Question 1

EEG studies that showed infants a ball which either gradually became hidden or disappeared helped establish ____________________ at an earlier age than Piaget proposed.
A)incorrect response inhibition
B)object permanence
C)reasoning
D)symbolic representation

Accepted Answer

EEG studies demonstrating that infants reacted to a ball gradually becoming hidden or disappearing helped establish object permanence at an earlier age than Jean Piaget originally proposed.

Question 2

The appearance and disappearance of dolls on a stage in one study helped to argue that infants are capable of …
A)violation-of-expectation
B)object permanence
C)habituation
D)numerosity

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

A rich interpretation of the disappearing doll study would be that …
A)infants have the ability to recognise contour lines
B)infants have the ability to see objects such as dolls
C)infants have the ability to perceive surface area
D)infants have the ability to add and subtract precisely

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

In the drawbridge study, infants …
A)looked longer at the possible event
B)looked longer at the novel event
C)looked for the same amount of time at both events
D)looked longer at the impossible event

Accepted Answer

In the drawbridge study, infants looked longer at the impossible event, indicating they were surprised by it and suggesting an understanding of object permanence.

Question 5

Four-month-old infants …
A)recognise invidual features of an animal's body
B)recognise all of the integrated features of an animal combined
C)recognise only animal faces
D)recognise legs and the tail more than other body features in animals

Accepted Answer

Four-month-old infants are capable of recognizing individual features of an animal's body, indicating an early development of perceptual abilities.

Question 6

In the A not B task, young infants will …
A)lose interest in searching for the object
B)search for an object where it was just hidden, not where it was usually hidden
C)search for an object in the place it is usually hidden; not where it was just hidden
D)only search for the object if it is partially visible

Accepted Answer

In the A not B task, young infants typically make the error of searching for an object in the place it is usually hidden (location A) rather than where it was just hidden (location B), demonstrating a lack of object permanence.

Question 7

The acquistion of ____________ allows integrations of knowledge across the other core domains.
A)knowledge of physical properties of objects
B)number
C)space
D)language

Accepted Answer

Language acquisition is crucial for integrating knowledge across various domains because it enables communication, comprehension, and the ability to share and understand complex concepts, which are essential for learning and integrating knowledge in all areas.

Question 8

Infants are considered to have underdeveloped ______________.
A)object recognition
B)perceptual abilities
C)executive functions
D)space perception

Accepted Answer

Infants have underdeveloped executive functions, which include planning, problem-solving, and impulse control, as these cognitive processes mature significantly throughout childhood and adolescence.

Question 9

Replication of studies is most important for …
A)observation
B)interpretation
C)verification
D)evaluation

Accepted Answer

Replication is crucial for verification of study results, ensuring that findings are reliable and not due to chance or experimental error.

Question 10

The idea that young infants do not think objects exist if they cannot perceive them is called …
A)violation-of-expectation
B)object permanence
C)object categorisation
D)constructivism

Accepted Answer

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or otherwise sensed. This concept is a key stage in the cognitive development of infants according to Jean Piaget's theory.

Question 11

That two-year-olds have trouble with the A not B task in a sandbox agrees most with …
A)dynamic systems
B)constructivism
C)core knowledge
D)memory failure theory

Accepted Answer

Dynamic systems theory suggests that children's behavior is influenced by multiple interacting factors, including their current state and environment, which aligns with the idea that two-year-olds' difficulty with the A not B task in a sandbox is due to the dynamic interaction of these factors.

Question 12

Current evidence seems to lean towards the idea of …
A)a gradual continuous process by which children learn to categorise
B)a process in which language development precedes object perception
C)a two-stage process of categorisation development involving two separate systems
D)a process in which categorisation development proceeds by a series of jumps and spurts

Accepted Answer

Current evidence suggests that children learn to categorize through a gradual continuous process.

Question 13

An interpretation of experimental results which avers that infants display symbolic representation and reasoning could be called …
A)an 'enriched' interpretation
B)a 'symbolic' interpretation
C)a 'perceptual' interpretation
D)a 'rich' interpretation

Accepted Answer

The answer of An interpretation of experimental results which avers...

