Question 1

Applied research seeks to solve a clinical problem in which setting?
A) Controlled
B) Laboratory
C) Natural
D) Simulated

Accepted Answer

Applied research is used to solve problems, make decisions, or predict or control outcomes in real-life practice situations.
Clinical problems are seldom in controlled settings. Applied research is used to solve problems, make decisions, or predict or control outcomes in real-life practice situations.
Basic research is more likely to be found in a laboratory setting. Applied research is used to solve problems, make decisions, or predict or control outcomes in real-life practice situations.
Clinical problems occur in real-life settings. Applied research is used to solve problems, make decisions, or predict or control outcomes in real-life practice situations.

Question 2

Which of the following types of research involve at least a minor degree of control by the researcher to implement the study treatment?
A) Correlational
B) Descriptive
C) Experimental
D) Quasi-experimental

Accepted Answer

Quasi-experimental studies have less control than experimental studies, but they do exhibit some degree of control.
Correlational research investigates the relationship between or among variables.
Descriptive research is the exploration of phenomena in real-life situations.
Experimental research is an objective, systematic, highly controlled investigation for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena.

Question 3

What category or type of research is suggested by the following research question? "Does telephone follow-up by nurses improve patients' compliance with their medication regimens?"
A) Applied
B) Basic
C) Phenomenological
D) Quality assurance

Accepted Answer

Applied research involves research that is directly applicable to clinical practice.
Basic research is scientific investigation that involves the pursuit of "knowledge for knowledge's sake."
Phenomenological research studies the lived experience of individuals' specific response to a given situation.
Quality assurance does not involve an effort to make results useful to other locations and/or situations.

Question 4

A researcher designs a study that uses a random sampling method to decrease the likelihood of bias in the study sample. This strategy was used to implement:
A) control.
B) data collection.
C) experimental research.
D) manipulation.

Accepted Answer

Control involves the imposing of rules by the researcher to decrease the possibility of error and thus increase the probability that the study's findings are an accurate reflection of reality.
Data are collected from the sample, however, the sample is created.
Random sampling does not alone establish an experimental study.
Manipulation is when the researcher makes changes in the treatment received by the subjects.

Question 5

In which type of research is there high researcher control, random sampling, and controlled setting?
A) Descriptive
B) Correlational
C) Experimental
D) Quasi-experimental

Accepted Answer

Experimental design is considered the most powerful quantitative design because of the rigorous control of variables.
Descriptive research is the exploration of phenomena in real-life situations. Experimental design is considered the most powerful quantitative design because of the rigorous control of variables.
Correlational research investigates the relationship between or among variables. Experimental design is considered the most powerful quantitative design because of the rigorous control of variables.
Quasi-experimental studies have less control than experimental studies, but they do exhibit some degree of control. Experimental design is considered the most powerful quantitative design because of the rigorous control of variables.

Question 6

Pilot studies are done for which reason?
A) Conceptualize the project
B) Develop and refining a planned study
C) Generalize findings to a population
D) Identify gaps in knowledge

Accepted Answer

A pilot study is developed similarly to a proposed study to test the research process before implementation of the full study. This allows for development and refinement of the research plan.
The pilot study is based on the same methodology as the bigger project; it would already have been developed conceptually.
Usually pilot studies are conducted with small sample sizes, making them difficult to generalize.
Gaps in knowledge are not identified through pilot studies.

Question 7

A study analyzing the effect of exercise on diet control in Hispanic women with type II diabetes would most credibly be generalizable to which population?
A) All patients with type II diabetes
B) Hispanic patients with type II diabetes
C) Hispanic women with type II diabetes
D) Women with type II diabetes

Accepted Answer

Generalization is the extension of the implications of the research findings from the sample to a larger population.
The population that the sample represents does not include all patients with type II diabetes.
The population that the sample represents does not include all Hispanic patients with type II diabetes.
The population that the sample represents does not include all women patients with type II diabetes.

Question 8

A researcher is studying the relationship between age and involvement in social activities. This is what type of research?
A) Correlational
B) Descriptive
C) Quasi-experimental
D) Experimental

Accepted Answer

Correlational research investigates the relationship between or among variables.
Descriptive research is the exploration of phenomena in real-life situations. Correlational research investigates the relationship between or among variables.
Quasi-experimental research studies involve implementing a treatment. Correlational research investigates the relationship between or among variables.
Experimental research is an objective, systematic, highly controlled investigation for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena. Correlational research investigates the relationship between or among variables.

Question 9

The plan in the problem-solving process is equivalent to which step in the research process?
A) Design
B) Implementation
C) Outcomes
D) Problem identification

Accepted Answer

Design in the research process involves developing the plan or approach (methodology) for the research study.
Implementation is the same in all three processes.
Outcomes are equivalent to the evaluation step.
Problem identification is equivalent to problem and purpose identification.

