Question 1

The most important gender difference in arrest rates are reflected in the proportionately greater involvement of men in major crimes.In 2009,men accounted for almost __________ percent of violent crime in the United States.
A) 52
B) 60
C) 75
D) 81

Accepted Answer

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, men accounted for 81% of all persons arrested for violent crime in the United States in 2009. This is a significant gender difference in arrest rates and reflects the greater involvement of men in these types of crimes.

Question 2

__________ seeks to return offenders to the community as law-abiding citizens by providing therapy or vocational or educational training.Based on this approach,offenders are treated,not punished,so that they will not continue their criminal activity.
A) Retribution
B) Incapacitation
C) Rehabilitation
D) Deterrence

Accepted Answer

Rehabilitation seeks to address the root causes of criminal behavior and provide offenders with the tools they need to re-enter society as productive citizens. This approach focuses on therapy, vocational training, and education rather than punishment. The goal is to prevent future crimes from being committed by addressing the underlying issues that led to the criminal behavior in the first place.

Question 3

Of all factors associated with crime,the age of the offender is one of the most significant.Arrest rates for index crimes are highest for people between the ages of:
A) 13 and 25
B) 26 and 35
C) 36 and 45
D) 46 and 55

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that the highest arrest rates for index crimes occur among individuals between the ages of 13 and 25. This is commonly referred to as the age-crime curve, which illustrates that as individuals transition from adolescence to adulthood, their criminal involvement tends to decrease. While crime does still occur among older individuals, the rates are generally lower than those seen among younger age groups.

Question 4

____________ is the calculated,unlawful use of physical force or threats
Of violence against persons or property in order to intimidate or coerce a
Government,organization,or individual for the purpose of gaining some
Political,religious,economic,or social objective.
A) White collar crime
B) Property crime
C) Victimless crime
D) Terrorism

Accepted Answer

Terrorism is defined as the use of unlawful force or threats of violence to intimidate or coerce individuals or groups for political, religious, or social objectives. It goes beyond property crimes (B), victimless crimes (C), and white-collar crimes (A), which do not involve the use of violence or threats of violence for political or social purposes.

Question 5

The image of police departments may change as greater emphasis is placed on __________.This is an approach to law enforcement in which officers maintain a presence in neighborhood settings such as walking up and down the streets or riding bicycles,getting to know people,and holding public service meetings at schools and churches.
A) residential-oriented policing
B) community-oriented policing
C) curb-oriented policing
D) backyard-oriented policing

Accepted Answer

Community-oriented policing involves officers maintaining a presence in neighborhood settings and building partnerships with community members to address crime and social issues. This approach can improve the image of police departments by creating a sense of trust and respect between law enforcement and the communities they serve. Residential-oriented policing, curb-oriented policing, and backyard-oriented policing are not recognized approaches to law enforcement.

Question 6

The term __________ refers to illegal or unethical acts involving the use of power by government officials,or illegal/unethical acts perpetrated against the government by outsiders seeking to make a political statement,undermine the government,or overthrow it.
A) occupational (white-collar) crime
B) political crime
C) legislative crime
D) corporate crime

Accepted Answer

The term "political crime" specifically refers to illegal or unethical acts involving the use of power by government officials or acts perpetrated against the government with a political motive, making it the most appropriate choice among the given options. "Occupational crime" refers to white-collar crimes committed by individuals within their profession, "legislative crime" is not a widely recognized term, and "corporate crime" refers to illegal or unethical acts committed by corporations or their representatives.

Question 7

Four types of political deviance have been attributed to some government officials.Which of the following is NOT one of these types?
A) secrecy and deception designed to manipulate public opinion
B) abuse of power
C) political assassination
D) prosecution of individuals due to their political activities

Accepted Answer

The three types of political deviance mentioned in the question are secrecy and deception designed to manipulate public opinion, abuse of power, and prosecution of individuals due to their political activities. Political assassination is not mentioned as one of the types.