Question 14

The dynamic systems view does NOT claim that …
A)the hiding locations compete for the infant's attention
B)a stronger memory can overide a novel visual cue
C)infants will always look in the wrong spot for a hidden object if allowed to look without delay
D)the child's interaction with the task depends on several factors

Accepted Answer

The dynamic systems view suggests that infants' actions and behaviors are influenced by various factors and can change based on their interactions with the environment. It does not claim that infants will always look in the wrong spot for a hidden object if allowed to look without delay; instead, it acknowledges the complexity and variability of infants' learning and memory processes.

Question 15

According to Diamond, failure at the A not B task could be due to inability to have both object permanence and ________________________.
A)development of executive funcion
B)inhibition of correct responses
C)inhibition of incorrect responses
D)inhibition of responses

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of incorrect responses is necessary for success in the A not B task, according to Diamond. This involves the child's ability to suppress the previously learned response of looking for the object at the initial hiding place (A) and instead updating this response to search for the object at the new location (B).

Question 16

Encountering a new breed of dog and already knowing some information about it because it is a dog is an example of …
A)number knowledge
B)categorisation
C)knowledge of objects
D)perception

Accepted Answer

Categorisation allows us to understand and organize new information based on existing categories in our minds, such as knowing general information about dogs.

Question 17

Categorisation that develops beyond what is perceived visually is aided by:
A)number knowledge
B)language
C)knowledge of objects
D)auditory cues

Accepted Answer

Language aids in categorization beyond visual perception by providing labels and concepts that help organize and differentiate between categories.

Question 18

The idea that the act of reaching for an object was a part of the object's identity in the infant's mind was proposed by …
A)Piaget
B)Diamond
C)Kaufman
D)Haith

Accepted Answer

Piaget proposed the idea that the act of reaching for an object was a part of the object's identity in the infant's mind, as part of his theory on the development of object permanence in children.

Question 19

Infants seem to use the ______ of an animal as the main clue to categorise it.
A)Face
B)Head
C)Body
D)Tail

Accepted Answer

Infants primarily use the face of an animal as the main clue for categorization, as faces provide distinct and recognizable features that help in distinguishing between different animals.

Question 20

The idea infants possess some innate knowledge which helps to guide their acquisition of more knowledge is called …
A)constructivism
B)core knowledge
C)dynamic systems
D)neuroconstructivsm

Accepted Answer

The concept that infants have some innate knowledge, which aids in the further acquisition of knowledge, is referred to as "core knowledge." This theory suggests that babies are born with a basic understanding of the world, which serves as a foundation for learning more complex concepts as they grow.

Quiz 4: Cognitive Development in Infancy

EEG studies that showed infants a ball which either gradually became hidden or disappeared helped establish ____________________ at an earlier age than Piaget proposed.

The appearance and disappearance of dolls on a stage in one study helped to argue that infants are capable of …

A rich interpretation of the disappearing doll study would be that …

In the drawbridge study, infants …

Four-month-old infants …

In the A not B task, young infants will …

The acquistion of ____________ allows integrations of knowledge across the other core domains.

Infants are considered to have underdeveloped ______________.

Replication of studies is most important for …

The idea that young infants do not think objects exist if they cannot perceive them is called …

That two-year-olds have trouble with the A not B task in a sandbox agrees most with …

Current evidence seems to lean towards the idea of …

An interpretation of experimental results which avers that infants display symbolic representation and reasoning could be called …

The dynamic systems view does NOT claim that …

According to Diamond, failure at the A not B task could be due to inability to have both object permanence and ________________________.

Encountering a new breed of dog and already knowing some information about it because it is a dog is an example of …

Categorisation that develops beyond what is perceived visually is aided by:

The idea that the act of reaching for an object was a part of the object's identity in the infant's mind was proposed by …

Infants seem to use the ______ of an animal as the main clue to categorise it.

The idea infants possess some innate knowledge which helps to guide their acquisition of more knowledge is called …