Question 10

A researcher is interested in studying stress and coping in caregivers of elderly stroke victims. The researcher designs a study in which data collection takes place in the caregiver's home. This would be an example of which type of research setting?
A) Highly controlled, field
B) Highly controlled, laboratory
C) Natural, field
D) Partially controlled, laboratory

Accepted Answer

The setting is the location where a study is located. There are three common settings for conducting research: natural, partially controlled, and highly controlled. A natural setting, or field setting, is an uncontrolled, real-life situation or environment.
By collecting the data in the subject's own home, the researcher has little control over the setting. The setting is the location where a study is located. There are three common settings for conducting research: natural, partially controlled, and highly controlled. A natural setting, or field setting, is an uncontrolled, real-life situation or environment.
The subject's own home is not a laboratory setting. The setting is the location where a study is located. There are three common settings for conducting research: natural, partially controlled, and highly controlled. A natural setting, or field setting, is an uncontrolled, real-life situation or environment.
The subject's own home is not a laboratory setting. The setting is the location where a study is located. There are three common settings for conducting research: natural, partially controlled, and highly controlled. A natural setting, or field setting, is an uncontrolled, real-life situation or environment.

Question 11

Which of the following would identify the specific aim or goal of the study based on the identified problem?
A) Assumptions
B) Literature review
C) Methodology
D) Purpose

Accepted Answer

The research purpose is generated from the problem and identifies the specific goal or aim of the study.
Assumptions are ideas that the researcher has going into the study and influence certain aspects of the study. The research purpose is generated from the problem and identifies the specific goal or aim of the study.
The literature review determines the current status of knowledge on the subject. The research purpose is generated from the problem and identifies the specific goal or aim of the study.
The methodology is the plan for the way in which the study will be conducted. The research purpose is generated from the problem and identifies the specific goal or aim of the study.

Question 12

The research process differs from the nursing process on which of the following?
A) Has a broader focus
B) Identifies new information
C) Involves abstract, critical thinking
D) Uses complex thinking

Accepted Answer

The research process has a broader focus than the nursing process. In the research process, the researcher usually focuses on groups of patients and their families. In the nursing process, a nurse generally focuses on a specific patient and family.
Both processes may involve the creation of new knowledge. The research process has a broader focus than the nursing process. In the research process, the researcher usually focuses on groups of patients and their families. In the nursing process, a nurse generally focuses on a specific patient and family.
Both processes may involve abstract and critical thinking. The research process has a broader focus than the nursing process. In the research process, the researcher usually focuses on groups of patients and their families. In the nursing process, a nurse generally focuses on a specific patient and family.
Both processes may involve complex thinking. The research process has a broader focus than the nursing process. In the research process, the researcher usually focuses on groups of patients and their families. In the nursing process, a nurse generally focuses on a specific patient and family.

Question 13

The question "Is there a relationship between caffeine intake and intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma?" is an example of which type of research?
A) Basic
B) Correlational
C) Historical
D) Phenomenological

Accepted Answer

Correlational research investigates the relationship between or among variables.
Basic research is scientific investigation that involves the pursuit of "knowledge for knowledge's sake."
Historical research is a type of qualitative research.
Phenomenological research is a type of qualitative research.

Question 14

Before implementing a large, multisite research investigation, a researcher conducts a smaller study to identify any problematic areas in the planned study. This smaller study is known as a/an:
A) abstract.
B) exploratory design.
C) pilot study.
D) proposal.

Accepted Answer

A pilot study is frequently defined as a smaller version of a proposed study conducted to refine the methodology.
The abstract is a synopsis of the study found at the beginning of a research report.
Exploratory design is used when the total situation is unclear.
A proposal is a formal request to conduct a study; it can be submitted to obtain funds or get feedback on the study's methodology.

Question 15

A research problem is defined as a/an:
A) general area of concern requiring study.
B) intended or desired result of a specific action.
C) statement that specifically indicates the study focus.
D) topic of personal interest.

Accepted Answer

A research problem is an area of concern in which there is a gap in the knowledge base needed for nursing practice.
The research goal is the specific aim of the study. A research problem is an area of concern in which there is a gap in the knowledge base needed for nursing practice.
The research purpose specifically states the aim of the study. A research problem is an area of concern in which there is a gap in the knowledge base needed for nursing practice.
Although the researcher may have a personal interest in the topic, need for research is related to an area of concern for a particular population that requires investigation. A research problem is an area of concern in which there is a gap in the knowledge base needed for nursing practice.

