Question 1

Barry is looking for a journal article on childhood resilience that supports the biological approach to psychology.Which keyword(s)will be most helpful to Barry in his search?
A) environment
B) genetic influence
C) overt behavior
D) cognition

Accepted Answer

The keyword "genetic influence" is most closely related to the biological approach to psychology, which focuses on the role of genetics and biology in shaping behavior and development. A journal article on childhood resilience that supports this approach would likely include discussion of the influence of genetic factors on resilience. Keywords such as "environment," "overt behavior," and "cognition" may also be relevant to resilience in childhood, but would not necessarily be specific to the biological approach.

Question 2

Your friend claims that altruism,cooperation,aggression,and other social behaviors increase the chances of human survival and are genetically encoded and passed on from generation to generation.Your friend is supporting the ____ approach.
A) psychoneuroimmunological
B) psychobiological
C) sociopsychological
D) evolutionary

Accepted Answer

The statement about social behaviors increasing the chances of human survival and being genetically encoded and passed on from generation to generation aligns with the evolutionary approach, which focuses on the adaptive value of behavior and how it has evolved over time through natural selection.

Question 3

In research on depression,Dr.Calhoun has subjects keep track of their negative and pessimistic thoughts so those thoughts can be examined to determine how realistic they actually are.Dr.Calhoun is using a(n)____ approach.
A) humanistic
B) psychodynamic
C) cognitive
D) eclectic

Accepted Answer

The approach used by Dr. Calhoun involves examining the negative and pessimistic thoughts of the subjects to determine their realism, which aligns with the cognitive approach that focuses on how people think, perceive, and interpret information. The humanistic approach emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, the psychodynamic approach focuses on unconscious processes and past experiences, and the eclectic approach combines different techniques and theories from multiple perspectives.

Question 4

Sharya believes that people's patterns of thoughts and judgments motivate them to behave in certain ways.Sharya's views are most consistent with the ____ approach to psychology.
A) psychodynamic
B) evolutionary
C) cognitive
D) behavioral

Accepted Answer

Sharya's belief that people's patterns of thoughts and judgments influence their behavior aligns with the cognitive approach to psychology, which emphasizes the role of mental processes in shaping behavior. The psychodynamic approach emphasizes unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences, the evolutionary approach examines how behavior has evolved over time, and the behavioral approach focuses on the role of conditioning in shaping behavior.

Question 5

Erick is a psychologist who depends on methods and strategies from more than one discipline of psychology.In other words,Erick takes a(n)____ approach to the study of psychology.
A) empirical
B) evolutionary
C) environmental
D) eclectic

Accepted Answer

An eclectic approach to psychology refers to the integration of multiple approaches or perspectives within the field. This approach is characterized by a willingness to utilize methods and strategies from various disciplines in order to create a more holistic understanding of human behavior and mental processes. Therefore, Erick's reliance on methods and strategies from multiple disciplines of psychology indicates an eclectic approach.

Question 6

Keith believes that his behavior reflects his unconscious struggles to satisfy his desires for sex and food and the need to abide by the restrictions of society.His roommate thinks his behavior reflects an excessive amount of hormones.Keith's approach regarding his behavior is ____,and his roommate has a(n)____ approach.
A) biological; biological
B) evolutionary; psychodynamic
C) psychodynamic; biological
D) psychodynamic; evolutionary

Accepted Answer

Keith's belief that his behavior is driven by unconscious conflicts and societal restrictions aligns with the psychodynamic approach, which emphasizes the role of internal processes and societal norms. On the other hand, his roommate's view that Keith's behavior is simply a result of his hormonal levels aligns with the biological approach. Therefore, Keith's approach is psychodynamic, and his roommate's approach is biological.

Question 7

A psychologist with a humanistic approach would state that behavior is driven by ____.
A) choices
B) instincts
C) genetics
D) rewards

Accepted Answer

A psychologist with a humanistic approach would believe that behavior is driven by the choices individuals make in their lives rather than instincts, genetics, or rewards. This approach emphasizes individual freedom, personal responsibility, and self-awareness.

Question 8

Adzure and Anton are identical twins,each born with a special ability.Adzure is able to dispense two aspirin from the bottle without any difficulty.Anton is able to find mates-easily and often.According to natural selection,if all other attributes are equal,who is more likely to survive,and why?
A) Adzure; his ability is an example of a positive fixed action pattern.
B) Anton; his ability will increase his opportunities to pass on his genes.
C) Adzure; his ability will decrease his chances of falling ill.
D) Neither will be more or less likely to survive.

Accepted Answer

According to natural selection, the ultimate goal is to pass on genes to the next generation. Thus, Anton's ability to find mates easily and often will increase his chances of passing on his genes, making him more likely to survive. Adzure's ability to dispense aspirin does not directly contribute to his survival or reproductive success.

