Question 1

Edward and his team develop architectural designs for university residence halls.The goal of their designs is to promote collaborative learning among students while maintaining a sense of individual privacy and comfort.To ensure his plans will meet his goals,Edward has most likely consulted with a(n)____ psychologist.
A) personality
B) environmental
C) community
D) industrial and organizational

Accepted Answer

An environmental psychologist would be the best choice as they specialize in understanding how the physical environment affects individuals' behavior and well-being. They could provide insight on how to design the university residence halls to promote collaborative learning while still giving students privacy and comfort.

Question 2

Although psychology contains diverse subfields and approaches,two factors provide unity.One of these factors is that ____.
A) psychologists' interests, activities, and values are not unified
B) every psychologist performs research in many subfields of psychology
C) psychologists in every subfield draw on and contribute to knowledge from other subfields
D) psychologists use speculative methods instead of empirical methods

Accepted Answer

Although psychologists may have different interests and activities, they typically draw on and contribute to knowledge from other subfields. This helps to create a unified understanding of the field of psychology as a whole. The other answer choices are incorrect because psychologists do not necessarily perform research in every subfield, their interests and values are not always unified, and they do not exclusively use speculative methods.

Question 3

Scientific psychology is empirical because it relies on information from ____.
A) experience and observation
B) deductive reasoning
C) reflection
D) mathematical proofs

Accepted Answer

Scientific psychology relies on empirical data, which is collected through experience and observation. This means that psychologists use the scientific method to collect data and test their hypotheses, rather than relying on deductive reasoning or mathematical proofs alone. Reflection may play a part in the scientific process, but it is not the primary source of data in scientific psychology.

Question 4

J.B.,a tennis player,finds it difficult to concentrate when playing against a higher ranked opponent.Whom should J.B.hire to help him focus his attention?
A) A cognitive psychologist
B) A sport psychologist
C) An environmentalpsychologist
D) A personalitypsychologist

Accepted Answer

A sport psychologist specializes in helping athletes with mental skills such as focus, concentration, and confidence. They can specifically address the issue of J.B.'s difficulty in concentrating when playing against a higher ranked opponent. Cognitive psychologists deal with general mental processes, environmental psychologists focus on the relationship between people and their environment, and personality psychologists study individual differences in behavior and thought. While these fields may touch on aspects of sports psychology, they are not as specialized in addressing J.B.'s issue as a sport psychologist would be.

Question 5

Julene is applying to graduate school in psychology.She wants to study ways to test children for learning disabilities so that they can be placed into special education programs.Julene should apply to graduate programs that specialize in ____ psychology.
A) developmental
B) school
C) human factors
D) cognitive

Accepted Answer

School psychology is a specialized field within psychology that focuses on assessing and treating children's educational and developmental needs. School psychologists are uniquely trained to test for and diagnose learning disabilities and develop appropriate intervention plans. This aligns with Julene's research interests in testing children for learning disabilities for placement in special education programs. While other areas of psychology may touch on aspects of this work, such as developmental or cognitive psychology, school psychology is the most closely related and specific field for her interests. Human factors psychology is a different subfield that focuses on the interaction between humans and technology or workplace environments, which is not directly relevant to Julene's research goals.

Question 6

Dr.McGufficke's research indicates that twenty minutes of exercise done three times a week positively affects people's emotions as well as their overall fitness.Dr.McGufficke is a(n)____ psychologist.
A) cognitive
B) developmental
C) health
D) industrial and organizational

Accepted Answer

Dr. McGufficke's research focuses on the effects of exercise on people's physical health and emotions, indicating that they are a health psychologist.

Question 7

Dr.Bothwell's research finds a correlation between frequency of touching another person during conversations and perceived attractiveness of the person doing the touching.You would most likely find Dr.Bothwell's work reported in a journal that publishes research in ____ psychology.
A) biological
B) developmental
C) personality
D) social

Accepted Answer

Dr. Bothwell's research focuses on social behavior, specifically the correlation between touching behavior and perceived attractiveness. Therefore, his work is most likely published in a social psychology journal.

Question 8

To attempt to discover why some adolescents begin using drugs and alcohol,a social psychologist would most likely study the ____.
A) effects of peer pressure and the influence of media role models on adolescents' decision-making processes
B) internal conflicts and struggles within substance-abusing adolescents
C) chromosomal pattern of substance abusers to determine if there is a genetic predisposition to substance abuse
D) personality profile of adolescents engaged in substance abuse

Accepted Answer

Social psychologists are interested in how social factors influence behavior, so they would be most likely to study how peer pressure and media role models affect the decision-making processes of adolescents in relation to drug and alcohol use. While B, C, and D are also relevant factors to consider in understanding substance abuse, they are not the primary focus of social psychology.