Question 16

Which of the following definitions best describes rigor in quantitative research?
A) Amount of control and precision exerted by the methodology
B) Degree of aggressiveness used in acquiring the data
C) Process used to synthesize findings to form conclusions from a study
D) Time frame in which the research takes place

Accepted Answer

Rigor involves discipline, adherence to detail, and strict accuracy to promote excellence in research. Precise measurement tools, a representative sample, and a tightly controlled study design contribute to the rigor of a study.
Aggressiveness, as long as it is consistent, would not relate to rigor of the study.
The process itself would not affect the rigor of a study.
The time frame would be unrelated to the rigor of the study.

Question 17

Research subjects in a study of quality of life (QOL) in liver transplant recipients were asked to complete a questionnaire about their experiences after transplantation. Which of the following would be a likely assumption that the researcher made in relation to this study?
A) All liver transplant recipients invited to participate in the study will complete a questionnaire.
B) QOL is an important issue to liver transplant recipients.
C) Subjects are able to identify a personal awareness of QOL.
D) Subjects will complete every item on the questionnaire.

Accepted Answer

Assumptions are statements taken for granted or are considered True, even though they have not been scientifically tested.
The researcher does not indicate that this is an assumption of the study. It is undoubtedly hoped for to get a large sample size.
The researcher does not indicate that this is an assumption of the study. It is undoubtedly hoped for; otherwise, subjects will not complete their questionnaires.
The researcher does not indicate that this is an assumption of the study. It is undoubtedly hoped for to get complete data.

Question 18

Problem identification in the research process would be equivalent to which step in the nursing process?
A) Assessment
B) Goal identification
C) Nursing diagnosis
D) Planned interventions

Accepted Answer

Nursing diagnosis, the second step of the nursing process, involves identifying a nursing problem based on findings from the nursing assessment.
Assessments are equivalent to the literature review. Nursing diagnosis, the second step of the nursing process, involves identifying a nursing problem based on findings from the nursing assessment.
Setting goals is equivalent to the methodology. Nursing diagnosis, the second step of the nursing process, involves identifying a nursing problem based on findings from the nursing assessment.
Planned interventions is equivalent to methodology. Nursing diagnosis, the second step of the nursing process, involves identifying a nursing problem based on findings from the nursing assessment.

Question 19

A researcher investigates the effect of frequency of position change on the healing of decubitus ulcers. The study would be described as:
A) applied research.
B) basic research.
C) descriptive research.
D) phenomenological research.

Accepted Answer

Applied research involves research that is directly applicable to clinical practice.
Basic research is scientific investigation that involves the pursuit of "knowledge for knowledge's sake."
Descriptive research is the exploration of phenomena in real-life situations.
Phenomenological research would not investigate this type of research question.

Question 20

Statements that are taken for granted or are considered true, even though they have not been scientifically tested, are called:
A) assumptions.
B) hypotheses.
C) limitations.
D) variables.

Accepted Answer

Assumptions are statements that are taken for granted or are considered True, even though they have not been scientifically tested.
Hypotheses are the researcher's best guess as to the outcome of the study.
Limitations are factors in the study that cannot be controlled or manipulated, but might have an influence on the outcome.
Variables are the factors that the researcher wants to investigate.

Quiz 2: Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process

Applied research seeks to solve a clinical problem in which setting?

Which of the following types of research involve at least a minor degree of control by the researcher to implement the study treatment?

What category or type of research is suggested by the following research question? "Does telephone follow-up by nurses improve patients' compliance with their medication regimens?"

A researcher designs a study that uses a random sampling method to decrease the likelihood of bias in the study sample. This strategy was used to implement:

In which type of research is there high researcher control, random sampling, and controlled setting?

Pilot studies are done for which reason?

A study analyzing the effect of exercise on diet control in Hispanic women with type II diabetes would most credibly be generalizable to which population?

A researcher is studying the relationship between age and involvement in social activities. This is what type of research?

The plan in the problem-solving process is equivalent to which step in the research process?

A researcher is interested in studying stress and coping in caregivers of elderly stroke victims. The researcher designs a study in which data collection takes place in the caregiver's home. This would be an example of which type of research setting?

Which of the following would identify the specific aim or goal of the study based on the identified problem?

The research process differs from the nursing process on which of the following?

The question "Is there a relationship between caffeine intake and intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma?" is an example of which type of research?

Before implementing a large, multisite research investigation, a researcher conducts a smaller study to identify any problematic areas in the planned study. This smaller study is known as a/an:

A research problem is defined as a/an:

Which of the following definitions best describes rigor in quantitative research?

Research subjects in a study of quality of life (QOL) in liver transplant recipients were asked to complete a questionnaire about their experiences after transplantation. Which of the following would be a likely assumption that the researcher made in relation to this study?

Problem identification in the research process would be equivalent to which step in the nursing process?

A researcher investigates the effect of frequency of position change on the healing of decubitus ulcers. The study would be described as:

Statements that are taken for granted or are considered true, even though they have not been scientifically tested, are called: