Question 1

The forces within or outside of a person that are adjusted by self-regulation to initiate, direct, and sustain actions toward a goal are called _______________.
A) leadership behaviors
B) motivation
C) organizational politics
D) power

Accepted Answer

Motivation refers to the internal or external factors that drive a person's behavior towards achieving a particular goal. It involves the activation, direction, and persistence of behavior towards a goal. Leadership behaviors, organizational politics, and power are related to motivation but are not the same as motivation.

Question 2

Jamal is examining how what he puts into his fraternity compares to the benefits he receives from being a member as well as how this compares to his friend's Eddie and Malcolm's inputs and outputs. What motivational theory is Jamal using in this instance?
A) equity theory
B) goal setting theory
C) need hierarchy theory
D) self-determination theory

Accepted Answer

Jamal is using the equity theory, which suggests that people are motivated to maintain fairness and balance in their relationships by comparing their inputs (effort, contributions) and outputs (rewards, benefits) to those of others. Jamal is comparing his own inputs and outcomes as a member of his fraternity to those of his friends Eddie and Malcolm to determine whether the distribution of rewards is fair and equal.

Question 3

What theory of motivation asserts that people are motivated by having a sense of control over their actions and are inherently proactive and wanting to seek out growth opportunities that require sustained effort?
A) equity theory
B) goal setting theory
C) need hierarchy theory
D) self-determination theory

Accepted Answer

Self-determination theory asserts that individuals are inherently proactive and seek out growth opportunities that require sustained effort. It also emphasizes the importance of having a sense of control over one's actions in motivating behavior.

Question 4

Luis expects that no matter how hard he tries, that his research methods final will be too difficult for him to pass. His friend Louisa warns him that his thinking could create _______________.
A) goal-setting
B) learned industriousness
C) a self-fulfilling prophecy
D) social loafing

Accepted Answer

The answer of Luis expects that no matter how hard...

Question 5

What is one recommendation for avoiding procrastination?
A) accept only extrinsic motivation to guide your academic and work life
B) gathering all necessary information and supplies before starting on a project
C) seeking out information about yourself and your performance
D) waiting for the feelings of a productive mood to spur one into action

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is one recommendation for avoiding procrastination?
A)...

Question 6

Tonya is a manager who believes is offering social recognition to her subordinates and encourages customers to provide direct feedback to her employees about the quality of their service and work. Tonya is focused on motivating people at what level of Maslow's hierarchy?
A) safety
B) self-actualization
C) self-esteem
D) social

Accepted Answer

Social recognition and direct feedback from customers can significantly boost an employee's self-esteem, which is the focus of Tonya's motivational strategy according to Maslow's hierarchy.

Question 7

Edward allows his employees a great deal of autonomy in completing their work tasks and encourages them to take responsibility and initiative for complete tasks they have the knowledge for even if they aren't part of their job responsibilities. Edward's actions follow most closely the recommendations of what theory of motivation?
A) equity theory
B) expectancy theory
C) goal-setting theory
D) self-determination theory

Accepted Answer

Edward's actions align with the principles of self-determination theory, which emphasizes the importance of intrinsic motivation and autonomy in driving behavior. By giving his employees the freedom to take responsibility for completing tasks they are knowledgeable about, Edward is giving them a sense of control and ownership over their work, which can increase their motivation and job satisfaction.

Question 8

Employees of Martin Manufacturing Processes, Inc. (MMPI) are implementing goal-setting as a means for reducing accident rates and employee absenteeism. What recommendation below will lead to the best outcomes for each of those variables?
A) establishing challenging but realistic, specific goals for reducing accident rates and lowering absenteeism
B) giving employees more direct control over how they do their jobs
C) giving employees surveys to determine what level of needs are unmet and encouraging supervisors to use those unmet needs to motivate the desired changes
D) setting general goals like "do your best to be at work each day" and "do your best to act in a safe manner"

Accepted Answer

Establishing challenging but realistic, specific goals has been shown to be effective in reducing accident rates and absenteeism. This creates a clear target for employees to work towards and can motivate them to take steps towards improving their safety and attendance. General goals like those in option D are unlikely to be effective as they lack specificity and do not provide a clear target for employees to aim for. Option B may have some impact on reducing accidents and absenteeism, but it is not directly linked to goal-setting and may not be as effective as setting specific goals. Option C may be helpful in identifying employee needs, but it does not necessarily provide a clear solution for reducing accident rates and absenteeism.

