Question 1

Observational learning is important from a practical standpoint because
A) it offers a way to instruct complex behaviours in those instances in which shaping is not feasible.
B) it alerts us to the potential effect of media aggression on human behaviour.
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Accepted Answer

Observational learning is crucial because it allows for the acquisition of complex behaviors without direct experience, and it highlights the influence of media aggression on behavior, making both A and B correct.

Question 2

According to one study, players of violent video games were more likely to have:
A) reduced academic achievement.
B) behaved aggressively.
C) been involved in delinquent behaviours.
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that exposure to violent video games is linked to increased aggression in players, which can manifest as aggressive behavior, involvement in delinquent activities, and potentially impact academic achievement negatively due to these behavioral issues.

Question 3

By which of the following mechanisms might exposure to media violence contribute to an increase in real-life aggressive behaviour?
A) It may lower inhibitions against performing aggressive acts.
B) It may predispose one to view others' behaviour as aggressive, even when it is not.
C) It may desensitize one to violence.
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

Exposure to media violence can contribute to an increase in real-life aggressive behavior through several mechanisms: it may lower inhibitions against performing aggressive acts, predispose individuals to view others' behavior as aggressive even when it is not, and desensitize individuals to violence.

Question 4

While Watson and Raynor showed that classical conditioning can be used to evoke fear, researchers from McGill University found that classical conditioning can impact which of the following?
A) personality
B) self-esteem
C) aggressive behaviour
D) fear

Accepted Answer

The answer of While Watson and Raynor showed that classical...

Question 5

Which prominent psychologist worked in advertising after leaving the university where he conducted the famous Little Albert experiment?
A) Skinner
B) Pavlov
C) Watson
D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

John B. Watson, after his academic career and the famous Little Albert experiment, worked in advertising, applying psychological principles to advertising strategies.

Question 6

What did Dr. Jonathan Freedman from the University of Toronto determine was true regarding exposure to media violence and violent behaviour?
A) Exposure to media violence causes violent behaviour
B) Exposure to media violence does not cause violent behaviour
C) Exposure to media violence causes violent behaviour about 50% of the time
D) More research needs to be completed to determine the effects media violence has on violent behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Jonathan Freedman from the University of Toronto concluded that exposure to media violence does not cause violent behaviour. His research and analysis of existing studies found insufficient evidence to support the claim that media violence directly leads to real-world violence.

Question 7

The term _________ refers to a relatively permanent change in behaviour resulting from experience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term _________ refers to a relatively...

Question 8

Adaptation refers to the diminished response of sensory receptors after prolonged stimulation. Similarly, __________ is a decline in the behavioural response following repeated exposure to the same stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adaptation refers to the diminished response of...

Question 9

In Pavlov's study, the bell is both a __________ and a __________ stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Pavlov's study, the bell is both...

Question 10

Along with Rosalie Rayner, _________ demonstrated the conditioning of fear in an 11-month-old infant.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Along with Rosalie Rayner, _________ demonstrated the...

Question 11

Irrational fears called _________ are thought to be caused by classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Irrational fears called _________ are thought to...

Question 12

According to Skinner's principle of __________, the emphasis is on forming associations betweenbehaviour and consequences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Skinner's principle of __________, the...

Question 13

__________ is defined as increase in the probability of a behaviour following the delivery of astimulus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is defined as increase in the...

Question 14

________ reinforcers satisfy a biological need.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ reinforcers satisfy a biological need....

Question 15

The likelihood that a previous response will occur again is decreased by _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The likelihood that a previous response will...

Question 16

A researcher examines the speed with which participants acquire an association between a neutral stimulus and a pleasant facial expression on the one hand or a hostile expression on the other. In such an investigation, facial expression is the _________ variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher examines the speed with which...

Question 17

Researchers from McGill University found that participants who were exposed to smiling faces had________ levels of implicit self-esteem compared to participants who were not exposed to the smilingfaces.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers from McGill University found that participants...

Question 18

Dr. Jeffery Rosenthal from the University of Toronto suggests your chances of winning Lotto 649 are about 1 in __ million.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Jeffery Rosenthal from the University of...

Question 19

Observational learning research suggests that seeing others reinforced for particular behaviours may encourage our own acquisition of similar behaviours. To what extent is exposure to media violence associated with the acquisition of aggressive behaviour? Support your answer with reference to empirical research. Describe two or three specific mechanisms by which exposure to media violence might increase the likelihood of aggressive behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Observational learning research suggests that seeing others...

Quiz 5: Conditioning, Reinforcement, Punishment, and Learning

Observational learning is important from a practical standpoint because

According to one study, players of violent video games were more likely to have:

By which of the following mechanisms might exposure to media violence contribute to an increase in real-life aggressive behaviour?

While Watson and Raynor showed that classical conditioning can be used to evoke fear, researchers from McGill University found that classical conditioning can impact which of the following?

Which prominent psychologist worked in advertising after leaving the university where he conducted the famous Little Albert experiment?

What did Dr. Jonathan Freedman from the University of Toronto determine was true regarding exposure to media violence and violent behaviour?