Question 1

The extensive form of horticulture in which the natural vegetation is cut,the slash is subsequently burned,and crops then planted among the ashes is known as _______________,which is also called slash-and-burn farming.
A)intensive agriculture
B)complex farming
C)simple agronomy
D)swidden farming
E)extensive cultivation

Accepted Answer

Swidden farming, also known as slash-and-burn farming, involves cutting the natural vegetation, burning the slash, and planting crops in the resulting soil. It is a form of extensive cultivation, as it involves clearing large areas of land for cultivation.

Question 2

The hunting and butchering of large game as well as the processing of hard or tough raw materials are almost universally _______________ occupations.
A)gender shared
B)female
C)stigmatized
D)respected
E)male

Accepted Answer

Across many different cultures and societies, the hunting and butchering of large game and processing of hard materials were traditionally male-dominated occupations. This is due to physical strength requirements and cultural norms.

Question 3

_______________ is the process organisms undergo to achieve a beneficial adjustment to a particular environment,which not only leads to biological changes in the organisms but also impacts their environment.
A)Accommodation
B)Acculturation
C)Adaptation
D)Assimilation
E)Incorporation

Accepted Answer

Adaptation is the process by which organisms undergo modifications to adjust to a specific environment. These changes may manifest as physical, behavioral, or physiological modifications that increase the organism's chances of survival and reproduction in its environment. Adaptive changes also have an impact on the affected organism's ecosystem. Accommodation refers to the process of adjusting to new circumstances, such as a change in living arrangements or relationships. Acculturation involves adapting to a new culture or culture shock, while assimilation involves the complete merging of one culture into another. Incorporation refers to the process of assimilating something into something else.

Question 4

One of the most significant characteristics of the food-producing way of life was the development of _______________.
A)permanent settlements
B)transient populations
C)skillful hunters
D)adept gathers
E)increased egalitarianism

Accepted Answer

The development of agriculture and the domestication of plants and animals allowed for a more reliable and consistent food source, which in turn allowed for the development of permanent settlements. Prior to this, populations were often transient, following the movement of wild game and edible plants.

Question 5

This group has a food taboo against the eating of cows.
A)Muslims
B)Hindus of southern Asia
C)North Americans
D)Jews
E)British

Accepted Answer

Hindus, particularly in southern Asia, follow a cultural and religious practice of not eating beef because they believe cows are sacred and represent wealth, strength, and maternal qualities.

Question 6

The cultivation of crops using hand tools such as digging sticks or hoes is a type of farming called ________________.
A)agriculture
B)slash-and-burn
C)horticulture
D)low-tech farming
E)pastoralism

Accepted Answer

The term for farming using hand tools is horticulture.

Question 7

The _______________ way of life is the oldest and most universal type of human adaptation.
A)pastoral
B)horticultural
C)food-foraging
D)food-producing
E)urban

Accepted Answer

Food-foraging, also known as hunting and gathering, is the oldest and most universal way of life for humans, dating back to the earliest known human societies. It involves gathering wild edible plants, hunting animals for food and utilizing natural resources for survival. Pastoralism, horticulture, and food-producing are more recent adaptations to human societies. Urbanization is associated with the development of cities and towns and is not a type of human adaptation.

Question 8

Mekranoti produces _____________ times more kilocalories of food a day than the United States food producer.
A)5
B)2
C)100
D)50
E)10

Accepted Answer

Mekranoti produces 5 times more kilocalories of food a day than the United States food producer.

Question 9

The red dye that the Mekranoti use for painting ornaments and people's bodies is _______________.
A)papaya
B)achiote
C)India ink
D)capybara
E)barbasco

Accepted Answer

Achiote is a natural red dye commonly used by indigenous people in the Amazon rainforest, including the Mekranoti. Papaya is a fruit and not commonly used as a dye. India ink is a black pigment and not a red dye. Capybara is an animal and not relevant to the question. Barbasco is a plant used for medicinal purposes and not commonly used as a dye.

Question 10

_______________ introduced the term Neolithic revolution to refer to the profound culture change associated with domestication of plants and animals.
A)Franz Boas
B)Stephen Jay Gould
C)Jane Goodall
D)Gordon Childe
E)James G.Frazer

Accepted Answer

Gordon Childe, an Australian archaeologist, coined the term Neolithic revolution in the 1940s to describe the transition from hunting and gathering to farming that occurred around 10,000 years ago. This period of cultural change is characterized by the domestication of plants and animals and the development of agricultural techniques, leading to the rise of settled societies and the beginning of civilization.

Question 11

Three years after planting their gardens,the Mekranoti are left with only _______________.
A)manioc
B)sweet potatoes
C)pineapple
D)tobacco
E)bananas

Accepted Answer

The answer of Three years after planting their gardens,the Mekranoti...

Question 12

In cultural evolution,the development of similar adaptations to similar environmental conditions by different peoples with different ancestral cultures is known as _______________ evolution.
A)parallel
B)convergent
C)complementary
D)consistent
E)integrative

Accepted Answer

Convergent evolution refers to the development of similar adaptations in different species or populations due to similar environmental pressures, without necessarily having similar ancestral backgrounds. This concept can also be applied to cultural evolution, where different human populations can develop similar cultural traits in response to similar environmental pressures, such as developing agricultural practices in areas with fertile soils or domesticating animals in areas with suitable fauna.

