Question 1

Which nation initiated the slave trade near the mouth of the Congo River around 1500?

Accepted Answer

Portugal was the nation that initiated the slave trade near the mouth of the Congo River around 1500. They established trade relationships with local African leaders and began taking slaves to sell in the Americas.

Question 2

When significant numbers of young people in India give up on their traditional beliefs and practices and embrace Western values, which development theorists would conclude that the country is moving in the right direction?

Accepted Answer

Modernization theorists argue that traditional beliefs and practices are barriers to development and that Westernization is a necessary step towards progress. Therefore, they would view the adoption of Western values by young people in India as a positive sign of modernization and development.

Question 3

According to the text, which of the following outcomes has resulted by the application of dependency theory to explain underdevelopment in the Third World?

Accepted Answer

The text states that "Dependency theory argues that underdevelopment in the Third World is largely a result of the historical exploitation and domination of these countries by the First World." This implies that underdevelopment has been largely confirmed through the application of dependency theory.

Question 4

When asked to provide a possible explanation for the underdevelopment in most African countries, Tashia asserts that it is a result of their historical colonization. Which development theory supports this notion?

Accepted Answer

The dependency theory suggests that underdevelopment and poverty in some countries is a result of their historic links to colonialism and their continued reliance on foreign aid and investment, leaving them dependent on more powerful, developed countries.

Question 5

A factory in Country X purchases raw materials from Country Y to make its product. Profits will be reinvested in the factory, increasing production and profits in Country X. Country Y will never make enough profits from the sale of materials to build its own factory. What theory could be used to explain the relationship that has developed between countries X and Y?

Accepted Answer

The relationship between countries X and Y can be best explained by dependency theory. According to this theory, less developed countries (Country Y) are dependent on the more developed countries (Country X) due to the economic relationship between them. Country Y is unable to develop its own industries and infrastructure because it is reliant on exporting raw materials to Country X, which is able to process and produce finished goods. This perpetuates a cycle of dependence and underdevelopment for Country Y.

Question 6

Hojohn has a sophisticated plan to build his own business. He has laid out timelines and budgets and has sourced suppliers and possible locations for his factory. While he is still in university, he is already demonstrating his ambition and desire to achieve success. According to the text, what title would be given to Hojohn?

Accepted Answer

Hojohn is demonstrating qualities of an entrepreneur by laying out timelines, budgets, sourcing suppliers and possible locations for his business while still being in university.

Question 7

According to the text, what has the term development come to mean in the period after World War II?

Accepted Answer

The text states that after World War II, the term development has come to mean economic growth, industrialization, and modernization in the poor parts of the world.

Question 8

After watching a commercial that requested viewers to sponsor a child in Africa, Joshua asserts that the child poverty problem would be solved if the people in Africa would utilize birth control, rather than expecting other countries to pay for raising their families. Which theory of development does Joshua ascribe to?

Accepted Answer

Joshua's assertion that poverty in Africa could be solved through birth control is consistent with the modernization theory, which emphasizes economic growth and industrialization as the primary path towards societal development. This theory often places responsibility for development on the individual actors rather than external forces.

Question 9

Which development theorist would describe development as a traditional society "taking off" after it came into contact with a developed society?

Accepted Answer

This description matches W.W. Rostow's stages of economic growth theory, which argues that all societies pass through five stages of economic development and that traditional societies take off after they come into contact with a developed society.

Question 10

According to modernization theorists, why are Third World countries economically disadvantaged?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to modernization theorists, why are Third...

Question 11

What term is given to "the pursuit of competitive enterprises for profit"?

Accepted Answer

The pursuit of competitive enterprises for profit is the basic principle of capitalism. In a capitalist economy, businesses are privately owned and operate for the purpose of making a profit.

Question 12

In a class discussion, Adrienne argues that the lack of development in some countries is not due to people who lack a work ethic, but rather it is the result of the power nations exploiting the people and the land in these societies. What theory of development provides the basis for Adrienne's argument?

Accepted Answer

Dependency theory posits that underdevelopment in some countries is caused by the economic and political relationships between the developed and developing countries, leading to exploitation, rather than any inherent lack of work ethic or skill. Adrienne's argument aligns with this theory.

Question 13

Julianne argues that the solutions to economic problems in a country can be found in the private market. Her assertion reflects the position of which economist?

Accepted Answer

Julianne's argument aligns with the views of Milton Friedman, who believed in the power of the free market and the private sector to solve economic problems rather than government intervention.

Question 14

Modernization theory suggests that in the 1500s societies of the global south were undeveloped. Which of the following can be said about this belief?

Accepted Answer

Modernization theory has been criticized for being ethnocentric and for promoting a Eurocentric view of development, suggesting that societies in the global south were undeveloped without acknowledging their own complex histories and achievements.

Question 15

According to W.W. Rostow, an early development theorist, how do societies progress?

Accepted Answer

According to W.W. Rostow, societies progress through fixed stages of development, also known as the "stages of economic growth." These stages include traditional society, preconditions for takeoff, takeoff, drive to maturity, and high mass consumption. Rostow believed that all societies would eventually progress through these stages, with industrialization and modernization being the end goal.

Question 16

A professor presented the following argument: "The reason it took Brazil so long to develop was that the citizens did not have the drive and 'need for achievement' necessary to develop business and industry." Which theoretical approach is this professor drawing arguments from?

Accepted Answer

The professor is drawing arguments from modernization theory, which proposes that the reason for underdevelopment in some countries is due to the lack of drive and cultural values necessary for economic development. This theory assumes that modernization and economic development are path-dependant on cultural values and practices, and that modernization can only be achieved by replacing traditional values with those that promote industrialization, urbanization, and market-oriented economies.

Question 17

In contrast to the progress seen in Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan, which area of the world has been deteriorating for a generation, with over 40 percent of its people living on less than a dollar a day?

Accepted Answer

Sub-Saharan Africa has been facing severe poverty and economic decline for a generation, with over 40 percent of its people living on less than a dollar a day. This region of the world has struggled with issues such as political instability, lack of infrastructure, and disease, which have hindered its development compared to other regions.

Question 18

Which event after the 1500s resulted in dire consequences for the ongoing development of West Africa?

Accepted Answer

The transatlantic slave trade, which began in the late 15th century and continued until the 19th century, resulted in the forced displacement and enslavement of millions of West Africans. This had devastating consequences for the ongoing development of the region, including the loss of human capital, cultural disruption, and economic exploitation.

Question 19

According to the text, why is development an important issue for many Canadians?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, why is development...

Question 20

Which type of theorists blame Third World societies for their own lack of development?

Accepted Answer

Modernization theorists tend to place the blame for lack of development on Third World societies and cultures, often citing factors such as traditionalism, corruption, and resistance to change as hindrances to modernization and development.

Quiz 9: Development and Underdevelopment