Question 9

Hank the hummingbird has been isolated since birth.When he is released into the company of an attractive female hummingbird,he almost immediately begins the courtship ritual.Hank's behavior shows that ____.
A) you can'tdistinguish animal behavior from human behavior
B) fixed action patterns have a strong learned component
C) you can't keep a good hummingbird down
D) species-specific behaviors are unlearned, inherited patterns

Accepted Answer

Hank's behavior demonstrates species-specific behaviors, which are unlearned and inherited patterns. This suggests that he has a natural instinct for courtship with an attractive female hummingbird.

Question 10

During lunch,Tara says,"I am reading this book called On the Origin of Species,and the author has some really bizarre ideas about why we think and act as we do." Thom replies,"Yeah,I read that book.It was written by Charles Darwin.I liked the discussion on ____."
A) functionalism
B) structuralism
C) introspection
D) naturalselection

Accepted Answer

Thom is referring to the book On the Origin of Species, which is primarily about the concept of natural selection. Therefore, the correct answer is D, naturalselection.

Question 11

Within a scientific discipline,the focus of investigation is often cyclical in nature.In psychology,the cycle is represented by an emphasis on the study of ____ in the 1880s and on the study of ____ in the 1980s.
A) overt behavior; physiological reactions
B) conscious experience; cognitive processes
C) perception; sensation
D) consciousness; overt behavior

Accepted Answer

The emphasis on the study of conscious experience in psychology in the 1880s is represented by the school of thought known as structuralism, which focused on introspection and subjective experience. In the 1980s, the focus shifted to the study of cognitive processes, such as attention, memory, and problem-solving, which were studied through methods such as information processing models and cognitive neuroscience. This shift in focus is known as the cognitive revolution in psychology. Therefore, the best choice is B, conscious experience; cognitive processes.

Question 12

Six-year-old Jean hits another child and steals the child's lunch money.A psychologist who takes a psychodynamic approach would suggest that Jean ____.
A) learned that hitting someone would result in a reward
B) has an unconscious drive for aggression, causing her to act out
C) asserted herself, an example of bettering herself as a person
D) hit the child for food, an adaptive mechanism to survive

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic approach suggests that behavior is driven by unconscious desires and conflicts. According to this approach, Jean may have an unconscious drive for aggression that is causing her to act out.

Question 13

Achmed claims that men are more aggressive than women because in the past,being aggressive increased men's reproductive chances.Clarisse argues that this difference is a result of men being rewarded and women being punished for being aggressive.Achmed is taking the ____ approach,while Clarisse is taking the ____ approach to understanding aggressiveness.
A) evolutionary; behavioral
B) behavioral; biological
C) humanistic; biological
D) biological; behavioral

Accepted Answer

Achmed's belief that men are more aggressive due to evolutionary factors is an example of the evolutionary approach, while Clarisse's belief that socialization and reward/punishment play a role in aggression is an example of the behavioral approach.

Question 14

Ogun was constantly fearful and tense.He went to a psychiatrist to receive treatment.Although Ogun expected to talk his problems over with the psychiatrist,the doctor talked only briefly to Ogun and prescribed a pill to help him relax.The doctor was treating Ogun with a ____ approach.
A) biological
B) psychodynamic
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Accepted Answer

The fact that the psychiatrist prescribed a pill suggests that they approach treatment from a biological perspective, focusing on the use of medication to manage symptoms. The other options, such as psychodynamic or cognitive, would likely involve more talk therapy and exploration of underlying psychological factors contributing to Ogun's anxiety.

Question 15

Aaron believes that drug abuse occurs because abusers produce more of certain brain chemicals and because they perceive drugs to be their salvation.Aaron advocates which two approaches in psychology?
A) psychodynamic and cognitive
B) behavioral and biological
C) behavioral and cognitive
D) biological and humanistic

Accepted Answer

Aaron's beliefs about drug abuse suggest a focus on neurotransmitters and brain chemistry, which aligns with a biological approach in psychology. Additionally, his emphasis on the individual's perception of drugs as a solution suggests a humanistic approach. Therefore, the best choices are biological and humanistic, which are represented in option D.

Question 16

Debi notices that her seven-year-old daughter often gives wrong answers before giving the right answers when playing word games.Debi suspects her daughter does this for several reasons; her brain is still forming,she has learned it will earn her attention,and her problem-solving skills are ever-changing.Debi's explanation best reflects a(n)____ approach to psychology.
A) psychodynamic
B) cognitive
C) humanistic
D) eclectic

Accepted Answer

Debi's explanation reflects an eclectic approach because she considers multiple factors (brain development, learned behavior for attention, and evolving problem-solving skills) that influence her daughter's behavior, indicating a combination of different psychological perspectives rather than adhering to a single theory or approach.