Question 13

Early food producers have developed several major crop complexes.What are they?
A)was a stratified society based on achievement and education
B)was an urbanized society in which kinship played no role in determining status
C)was an industrial city-state
D)was invincible to Cortes' attack
E)two adapted to dry uplands and two adapted to tropical wetlands

Accepted Answer

The question is asking about major crop complexes developed by early food producers. The statement "two adapted to dry uplands and two adapted to tropical wetlands" refers to the four major crop complexes that emerged independently in different parts of the world: (1) the Eastern Hemisphere crop complex, which includes wheat and barley adapted to dry uplands; (2) the Mesoamerican crop complex, which includes maize and beans adapted to tropical wetlands; (3) the Andean crop complex, which includes potatoes and quinoa adapted to high-altitude regions; and (4) the tropical Asian crop complex, which includes rice and millet adapted to flooded lowlands. Therefore, option E is the best choice as it accurately describes the four major crop complexes.

Question 14

An important characteristic of the food-foraging society is its _______________.
A)competitiveness
B)egalitarianism
C)aggressiveness
D)flamboyance
E)permanent settlements

Accepted Answer

Egalitarianism is the belief in equality between people, and this is a characteristic of food-foraging societies. In these societies, resources are typically shared equally among members, and there is not a strong hierarchy or inequality. Competitiveness, aggressiveness, and flamboyance are not necessarily characteristic of food-foraging societies. Permanent settlements are also not typical, as these societies often move around to follow sources of food.

Question 15

With urbanization came a sharp increase in the tempo of human cultural change.Which of the following occurred with urbanization?
A)the wheel and the sail were invented
B)monumental buildings were constructed
C)writing was invented
D)trade intensified and expanded
E)all of the above

Accepted Answer

With urbanization, there was an increase in technological innovation and specialization, which led to the invention of the wheel and the sail. Monumental buildings were also constructed to showcase power and authority, and writing was invented to keep records and create administrative systems. All these developments created a conducive environment for trade to intensify and expand, leading to economic growth and cultural exchange. Therefore, all the options mentioned in the question occurred with urbanization.

Question 16

The transition from food foraging to food production first took place about _______________ years ago in _______________.
A)15,000/Nile River region
B)5,000/Tigris Euphrates area
C)10,000/Southwest Asia
D)7,000/the Highlands of Mesoamerica
E)3,000/Yangtze River Valley

Accepted Answer

The transition from food foraging to food production first took place approximately 10,000 years ago in Southwest Asia, specifically in the Fertile Crescent. This region includes parts of modern-day Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran, and is known for its favorable conditions for the domestication of plants and animals. It is here that some of the earliest examples of agriculture and animal domestication have been found.

Question 17

The concept that states humans are moving forward to a better,more advanced stage in their cultural development is called _______________.
A)advancement
B)evolution
C)progress
D)success
E)convergence

Accepted Answer

The concept of progress is the idea that humans are constantly improving and moving forward in their cultural, social, and technological development. It suggests that societies are capable of improving and advancing over time. The other choices are not as specific or directly related to cultural development.

Question 18

In anthropology,geographic regions where a number of societies have similar ways of life are known as ________________.
A)social areas
B)comparable places
C)parallel life styles
D)convergent cultures
E)culture areas

Accepted Answer

Culture areas are regions where societies share similar ways of life, including aspects of their social, economic, and religious institutions, as well as their artistic and linguistic traditions. This concept is used in anthropology to help understand the patterns of cultural diversity and similarity across different parts of the world. Examples of culture areas include the Arctic, the Southwest, and the Pacific Islands.

Question 19

Which of the following have a food taboo against eating horsemeat?
A)British
B)Jews
C)Muslims
D)Hindus
E)North Americans

Accepted Answer

Horsemeat is generally taboo in British culture, largely due to historical and cultural reasons.

Question 20

In what country do we find the Mekranoti?
A)Namibia
B)Australia
C)Venezuela
D)Brazil
E)Paraguay

Accepted Answer

Mekranoti is a tribe located in the Amazon rainforest of Brazil.

Quiz 7: Patterns of Subsistence

The extensive form of horticulture in which the natural vegetation is cut,the slash is subsequently burned,and crops then planted among the ashes is known as _______________,which is also called slash-and-burn farming.

The hunting and butchering of large game as well as the processing of hard or tough raw materials are almost universally _______________ occupations.

_______________ is the process organisms undergo to achieve a beneficial adjustment to a particular environment,which not only leads to biological changes in the organisms but also impacts their environment.

One of the most significant characteristics of the food-producing way of life was the development of _______________.

This group has a food taboo against the eating of cows.

The cultivation of crops using hand tools such as digging sticks or hoes is a type of farming called ________________.

The _______________ way of life is the oldest and most universal type of human adaptation.

Mekranoti produces _____________ times more kilocalories of food a day than the United States food producer.

The red dye that the Mekranoti use for painting ornaments and people's bodies is _______________.

_______________ introduced the term Neolithic revolution to refer to the profound culture change associated with domestication of plants and animals.

Three years after planting their gardens,the Mekranoti are left with only _______________.

In cultural evolution,the development of similar adaptations to similar environmental conditions by different peoples with different ancestral cultures is known as _______________ evolution.

Early food producers have developed several major crop complexes.What are they?

An important characteristic of the food-foraging society is its _______________.

With urbanization came a sharp increase in the tempo of human cultural change.Which of the following occurred with urbanization?

The transition from food foraging to food production first took place about _ years ago in _.

The concept that states humans are moving forward to a better,more advanced stage in their cultural development is called _______________.

In anthropology,geographic regions where a number of societies have similar ways of life are known as ________________.

Which of the following have a food taboo against eating horsemeat?

In what country do we find the Mekranoti?