Question 9

Numerous studies over many years have demonstrated the effectiveness of goal-setting in producing higher levels of motivation. Which statement below captures one of the reasons that goal-setting is effective in initiating, directing, and maintaining efforts toward desired goals?
A) it mobilizes energy and effort
B) it directs our actions and provides clear expectations for behavior
C) it leads to the prioritization of goals
D) it increases our short-range thinking and stress levels

Accepted Answer

Goal-setting provides clear expectations for behavior, which helps to direct our actions towards the desired goal. This clarity allows individuals to easily identify the specific actions required to achieve the goal, and increases motivation by providing a sense of direction and purpose.

Question 10

Concepts like the self-fulfilling prophecy focus on how other people's expectations of us and our behaviors can influence how we act and react in response to their motivational attempts. Which concept listed below focuses on how raising our own expectations for our behavior can serve as motivation?
A) Galatea effect
B) Golem effect
C) learned industriousness
D) Pygmalion effect

Accepted Answer

The Galatea effect is the concept that individuals' high self-expectations for their own performance can serve as motivation to achieve those expectations.

Question 11

Achieving a challenging goal and enjoying the experience of achieving a challenging goal serve to develop our sense of industriousness. According to the research on learned industriousness, why is this so?
A) the delayed reinforcement associated with the achievement and enjoyment
B) the long-range focus associated with the achievement and enjoyment
C) the primary reinforcement associated with the achievement and enjoyment
D) the secondary reinforcement associated with the achievement and enjoyment

Accepted Answer

Learned industriousness theory suggests that the sense of satisfaction and reward we get from achieving challenging goals acts as a form of secondary reinforcement. This reinforcement strengthens our willingness to exert effort toward difficult tasks in the future, thereby developing our sense of industriousness.

Question 12

A great deal of research has demonstrated how motivation leads to goal attainment. What is a key message from the authors' discussion of goal attainment in the section on "Climbing the Ladder of Success"?
A) the performing of goal-directed behaviors is the primary source of motivation
B) only intrinsic motivation leads to long-term goal attainment
C) practicing a behavior is a more important motivator than performing the behavior for the most highly skilled individuals
D) success through perfection is the ideal for all goal attainment efforts

Accepted Answer

The authors emphasize that for highly skilled individuals, practicing a behavior is a more significant motivator than merely performing it, as it leads to mastery and long-term success.

Question 13

James is typically an above average performer on task that require him to display and use his physical strength. However, once he is put to work on a task with other members, he often fails to work as hard as he can and would if he were doing the task alone. James is displaying _______________.
A) groupthink
B) learned industriousness
C) Pygmalion effect
D) social loafing

Accepted Answer

James is displaying social loafing, which is the phenomenon of individuals exerting less effort when working as part of a group compared to when working individually.

Question 14

Group projects often lead to students experiencing the effects of social loafing. Which of the following is a step they could take to reduce the likelihood that a group member engaged in social loafing?
A) allow everyone to choose and work individually on what interested them most and report back to the group one or two days before the project due date
B) create specific assignments for each group member to complete before the next meeting and provide any clarification needed before leaving the current meeting
C) increase creativity by allow each member to conceptualize what the final product will look like without limiting these perceptions by sharing this information with fellow group members
D) require each group member to e-mail all the others each day between meetings to identify what he or she has accomplished while working solo

Accepted Answer

By creating specific assignments and providing clarification, each group member will have a clear idea of what is expected of them, reducing the likelihood of social loafing. A allows for individual work, which may increase the likelihood of social loafing. C and D do not have a direct impact on reducing social loafing.