Question 8

__________ is based on the assumption that offenders who are detained in prison or are executed will be unable to commit additional crimes.
A) Retribution
B) Incapacitation
C) Rehabilitation
D) Deterrence

Accepted Answer

Incapacitation is a punishment philosophy that suggests that keeping offenders in prison or executing them will prevent them from committing additional crimes. This is based on the belief that if an offender is behind bars or dead, they are physically unable to commit crimes. Retribution is a philosophy that suggests punishment should be proportional to the harm done by the offender. Rehabilitation is a philosophy that focuses on reforming offenders to prevent future criminal behavior. Deterrence is a philosophy that suggests punishing offenders will discourage others from committing crimes.

Question 9

In 2009,________ inmates were executed and more than 3,300 people awaited execution.
A) 10
B) 23
C) 52
D) 105

Accepted Answer

In 2009, 52 inmates were executed in the United States, while more than 3,300 people were on death row awaiting execution.

Question 10

In the late 1980s,several top Pentagon officials were found guilty of receiving bribes for passing classified information on to major defense contractors that had garnered many lucrative contracts from the government.This is an example of:
A) political crime
B) corporate crime
C) occupational (white-collar) crime
D) autonomy crime

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the late 1980s,several top Pentagon officials...

Question 11

__________ imposes a penalty on the offender and is based on the premise that the punishment should fit the crime.The greater the degree of social harm,the more the offender should be punished.
A) Retribution
B) Incapacitation
C) Rehabilitation
D) Deterrence

Accepted Answer

Retribution is a form of punishment that seeks to impose a penalty on the offender that is proportionate to their crime, meaning that the more serious the offence, the greater the punishment should be. Retribution is based on the idea that justice requires that offenders “get what they deserve”.

Question 12

Historically,punishment has had four major goals.Which of the following
Is NOT one of these?
A) retribution
B) deterrence
C) reconstruction
D) incapacitation

Accepted Answer

The four major goals of punishment are retribution (revenge for a wrongdoing), deterrence (prevent others from committing the same crime), incapacitation (prevent the offender from committing the crime again), and rehabilitation (help the offender change their behavior). "Reconstruction" is not one of the historically identified goals of punishment.

Question 13

In 2009,__________ accounted for about 69 percent of all arrests for property crimes and about 58 percent of arrests for violent crimes.
A) African Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) Whites

Accepted Answer

According to FBI data from 2009, Whites accounted for about 69 percent of all arrests for property crimes and about 58 percent of arrests for violent crimes.

Question 14

Persons from __________ socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to be arrested for violent and property crimes.
A) lower
B) lower-middle
C) middle
D) upper

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to experience poverty, lack of educational opportunities, limited access to healthcare, and discrimination, which increase the likelihood of criminal activity. Additionally, they may be more likely to live in high-crime areas and have associations with individuals who engage in criminal behavior.

Question 15

__________ is any action designed to deprive a person of things of value (including liberty) because of some offense the person is thought to have committed.
A) Punishment
B) Retribution
C) Societal revenge
D) Retaliation

Accepted Answer

Punishment is a consequence imposed on a person who has violated a law or rule in order to discourage them and others from committing the same offense. Punishment can take different forms such as imprisonment, fines or probation.

Question 16

__________ refers to the use of personal judgment by police officers,prosecutors,judges,and other criminal justice system officials regarding whether and how to proceed in a given situation.
A) Discretion
B) Optional processing
C) Reasonable suspicion
D) Probable cause

Accepted Answer

Discretion is the term used to describe the ability of criminal justice system officials to make decisions based on their own judgment and interpretation of the law. This can involve decisions about whether to arrest someone, what charges to file, whether to offer a plea bargain, and what sentence to recommend. Discretion is an important tool for criminal justice professionals, but it can also lead to issues of bias and inconsistency in the application of the law.

