Question 1

Momoko learned to water ski as a result of _______. 
A) operant conditioning
B) classical conditioning
C) aversive training
D) positive punishment

Accepted Answer

The answer of Momoko learned to water ski as a...

Question 2

A Skinner box is the name for the _____. 
A) laboratory used by B. F. Skinner
B) classical conditioning container used by Pavlov.
C) apparatus used to study classical conditioning
D) apparatus used to study the effects of reinforcement on animal behavior

Accepted Answer

The answer of A Skinner box is the name for...

Question 3

To prevent your children from swimming in their pool when you are not home, you don't allow them to stay home alone when you are not there. If you send them to the neighbor's house instead, you are using ____________.
A) negative punishment
B) negative reinforcement
C) positive punishment
D) positive reinforcement

Accepted Answer

Negative punishment is the removal of a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior. In this case, the children are not allowed to stay home alone (a pleasant stimulus) in order to prevent them from swimming in the pool (an undesirable behavior).

Question 4

Which of the following is a criticism of punishment?
A) Iit does not lead to a decrease in behavior.
B) It actually leads to an increase in behavior.
C) It does not signal to the learner the appropriate behavior.
D) both a and c

Accepted Answer

Punishment does not provide information about what the appropriate behavior is, only what is not acceptable.

Question 5

Because Diane is unhappy, she often yells at her husband. As a result, he has joined a variety of clubs so that he can stay away from his wife. The husband's actions would be an example of ______________.
A) avoidance behavior
B) temporary suppression
C) learned helplessness
D) passive aggressiveness

Accepted Answer

The husband's actions are an example of avoidance behavior, as he is joining clubs to avoid being around his wife and her yelling.

Question 6

When a parent spanks a child for hitting another child, the parent is ____ the behavior for the child, which will affect the effectiveness of the punishment.
A) shaping
B) modeling
C) chaining
D) trialing

Accepted Answer

The parent is modeling the behavior because they are demonstrating through their actions (spanking) that hitting is an acceptable way to deal with conflict, which can undermine the intended lesson of the punishment.

Question 7

An example of ___________ would be a child who having just been spanked for having a temper tantrum decides to go to the bathroom on the floor in retaliation for being punished.
A) avoidance behavior
B) learned helplessness
C) increased aggression
D) passive aggressiveness

Accepted Answer

The answer of An example of ___________ would be a...

Question 8

An example of _____________ would be if you miss your curfew and decide it is best if you do not enter the house using the front door, where your parents will be waiting for you.
A) avoidance behavior
B) learned helplessness
C) temporary suppression
D) passive aggressiveness

Accepted Answer

Avoidance behavior involves taking actions to prevent encountering a negative situation, such as avoiding the front door to not face parents after missing curfew.

Question 9

An example of ______________ would be a dean who is upset with her faculty member and so decides to show up 30 minutes late to observe the teacher's class presentation.
A) avoidance behavior
B) learned helplessness
C) temporary suppression
D) passive aggressiveness

Accepted Answer

The dean's action of showing up late to the class presentation as a way to express displeasure is an example of passive-aggressive behavior, where indirect resistance or avoidance is used to express negative feelings.

Question 10

A procedure in which people's bodily functions are recorded and the information is made known to them so that they can increase voluntary control over these functions is known as _____.
A) programmed instruction
B) biofeedback
C) biological monitoring
D) the law of effect

Accepted Answer

Biofeedback is a procedure in which people's bodily functions are recorded and the information is made known to them so that they can increase voluntary control over these functions.

Question 11

Mamie has an EMG attached to her forehead and when tension rises, a computer says, "That's too high"; and when it drops to normal or lower levels, it says, "That's very good." Mamie is using _____ to decrease her tension headaches.
A) primary reinforcement
B) computerized reinforcement
C) biofeedback
D) electromyography monitoring

Accepted Answer

Biofeedback is a technique that involves using electronic monitoring to gain awareness and control over physiological functions, such as muscle tension, to improve health conditions like tension headaches.

Question 12

Biofeedback involves which of the following?
A) positive reinforcement
B) secondary reinforcement
C) shaping
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Biofeedback involves using positive reinforcement, secondary reinforcement, and shaping to help individuals gain control over physiological functions.

Question 13

An example of _________ would be a mother with a child, who after wandering aimlessly through the mall nearly every weekend, asks you where the nearest toy store is and you know exactly where to direct her.
A) Kohler's insight learning
B) Tolman's latent learning
C) a Clingon map
D) sublingual mapping

Accepted Answer

Tolman's latent learning refers to knowledge that is acquired without any immediate reinforcement or obvious change in behavior, which becomes apparent when there is a need to use it, such as knowing the location of a toy store after wandering the mall.