Question 17

A philosopher who claims that "life is directed by one's thoughts" would be stating a position most consistent with the ____ approach to psychology.
A) humanistic
B) evolutionary
C) cognitive
D) behavioral

Accepted Answer

The statement that "life is directed by one's thoughts" is most consistent with the cognitive approach to psychology, which emphasizes the role of mental processes such as perception, attention, and memory in shaping behavior and experience. The humanistic approach emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, the evolutionary approach emphasizes the influence of evolution on behavior, and the behavioral approach emphasizes the role of learning, reinforcement, and punishment in shaping behavior.

Question 18

Jorie thinks that the attention her little brother gets when he has tantrums actually encourages him to have more tantrums.Jorie's explanation is based on a____ approach.
A) psychodynamic
B) cognitive
C) humanistic
D) behavioral

Accepted Answer

Jorie's explanation focuses on how her brother's behavior is reinforced by attention, which is a key principle in behavioral psychology. The other options (psychodynamic, cognitive, humanistic) do not specifically address the role of reinforcement in shaping behavior.

Question 19

Dr.Allera studies how brain activity is related to depressed and anxious behavior in college students.Dr.Allera probably takes the ____ approach to psychology.
A) behavioral
B) psychodynamic
C) cognitive
D) biological

Accepted Answer

Dr. Allera's focus on brain activity and behavior suggests a biological approach to psychology, which emphasizes the biological underpinnings of behavior and mental processes.

Question 20

Researchers have found that infants may have an innate ability to respond to faces.These researchers suggest that an interest in human faces may have developed because it helps newborns focus on their only source of food and care.These researchers are most likely following a(n)____ approach.
A) behavioral
B) evolutionary
C) cognitive
D) biological

Accepted Answer

The researchers are suggesting an evolutionary approach, as they are proposing that the behavior of interest (interest in human faces) has developed due to its adaptive value for survival and reproduction over generations.

Quiz 1: Introduction to the Science of Psychology

Barry is looking for a journal article on childhood resilience that supports the biological approach to psychology.Which keyword(s) will be most helpful to Barry in his search?

Your friend claims that altruism,cooperation,aggression,and other social behaviors increase the chances of human survival and are genetically encoded and passed on from generation to generation.Your friend is supporting the ____ approach.

In research on depression,Dr.Calhoun has subjects keep track of their negative and pessimistic thoughts so those thoughts can be examined to determine how realistic they actually are.Dr.Calhoun is using a(n) ____ approach.

Sharya believes that people's patterns of thoughts and judgments motivate them to behave in certain ways.Sharya's views are most consistent with the ____ approach to psychology.

Erick is a psychologist who depends on methods and strategies from more than one discipline of psychology.In other words,Erick takes a(n) ____ approach to the study of psychology.

A psychologist with a humanistic approach would state that behavior is driven by ____.

Adzure and Anton are identical twins,each born with a special ability.Adzure is able to dispense two aspirin from the bottle without any difficulty.Anton is able to find mates-easily and often.According to natural selection,if all other attributes are equal,who is more likely to survive,and why?

Hank the hummingbird has been isolated since birth.When he is released into the company of an attractive female hummingbird,he almost immediately begins the courtship ritual.Hank's behavior shows that ____.

During lunch,Tara says,"I am reading this book called On the Origin of Species,and the author has some really bizarre ideas about why we think and act as we do." Thom replies,"Yeah,I read that book.It was written by Charles Darwin.I liked the discussion on ____."

Within a scientific discipline,the focus of investigation is often cyclical in nature.In psychology,the cycle is represented by an emphasis on the study of in the 1880s and on the study of in the 1980s.

Six-year-old Jean hits another child and steals the child's lunch money.A psychologist who takes a psychodynamic approach would suggest that Jean ____.

Ogun was constantly fearful and tense.He went to a psychiatrist to receive treatment.Although Ogun expected to talk his problems over with the psychiatrist,the doctor talked only briefly to Ogun and prescribed a pill to help him relax.The doctor was treating Ogun with a ____ approach.

Aaron believes that drug abuse occurs because abusers produce more of certain brain chemicals and because they perceive drugs to be their salvation.Aaron advocates which two approaches in psychology?

A philosopher who claims that "life is directed by one's thoughts" would be stating a position most consistent with the ____ approach to psychology.

Jorie thinks that the attention her little brother gets when he has tantrums actually encourages him to have more tantrums.Jorie's explanation is based on a____ approach.

Dr.Allera studies how brain activity is related to depressed and anxious behavior in college students.Dr.Allera probably takes the ____ approach to psychology.

Researchers have found that infants may have an innate ability to respond to faces.These researchers suggest that an interest in human faces may have developed because it helps newborns focus on their only source of food and care.These researchers are most likely following a(n) ____ approach.