Question 17

__________ seeks to reduce criminal activity by instilling a fear of punishment in the general public.
A) Retribution
B) Incapacitation
C) Rehabilitation
D) Deterrence

Accepted Answer

Deterrence seeks to reduce criminal activity by instilling a fear of punishment in the general public. Retribution is punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act, incapacitation is the practice of keeping dangerous criminals in confinement to eliminate the risk of them committing further crimes, and rehabilitation is the process of helping criminals reintegrate into society and become law-abiding citizens.

Question 18

Premeditated,continuous illegal activities of organized crime include all of the following activities EXCEPT:
A) drug trafficking
B) prostitution
C) money laundering
D) insider trading

Accepted Answer

Insider trading is not typically associated with organized crime activities. It involves individuals using confidential information to make trades in the stock market, which is illegal, but it is not considered to be part of organized crime.

Question 19

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) was developed by the Bureau of Justice Statistics as an alternate means of collecting crime statistics.The most recent (NCVS) indicates that __________ percent of all violent crimes are not reported to the police.
A) 21
B) 45
C) 50
D) 76

Accepted Answer

The NCVS data indicates that approximately 50% of all violent crimes are not reported to the police, highlighting a significant gap in crime reporting.

Question 20

About __________ percent of criminal cases are never tried in courts; instead,they are resolved by plea bargaining,a process in which the prosecution negotiates a reduced sentence for the accused in exchange for a guilty plea.
A) 50
B) 60
C) 70
D) 90

Accepted Answer

According to statistics, approximately 90% of criminal cases are resolved by plea bargaining instead of being tried in court.

Quiz 7: Deviance and Crime

The most important gender difference in arrest rates are reflected in the proportionately greater involvement of men in major crimes.In 2009,men accounted for almost __________ percent of violent crime in the United States.

__________ seeks to return offenders to the community as law-abiding citizens by providing therapy or vocational or educational training.Based on this approach,offenders are treated,not punished,so that they will not continue their criminal activity.

Of all factors associated with crime,the age of the offender is one of the most significant.Arrest rates for index crimes are highest for people between the ages of:

____________ is the calculated,unlawful use of physical force or threats Of violence against persons or property in order to intimidate or coerce a Government,organization,or individual for the purpose of gaining some Political,religious,economic,or social objective.

The term __________ refers to illegal or unethical acts involving the use of power by government officials,or illegal/unethical acts perpetrated against the government by outsiders seeking to make a political statement,undermine the government,or overthrow it.

Four types of political deviance have been attributed to some government officials.Which of the following is NOT one of these types?

__________ is based on the assumption that offenders who are detained in prison or are executed will be unable to commit additional crimes.

In 2009,________ inmates were executed and more than 3,300 people awaited execution.

In the late 1980s,several top Pentagon officials were found guilty of receiving bribes for passing classified information on to major defense contractors that had garnered many lucrative contracts from the government.This is an example of:

__________ imposes a penalty on the offender and is based on the premise that the punishment should fit the crime.The greater the degree of social harm,the more the offender should be punished.

Historically,punishment has had four major goals.Which of the following Is NOT one of these?

In 2009,__________ accounted for about 69 percent of all arrests for property crimes and about 58 percent of arrests for violent crimes.

Persons from __________ socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to be arrested for violent and property crimes.

__________ is any action designed to deprive a person of things of value (including liberty) because of some offense the person is thought to have committed.

__________ refers to the use of personal judgment by police officers,prosecutors,judges,and other criminal justice system officials regarding whether and how to proceed in a given situation.

__________ seeks to reduce criminal activity by instilling a fear of punishment in the general public.

Premeditated,continuous illegal activities of organized crime include all of the following activities EXCEPT:

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) was developed by the Bureau of Justice Statistics as an alternate means of collecting crime statistics.The most recent (NCVS) indicates that __________ percent of all violent crimes are not reported to the police.

About __________ percent of criminal cases are never tried in courts; instead,they are resolved by plea bargaining,a process in which the prosecution negotiates a reduced sentence for the accused in exchange for a guilty plea.