Question 1

A chemical that is secreted by a cell to act on cells in its immediate vicinity is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A chemical that is secreted by a...

Question 2

A gap junction forms when opposing membrane-spanning proteins called ________ on two adjacent cells unite, creating a protein channel that is capable of opening and closing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A gap junction forms when opposing membrane-spanning...

Question 3

All molecules secreted by nerve cells (neuromodulators, neurotransmitters, and neurohormones)are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All molecules secreted by nerve cells (neuromodulators,...

Question 4

If the concentration of an endocrine ligand decreases, the target cell may insert more receptors into the cell membrane in an attempt to keep its response at a normal level, in a process known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the concentration of an endocrine ligand...

Question 5

A few gases are known to act as signal molecules, including ________, ________, and ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A few gases are known to act...

Question 6

Before nitric oxide was identified, its action was observed in ________ and it was given the name ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Before nitric oxide was identified, its action...

Question 7

To maintain ________, the body uses a combination of simple diffusion across small distances; wide spread distribution of molecules through the circulatory system and rapid, specific delivery of messages by the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To maintain ________, the body uses a...

Question 8

Match the term with its description:
-the organ or gland that performs the change
A)threshold
B)effector
C)integrating center
D)setpoint
E)sensory receptor

Accepted Answer

Effector refers to the organ or gland that performs the change in response to the signal from the integrating center.

Answer: C
 Integrating center is the part of the nervous system that receives and processes the information from the sensory receptor and sends output signals to the effector.

Answer: E
 Sensory receptor is a specialized cell that responds to a specific stimulus and converts it into a signal that can be interpreted by the nervous system.

Note: Threshold and setpoint are not directly related to the organ or gland that performs the change. Threshold refers to the minimum stimulus required to produce a response, while setpoint refers to the desired or target level of a physiological variable that the body strives to maintain.

Question 9

Many second messenger systems activate ________, enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein.The phosphorylation of proteins sets off a series of intracellular events that lead to the ultimate cellular response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many second messenger systems activate ________, enzymes...

Question 10

________ is a process by which an extracellular signal molecule, called the ________, activates a membrane receptor that in turn alters intracellular molecules, called the ________, to create a response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is a process by which an...

Question 11

Match the term with its description:
-the minimum stimulus to trigger a response
A)threshold
B)effector
C)integrating center
D)setpoint
E)sensory receptor

Accepted Answer

The term "threshold" refers to the minimum stimulus required to trigger a response.

Answer: B
 The term "effector" refers to a muscle or gland that responds to stimulation and produces a desired effect.

Answer: C
 The term "integrating center" refers to a region of the nervous system that processes information from sensory receptors and sends out commands to effectors based on that information.

Answer: D
 The term "setpoint" refers to the desired or target value for a physiological variable, such as body temperature or blood glucose level.

Answer: E
 The term "sensory receptor" refers to specialized cells or structures that detect changes (stimuli) in the internal or external environment and transmit that information to the nervous system.

Question 12

The ________ link membrane receptors to either ion channels or to membrane enzymes located on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ link membrane receptors to either...

Question 13

Lipid signal molecules that act in a paracrine fashion and combine with G-protein coupled receptors include ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lipid signal molecules that act in a...

Question 14

The nervous system has a role in preserving the "fitness" of the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nervous system has a role in...

Question 15

________ are molecules that bind to the receptor in such a way that they block the normal ligand from binding and turning the receptor on.As a result, the signal pathway remains inactive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ are molecules that bind to the...

Question 16

________ can be caused by alterations in receptors or by problems with G protein or second messenger pathways.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ can be caused by alterations in...

Question 17

If the signal molecule acts on the cell that secreted it, the chemical is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the signal molecule acts on the...

Question 18

Peripheral cells sensitive to the presence of hormones are called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Peripheral cells sensitive to the presence of...

Question 19

Match the term with its description:
-continuously monitors its environment for a specific variable
A)threshold
B)effector
C)integrating center
D)setpoint
E)sensory receptor

Accepted Answer

A sensory receptor continuously monitors its environment for a specific variable.

Other terms:
- A threshold is the level at which a response is triggered.
- An effector is a muscle, gland or organ that responds to a signal from the nervous system. 
- An integrating center receives information from sensory receptors, and sends signals to effectors to bring about a response.
- A setpoint is the ideal or target level for a variable, around which the body tries to maintain homeostasis.

Question 20

Explain how epinephrine can cause intestinal blood vessels to constrict and cause skeletal muscle blood vessels to dilate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how epinephrine can cause intestinal blood...

Quiz 6: Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

A chemical that is secreted by a cell to act on cells in its immediate vicinity is called a(n)________.

A gap junction forms when opposing membrane-spanning proteins called ________ on two adjacent cells unite, creating a protein channel that is capable of opening and closing.

All molecules secreted by nerve cells (neuromodulators, neurotransmitters, and neurohormones)are known as ________.

If the concentration of an endocrine ligand decreases, the target cell may insert more receptors into the cell membrane in an attempt to keep its response at a normal level, in a process known as ________.

A few gases are known to act as signal molecules, including , , and .

Before nitric oxide was identified, its action was observed in and it was given the name .

To maintain ________, the body uses a combination of simple diffusion across small distances; wide spread distribution of molecules through the circulatory system and rapid, specific delivery of messages by the nervous system.

Match the term with its description: -the organ or gland that performs the change

Many second messenger systems activate ________, enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein.The phosphorylation of proteins sets off a series of intracellular events that lead to the ultimate cellular response.

is a process by which an extracellular signal molecule, called the , activates a membrane receptor that in turn alters intracellular molecules, called the , to create a response.

Match the term with its description: -the minimum stimulus to trigger a response