Question 15

What concept discussed in chapter 8 represents under-functioning at the individual employee level, is manifested by self-doubt at the emotional and lowered levels of self-efficacy at the cognitive level, and can impede one's ability to meet their intended aspirations?
A) learned helplessness
B) learned industriousness
C) procrastination
D) social loafing

Accepted Answer

The answer of What concept discussed in chapter 8 represents...

Question 16

Describe how a manager might use Maslow's Need Hierarchy to motivate his or her employees.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how a manager might use Maslow's...

Question 17

Explain how a parent could use goal setting theory to improve a child's academic performance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how a parent could use goal...

Question 18

Explain why learned industriousness can explain for people's differing levels of hard work in an organizational setting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why learned industriousness can explain for...

Question 19

What is a solution/are some solutions to enhancing motivation in a workplace setting?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a solution/are some solutions to...

Question 20

Explain why procrastination occurs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why procrastination occurs....

Quiz 8: Motivation and Productivity at Work

The forces within or outside of a person that are adjusted by self-regulation to initiate, direct, and sustain actions toward a goal are called _______________.

Jamal is examining how what he puts into his fraternity compares to the benefits he receives from being a member as well as how this compares to his friend's Eddie and Malcolm's inputs and outputs. What motivational theory is Jamal using in this instance?

What theory of motivation asserts that people are motivated by having a sense of control over their actions and are inherently proactive and wanting to seek out growth opportunities that require sustained effort?

Luis expects that no matter how hard he tries, that his research methods final will be too difficult for him to pass. His friend Louisa warns him that his thinking could create _______________.

What is one recommendation for avoiding procrastination?

Tonya is a manager who believes is offering social recognition to her subordinates and encourages customers to provide direct feedback to her employees about the quality of their service and work. Tonya is focused on motivating people at what level of Maslow's hierarchy?

Employees of Martin Manufacturing Processes, Inc. (MMPI) are implementing goal-setting as a means for reducing accident rates and employee absenteeism. What recommendation below will lead to the best outcomes for each of those variables?

Numerous studies over many years have demonstrated the effectiveness of goal-setting in producing higher levels of motivation. Which statement below captures one of the reasons that goal-setting is effective in initiating, directing, and maintaining efforts toward desired goals?

Concepts like the self-fulfilling prophecy focus on how other people's expectations of us and our behaviors can influence how we act and react in response to their motivational attempts. Which concept listed below focuses on how raising our own expectations for our behavior can serve as motivation?

Achieving a challenging goal and enjoying the experience of achieving a challenging goal serve to develop our sense of industriousness. According to the research on learned industriousness, why is this so?

A great deal of research has demonstrated how motivation leads to goal attainment. What is a key message from the authors' discussion of goal attainment in the section on "Climbing the Ladder of Success"?

James is typically an above average performer on task that require him to display and use his physical strength. However, once he is put to work on a task with other members, he often fails to work as hard as he can and would if he were doing the task alone. James is displaying _______________.

Group projects often lead to students experiencing the effects of social loafing. Which of the following is a step they could take to reduce the likelihood that a group member engaged in social loafing?

What concept discussed in chapter 8 represents under-functioning at the individual employee level, is manifested by self-doubt at the emotional and lowered levels of self-efficacy at the cognitive level, and can impede one's ability to meet their intended aspirations?

Describe how a manager might use Maslow's Need Hierarchy to motivate his or her employees.

Explain how a parent could use goal setting theory to improve a child's academic performance.

Explain why learned industriousness can explain for people's differing levels of hard work in an organizational setting.

What is a solution/are some solutions to enhancing motivation in a workplace setting?

Explain why procrastination occurs.