

The PGA conducts a study in which they use a simple random sample of 600 golfers.They examine the data from the sample and calculate that 28% of them own golf clubs made in the USA.The 28% is the
A)average handicap of these golfers.
B)sample statistic.
C)population mean for all golfers.
D)population parameter.
E)None of these are correct.

Accepted Answer

The 28% is a sample statistic because it is based on data from a sample of 600 golfers, rather than the entire population of golfers. The population mean for all golfers and the population parameter would require data from the entire population, which was not used in this study.

Question 18

A researcher divides the city of Flint,Michigan,into 500 blocks of 10 households each.She requires a sample of 400 households.She selects a sample by randomly selecting 100 blocks and randomly selecting 4 households per block.This is an example of ____.
A)systematic sampling
B)two-stage area sampling
C)probability-proportional-to-size sampling
D)one-stage area sampling
E)sequential sampling

Accepted Answer

This is an example of two-stage area sampling because the city was first divided into blocks, and then a sample was taken from within those blocks.

Question 19

A market researcher divides the Dallas metropolitan area into blocks having roughly equal populations.He then selects a random sample of blocks and sends interviewers to each block.The inter-viewers are instructed to interview every eighth dwelling unit.This is ____ sampling.
A)one-stage area
B)two-stage area
C)quota
D)two-stage systematic
E)stratified

Accepted Answer

This is an example of two-stage area sampling because the researcher first divides the area into blocks (first stage) and then selects a sample of blocks to further sample dwelling units within those blocks (second stage).

Question 20

Which of the following types of probability samples does not require a complete list of population elements by name in order to draw the sample?
A)Stratified sample
B)Systematic sample
C)Simple random sample
D)Cluster sample
E)Quota sample

Accepted Answer

A cluster sample only requires a list of population clusters or groups, as opposed to a complete list of all population elements. Within each cluster, a sub-sample of elements is then selected to be included in the overall sample.

Quiz 14: Developing the Sampling Plan

If we were to ask college students,"To what extent do they value a college degree?",which type of sample plan would be most appropriate?

If you decided to interview members of your class with regard to issues relating to the university and college life,you would have selected the ____ as a means of sampling members of the total population.

In a one-stage area sample of 10 blocks from a population of 100 blocks,the probability of any household being included in the sample is

The distinguishing feature of cluster samples in comparison to other probability sampling plans is that cluster samples

If you have five friends who tell you they all have had a great experience with their purchase of a Chevrolet and you used this evidence to decide to buy a Chevrolet,you would be using

A researcher is seeking a representative sample (of size n=50) of Fortune magazine's list of the 500 largest industrial corporations.She randomly decides to begin at company number 4 and then select every 10th company until 50 have been selected.The researcher is using what type of sampling plan?

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Based on the selection of a random number,every sixth block in a city in which the blocks are numbered from 1 to 960 is to be surveyed by contacting each household.This sample is

If you enter a shopping mall and notice a researcher handing out surveys to everyone asking their opinion about a possible increase in state sales tax rates,what type of sampling procedure is being used?

Area sampling is a form of

The primary advantage of area sampling plans is

In practice,simple random sampling should be strongly considered

If a newspaper editor asks a reporter to interview thirty males and thirty females from each of three geographical areas of a particular city for a prospective story,what type of sampling procedure is being used?

The PGA conducts a study in which they use a simple random sample of 600 golfers.They examine the data from the sample and calculate that 28% of them own golf clubs made in the USA.The 28% is the

A researcher divides the city of Flint,Michigan,into 500 blocks of 10 households each.She requires a sample of 400 households.She selects a sample by randomly selecting 100 blocks and randomly selecting 4 households per block.This is an example of ____.

A market researcher divides the Dallas metropolitan area into blocks having roughly equal populations.He then selects a random sample of blocks and sends interviewers to each block.The inter-viewers are instructed to interview every eighth dwelling unit.This is ____ sampling.

Which of the following types of probability samples does not require a complete list of population elements by name in order to draw the sample?