Question 14

Tolman's study on latent learning showed that ________.
A) rats that were continuously reinforced made more mistakes in navigating through the maze.
B) rats that were not reinforced for getting through the maze made more mistakes navigating through the maze.
C) rats that were later reinforced quickly caught up to the performance of rats that were continually reinforced throughout the course of the study.
D) b and c

Accepted Answer

Tolman's study on latent learning showed that rats that were not reinforced for getting through the maze made more mistakes navigating through the maze initially, but once they were later reinforced, they quickly caught up to the performance of rats that were continually reinforced throughout the course of the study.

Question 15

Evidence for cognitive maps exists for _______.
A) humans
B) snakes
C) rats
D) a and c

Accepted Answer

Cognitive maps have been demonstrated in both humans and rats, showing their ability to navigate and understand spatial environments.

Question 16

An example of how prejudice is acquired through __________ would be if a mother acts upset and fearful when exposed to a particular ethnic group, it is likely that her child will learn to be upset when exposed to the same ethnic group.
A) shaping
B) classical conditioning
C) observational learning
D) latent learning

Accepted Answer

Observational learning occurs when an individual learns behavior by observing others, such as a child learning prejudice by observing a parent's reactions.

Question 17

Based on observational learning research, which of the following is TRUE?
A) Children who watch aggression are less likely to aggress because they have gotten it out of their systems.
B) Children will imitate an aggressive model who appears to receive a reinforcer as a result of the behavior.
C) Television and movie aggression are not related to real-life aggression in children because they can tell the difference between fantasy and reality.
D) If you watched aggressive television when you were a child and it didn't make you more aggressive, this is evidence that aggressive TV does not influence children's behavior.

Accepted Answer

Children are more likely to imitate behavior if they observe the model being rewarded for it, as demonstrated in Bandura's studies on observational learning and aggression.

Question 18

Which of the following is required for you to learn by observation?
A) The model must exactly match you in age, gender, and other characteristics.
B) You must organize and remember what you saw.
C) You must be able (e.g., physically or developmentally) to reproduce what you observed.
D) b and c

Accepted Answer

Observational learning requires the ability to remember what was observed and the capability to reproduce the behavior. The model does not need to match the observer in characteristics.

Question 19

Rats raised in an enriched versus a deprived environment typically develop all of the following EXCEPT_____. 
A) increased nerve growth factor
B) more dendritic connections
C) improved performance on learning tasks
D) more neurons

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rats raised in an enriched versus a...

Question 20

______ is/are (a) biological constraint(s) that limit(s) the generalizability of learning principles.
A) Innate species instincts
B) Biological preparedness
C) Instinctive drift
D) b and c

Accepted Answer

Biological preparedness and instinctive drift are both biological constraints that affect how easily certain behaviors can be learned, limiting the generalizability of learning principles across different species.

Quiz 6: Learning

Momoko learned to water ski as a result of _______.

A Skinner box is the name for the _____.

To prevent your children from swimming in their pool when you are not home, you don't allow them to stay home alone when you are not there. If you send them to the neighbor's house instead, you are using ____________.

Which of the following is a criticism of punishment?

Because Diane is unhappy, she often yells at her husband. As a result, he has joined a variety of clubs so that he can stay away from his wife. The husband's actions would be an example of ______________.

When a parent spanks a child for hitting another child, the parent is ____ the behavior for the child, which will affect the effectiveness of the punishment.

An example of ___________ would be a child who having just been spanked for having a temper tantrum decides to go to the bathroom on the floor in retaliation for being punished.

An example of _____________ would be if you miss your curfew and decide it is best if you do not enter the house using the front door, where your parents will be waiting for you.

An example of ______________ would be a dean who is upset with her faculty member and so decides to show up 30 minutes late to observe the teacher's class presentation.

A procedure in which people's bodily functions are recorded and the information is made known to them so that they can increase voluntary control over these functions is known as _____.

Mamie has an EMG attached to her forehead and when tension rises, a computer says, "That's too high"; and when it drops to normal or lower levels, it says, "That's very good." Mamie is using _____ to decrease her tension headaches.

Biofeedback involves which of the following?

An example of _________ would be a mother with a child, who after wandering aimlessly through the mall nearly every weekend, asks you where the nearest toy store is and you know exactly where to direct her.

Tolman's study on latent learning showed that ________.

Evidence for cognitive maps exists for _______.

An example of how prejudice is acquired through __________ would be if a mother acts upset and fearful when exposed to a particular ethnic group, it is likely that her child will learn to be upset when exposed to the same ethnic group.

Based on observational learning research, which of the following is TRUE?

Which of the following is required for you to learn by observation?

Rats raised in an enriched versus a deprived environment typically develop all of the following EXCEPT_____.

______ is/are (a) biological constraint(s) that limit(s) the generalizability of learning principles.