Question 9

Lola is conducting research on the intersection of psychology and law.Specifically,she wants to know how eyewitness testimony can be affected by the way that police officers and attorneys phrase their questions.Lola is interested in the ____ subfield of psychology.
A) clinical
B) developmental
C) forensic
D) cognitive

Accepted Answer

Forensic psychology focuses on the intersection of psychology and law, including eyewitness testimony and how it can be affected by questioning from legal professionals. Clinical psychology focuses on mental health disorders, developmental psychology focuses on human growth and development, and cognitive psychology focuses on thinking processes and mental abilities.

Question 10

Dr.Branaman's study investigates the relationship between offices with large windows and workers' productivity.Dr.Branaman is most likely a(n)____ psychologist.
A) educational
B) counseling
C) environmental
D) community

Accepted Answer

Dr. Branaman is studying the relationship between the physical environment (large windows in offices) and workers' productivity, making them an environmental psychologist.

Question 11

The tasks of a(n)____ psychologist include improving supervisors' leadership skills,creating maximum-efficiency work groups,and suggesting other research-based programs designed to increase efficiency.
A) industrial and organizational
B) clinical
C) experimental
D) developmental

Accepted Answer

The tasks listed are all within the domain of industrial and organizational psychology, which focuses on applying psychological principles to workplace settings in order to improve efficiency and productivity. Clinical psychology focuses on diagnosing and treating mental illness, experimental psychology involves conducting research studies, and developmental psychology focuses on the study of human growth and development across the lifespan, none of which are directly related to the tasks listed.

Question 12

As an undergraduate psychology major,Carl has developed a strong desire to study behavior and mental processes,in particular human performance.During an internship at a local business,Carl is intrigued with how a manager's interpersonal style can affect the workers' motivation.The field of ____ psychology would be most applicable to Carl's interests.
A) personality
B) industrial and organizational
C) cognitive
D) educational

Accepted Answer

Industrial and organizational psychology focuses on understanding human behavior in the workplace, including examining how managers can affect worker motivation and productivity. This aligns with Carl's interests in studying the impact of a manager's interpersonal style on workers. Personality psychology focuses on individual differences in personality traits and characteristics, while cognitive psychology focuses on mental processes such as perception, memory, and attention. Educational psychology is concerned with the study of how individuals learn in educational settings. While all of these fields may be relevant to some aspect of Carl's interests, industrial and organizational psychology is the most directly applicable.

Question 13

The difference between a school psychologist and an educational psychologist is that a school psychologist ____.
A) is more likely to conduct research on effective curricula
B) focuses on how community programs are likely to lead to academic achievement
C) is more directly involved with individual students
D) has little involvement with students' mental health problems

Accepted Answer

A school psychologist is more directly involved with individual students, providing support for academic, behavioral, and mental health issues. An educational psychologist, on the other hand, tends to focus more on research and development of effective educational strategies, often working at the policy level rather than directly with students. Therefore, option C is the correct choice.

Question 14

For the summer,Hailey obtains an assistant position for a research team of health psychologists.The focus of their research will most likely investigate the relationship between____.
A) genetic and environmental influences on major depression
B) coping with cancer and the effect on family relationships
C) resilience and the presence of strong neighborhood communities
D) creativity and the cognitive process that underlie it

Accepted Answer

Health psychology often examines how psychological factors affect health and illness, including how people cope with diseases like cancer and the impact on family dynamics.

Question 15

Chandra has gathered data from several studies investigating the relative effects of heredity and environment on an individual's level of well-being.Chandra uses various statistical methods on the data in hopes of finding significant results.Chandra must be a ____ psychologist.
A) quantitative
B) human factors
C) forensic
D) cognitive

Accepted Answer

Chandra is using statistical methods to analyze data, which is a characteristic of quantitative psychology. Human factors psychology focuses on designing products and systems that are user-friendly, while forensic psychology pertains to legal issues, and cognitive psychology examines mental processes such as perception, memory, and decision making. None of these fields are directly applicable to Chandra's research.

Question 16

As a biological psychologist,Dr.Arztoften collaborates with his colleagues in the fields of genetics,computer science,and neurophysiology.These researchers from different disciplines all work within the larger field of ____.
A) neuroscience
B) psychoneuroimmunology
C) communitypsychology
D) physiologicalpsychology

Accepted Answer

The collaboration between researchers from genetics, computer science, and neurophysiology in the field of biological psychology suggests a focus on the study of nervous system functioning, which is the central concern of neuroscience. Psychoneuroimmunology also involves the study of the nervous system, but specifically in relation to the immune system, and community psychology is a broader field concerned with how environmental and social factors impact mental health. Physiological psychology is closely related to neuroscience and may be used interchangeably with biological psychology, but it doesn't account for the interdisciplinary collaboration described in the scenario.

