Question 1

Studies of color preferences showed that women across countries tend to choose and like _____________compared to other colors.
A) reddish hues, such as pink
B) blue and red colors
C) greenish hues, such as olive
D) yellow and red colors
E) violet hues, such as lilac

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that women tend to prefer reddish hues, such as pink, over other colors. This is thought to be due to cultural associations with femininity and/or biological factors such as higher sensitivity to red light.

Question 2

Some psychologists suggest that shamanic practices involving ritualistic trance influence ____________
A) the brain's serotonin and opioid neurotransmitter systems
B) an individual's hormonal system
C) immune system and resistance to stress
D) an individual's reaction time
E) an individual's time perception

Accepted Answer

Shamanic practices involving ritualistic trance have been shown to affect the brain's serotonin and opioid neurotransmitter systems, leading to altered states of consciousness and possible therapeutic effects on mental health.

Question 3

People in monophasic cultures tend to interpret their dreams as:
A) indirect indication of the dreamer's concerns
B) fairy tales coming out of the unconscious mind
C) mild mental disorders
D) a special kind of mental problems
E) signs of demonic possession

Accepted Answer

In monophasic cultures, dreams are typically interpreted as indirect indications of the dreamer's concerns. This view is based on the belief that dreams are connected to the waking world and are influenced by the dreamer's experiences, emotions, and psychological state. Dream interpretation is often seen as a way to access hidden or unconscious aspects of the self and gain insight into one's life.

Question 4

Which part of the brain, according to M. Persinger, is closely associated with so-called God experiences?
A) Cerebellum
B) Frontal lobe
C) Temporal lobe
D) Parietal lobe
E) Spinal Cord

Accepted Answer

M. Persinger suggests that the temporal lobe, which is located on the sides of the brain above the ears, is closely associated with so-called God experiences. This area of the brain is responsible for processing sensory information such as sight, sound, and smell, and is also linked to memory and emotions. Dysfunction in this area has been associated with religious and spiritual experiences, including visions, feelings of divine presence, and even religious ecstasy.

Question 5

In many non-Western musical traditions the idea of the note, as a stable, sustained pitch is foreign.

Accepted Answer

Many non-Western musical traditions use microtones, glides, and other pitch inflections that do not fit the Western concept of the stable, sustained note.

Question 6

Individuals from polyphasic cultures are more likely to value dreams and treat them as part of reality.

Accepted Answer

In polyphasic cultures, there is a belief that dreams come from other dimensions or the spirit world and can provide important messages or guidance. Therefore, dreams are often taken seriously and considered a part of reality.

Question 7

Cross-cultural psychology provides compelling evidence that sensory differences (differences in the way people hear, smell, see, etc.) between cultures are insignificant.

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural psychology has shown that sensory differences do exist between cultures, such as differences in taste preferences and visual perception.

Question 8

Research suggests that residents of large metropolitan cities, in general, tend to be more susceptible to near-death and other out of body experiences.

Accepted Answer

Research does not suggest that residents of large metropolitan cities are more susceptible to near-death and other out-of-body experiences. These experiences are more related to individual circumstances, health conditions, and traumatic events rather than the size of the city someone lives in.

Question 9

The compensation hypothesis, involving sensory differences between African and European cultures, has not been supported by compelling empirical data.

Accepted Answer

The statement correctly states that the compensation hypothesis has not been supported by compelling empirical data.

Question 10

When examining the effects of food and water deprivation on word identification, researchers found that deprivation did not alter the identification of need-related words.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that deprivation (such as food and water deprivation) can actually increase the cognitive salience of need-related stimuli, meaning that individuals are more likely to quickly and accurately identify words related to their specific deprivation (e.g., food-related words if they are hungry).

Question 11

As individuals age, they frequently assert that time runs faster than it did when they were young. However, this observation has not been empirically validated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As individuals age, they frequently assert that...

Question 12

There is a popular perception about the main attributes of Western consciousness as being linear, pragmatic, and rational.

Accepted Answer

This is a commonly held perception about Western consciousness, characterized by a focus on logic, order, and science.

Question 13

Individuals from monophasic cultures are less inclined to incorporate dreams into their perception and daily experiences.

Accepted Answer

Monophasic cultures value linear time and productivity, which may lead to a devaluation of dream experiences as they are seen as non-productive and not aligned with the waking world.

Question 14

In the dream study conducted on a sample of Zulu South Africans, subjects with less education were more likely to consult with dream interpreters and act in response to dreams than were their more educated counterparts.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true based on the information provided in the sentence.

Question 15

Numerous experiments have demonstrated that people have generally more difficulty judging about pictures of faces of other ethnic groups compared to faces of their own group.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the cross-race effect or own-race bias, where people are better at recognizing and remembering faces from their own ethnic or racial group compared to faces from other groups. This has been demonstrated in many studies in psychology and neurobiology.

Question 16

Studies show that people, including residents of big cities, are substantiallyslower and less accurate at visually detecting animals compared to non-living objects such as moving cars.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that people, including residents of big cities, are actually faster and more accurate at visually detecting animals compared to non-living objects, which is thought to be an evolutionary adaptation.

Question 17

Studies show that people from Asian cultures including China, Japan, and Korea, pay more attention to the center of pictures than people from Western cultures who pay more attention to contexts and backgrounds of pictures.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that people from East Asian cultures, including China, Japan, and Korea, tend to pay more attention to context and backgrounds in pictures, whereas people from Western cultures focus more on central objects or figures.

Question 18

In Taiwan, the official calendar starts in 1912, the year of the founding of the Republic of China.

Accepted Answer

This is correct, as the Republic of China was founded in 1912 and Taiwan was under its jurisdiction at that time. Therefore, the official calendar used in Taiwan is based on the founding of the Republic of China in 1912.

Question 19

Ian Spence and his colleagues found differences in men and women's ability to distinguish objects that appear in their field of vision. Men were are generally better at remembering and locating general landmarks in pictures, while women were are better at remembering and locating ________

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ian Spence and his colleagues found differences...

Question 20

What is the main psychological (cognitive) symptom of a visionary trance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the main psychological (cognitive) symptom...

Quiz 4: Cognition: Sensation, Perception, and States of Consciousness

Studies of color preferences showed that women across countries tend to choose and like _____________compared to other colors.

Some psychologists suggest that shamanic practices involving ritualistic trance influence ____________

People in monophasic cultures tend to interpret their dreams as:

Which part of the brain, according to M. Persinger, is closely associated with so-called God experiences?