Question 17

A high profile murder has taken place in the town of Rolling River.At the criminal trial,a ____psychologist testifies that the defendant fits the profile for the crime committed.
A) social
B) forensic
C) experimental
D) biological

Accepted Answer

A forensic psychologist specializes in applying psychological principles and theories to legal issues, especially in the criminal justice system. Therefore, a forensic psychologist would be the most appropriate expert to provide insights regarding the psychological profile of a defendant in a criminal trial. Social, experimental, and biological psychologists may not have the necessary expertise in forensic psychology to provide relevant testimony in a criminal trial.

Question 18

Camara just took a test that attempts to identify people who are likely to be honest and trustworthy employees.Camara's test was most likely created by a____ psychologist.
A) clinical
B) developmental
C) personality
D) cognitive

Accepted Answer

The test that attempts to identify people who are likely to be honest and trustworthy employees is related to personality psychology, which focuses on the study of personality traits, characteristics and behaviors that make individuals different from one another. Therefore, the most likely psychologist who created Camara's test is a personality psychologist.

Question 19

A psychologist who wants to know what relaxation techniques improve athletic ability is most likely a(n)____ psychologist.
A) experimental
B) biological
C) personality
D) sport

Accepted Answer

A psychologist who wants to know what relaxation techniques improve athletic ability is most likely a sport psychologist. Sport psychology involves the study of psychological factors that affect performance and participation in sports, exercise, and physical activity. This can include topics such as motivation, anxiety, stress, relaxation techniques, and imagery. Experimental psychology focuses on developing and testing theories of behavior using controlled experiments, biological psychology focuses on the biological basis of behavior and mental processes, and personality psychology is concerned with understanding the individual differences in personality characteristics. While these areas of psychology may overlap with sport psychology, they do not specifically address the relationship between psychological factors and athletic performance.

Question 20

A researcher interested in measuring characteristics such as agreeableness or openness to experience would probably be a ____ psychologist.
A) developmental
B) social
C) clinical
D) personality

Accepted Answer

Personality psychologists study individual differences in behaviors, thoughts, and emotions that make each individual unique. They are particularly interested in traits such as agreeableness and openness to experience, which are important dimensions of personality.

Quiz 1: Introduction to the Science of Psychology

Although psychology contains diverse subfields and approaches,two factors provide unity.One of these factors is that ____.

Scientific psychology is empirical because it relies on information from ____.

J.B.,a tennis player,finds it difficult to concentrate when playing against a higher ranked opponent.Whom should J.B.hire to help him focus his attention?

Julene is applying to graduate school in psychology.She wants to study ways to test children for learning disabilities so that they can be placed into special education programs.Julene should apply to graduate programs that specialize in ____ psychology.

Dr.McGufficke's research indicates that twenty minutes of exercise done three times a week positively affects people's emotions as well as their overall fitness.Dr.McGufficke is a(n) ____ psychologist.

Dr.Bothwell's research finds a correlation between frequency of touching another person during conversations and perceived attractiveness of the person doing the touching.You would most likely find Dr.Bothwell's work reported in a journal that publishes research in ____ psychology.

To attempt to discover why some adolescents begin using drugs and alcohol,a social psychologist would most likely study the ____.

Lola is conducting research on the intersection of psychology and law.Specifically,she wants to know how eyewitness testimony can be affected by the way that police officers and attorneys phrase their questions.Lola is interested in the ____ subfield of psychology.

Dr.Branaman's study investigates the relationship between offices with large windows and workers' productivity.Dr.Branaman is most likely a(n) ____ psychologist.

The tasks of a(n) ____ psychologist include improving supervisors' leadership skills,creating maximum-efficiency work groups,and suggesting other research-based programs designed to increase efficiency.

The difference between a school psychologist and an educational psychologist is that a school psychologist ____.

For the summer,Hailey obtains an assistant position for a research team of health psychologists.The focus of their research will most likely investigate the relationship between____.

Chandra has gathered data from several studies investigating the relative effects of heredity and environment on an individual's level of well-being.Chandra uses various statistical methods on the data in hopes of finding significant results.Chandra must be a ____ psychologist.

As a biological psychologist,Dr.Arztoften collaborates with his colleagues in the fields of genetics,computer science,and neurophysiology.These researchers from different disciplines all work within the larger field of ____.

A high profile murder has taken place in the town of Rolling River.At the criminal trial,a ____psychologist testifies that the defendant fits the profile for the crime committed.

Camara just took a test that attempts to identify people who are likely to be honest and trustworthy employees.Camara's test was most likely created by a____ psychologist.

A psychologist who wants to know what relaxation techniques improve athletic ability is most likely a(n) ____ psychologist.

A researcher interested in measuring characteristics such as agreeableness or openness to experience would probably be a ____ psychologist.