Question 1

Hyperthymesia is ________.
A) a rare condition in which a person has exceptionally accurate episodic memory
B) a rare condition in which a person has systematically inaccurate episodic memory
C) a common condition in which a person has exceptionally accurate episodic memory
D) a rare condition in which a person has exceptionally accurate generic memory

Accepted Answer

Hyperthymesia is a rare condition characterized by an individual having an extraordinarily precise episodic memory, allowing them to remember vast amounts of personal experiences and events in detail.

Question 2

Episodic memory is ________.
A) the occasional retrieval of experienced events accompanied by strong emotions
B) the retrieval of personally experienced events accompanied by the feeling of remembering
C) the retrieval of important historical events
D) the conscious failure to remember an important event

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory refers to the ability to recall and mentally re-experience specific episodes from one's personal past, along with the associated emotions and contextual details. It is characterized by the feeling of "remembering" these events, as opposed to simply knowing that they occurred.

Question 3

According to Tulving (1972), episodic memory does not include ________.
A) a subjective sense of time
B) a connection to the self
C) a sense of knowing
D) the presence of autonoetic consciousness

Accepted Answer

Tulving (1972) described episodic memory as a type of memory that includes a subjective sense of time, a connection to the self, and the presence of autonoetic consciousness, which allows an individual to mentally re-experience past events. A sense of knowing, however, is more closely associated with semantic memory, which involves facts and information not tied to personal experience.

Question 4

Episodic memory is a form of ________ memory.
A) autobiographical
B) generic
C) explicit
D) implicit

Accepted Answer

The answer of Episodic memory is a form of ________...

Question 5

Autonoetic consciousness is ________.
A) the ability for one to imagine oneself in past, future, or counterfactual situations
B) to be conscious of remembering
C) to be conscious of knowing
D) the ability to remember dreams

Accepted Answer

Autonoetic consciousness refers to the capacity to mentally place oneself in different times and scenarios, such as past, future, or hypothetical situations, allowing for self-reflection and mental time travel.

Question 6

"Contextual cues" are an integral part of episodic memories because ________.
A) they can aid in the retrieval of information
B) they make the memory more interesting
C) they are a form of distraction from the correct remembering
D) they often block the retrieval of information

Accepted Answer

Contextual cues are elements of the environment or situation that were present at the time the memory was formed. These cues can significantly aid in the retrieval of episodic memories by acting as triggers that help recall the specific events or experiences.

Question 7

The encoding of sequence and context by the hippocampus is essential to the creation of episodic memories because ________.
A) as a consequence, the individual can forget about irrelevant memories
B) the individual can distinguish among discrete experiences
C) sequence and context avoid confusion with generic memories
D) sequence and context are the basis for longer-lasting episodic memories

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus helps in distinguishing among discrete experiences by encoding sequence and context, which is crucial for forming distinct episodic memories.

Question 8

Episodic memories are formed in ________.
A) the hippocampus
B) the thalamus
C) the neocortex
D) the prefrontal cortex

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is crucial for the formation of episodic memories, which are memories of specific events or experiences.

Question 9

Damage to the prefrontal cortex results in somewhat disorganized memories where the individual ________.
A) is unable to learn new information
B) is unable to forget some old information
C) may be able to learn new information but is unable to link that learning to a specific episode
D) links the learning to inappropriate/erroneous episodes

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is crucial for organizing memories and linking them to specific contexts or episodes. Damage to this area can impair the ability to connect new learning to the correct episodic context, although learning new information itself might still be possible.

Question 10

Internal memory cues give rise to ________.
A) encoding/retrieval specificity effects
B) state-dependent memory effects
C) decoding/storage specificity effects
D) state-independent memory effects

Accepted Answer

The answer of Internal memory cues give rise to ________.
A)...

Question 11

Godden and Baddeley (1975) presented words to people on land or scuba diving and then tested their memory for the words either on land or scuba diving and found that performance was ________.
A) best when the context was the same
B) worst when the context was the same
C) always better on land
D) always better when scuba diving

Accepted Answer

Godden and Baddeley (1975) found that memory performance was best when the learning and recall contexts were the same, demonstrating the context-dependent memory effect.

Question 12

Weingartner et al. (1976) demonstrated that when people learn material when they are intoxicated and their recall for the material is tested later, they are ________ to recall the material ________.
A) unable; when they are intoxicated again
B) better; when they are intoxicated than when they are sober
C) better; when they are sober than when they are intoxicated
D) unable; under any condition

Accepted Answer

Weingartner et al. (1976) found that people are better at recalling learned material when they are in the same state of intoxication as when they learned it, illustrating state-dependent memory.

Question 13

________ refers to the phenomenon of remembering something that hasn't actually happened before, but with feeling of remembering.
A) Déjà vécu
B) False memory
C) Reconsolidation
D) Retrograde amnesia

Accepted Answer

Déjà vécu refers to the feeling of having already lived through the present situation, which is a type of false memory where one feels they remember something that hasn't actually happened before.

Question 14

The impairment in people with disrupted episodic memory suggests that a primary purpose of episodic memory is to ________.
A) prevent people from daydreaming
B) allow people to daydream
C) allow people to track experiences and to distinguish between daydreams and fantasies and thoughts representing events that have actually occurred
D) avoid thoughts representing events that have not actually occurred

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory is crucial for individuals to recall personal experiences and events, distinguishing them from imagined scenarios, daydreams, or fantasies. This ability helps in differentiating between what has actually happened in one's life and what has been merely thought or imagined.

Question 15

H.M. could not remember episodes that occurred just minutes before, and he was able to ________.
A) gain new explicit memories through classical conditioning, the so-called back door effect
B) gain new implicit memories through classical conditioning
C) extinguish more efficiently memories obtained through classical conditioning
D) gain new explicit memories through priming

Accepted Answer

H.M. could not form new explicit memories due to his surgery, but he was still able to form new implicit memories, such as those acquired through classical conditioning. This demonstrates the distinction between explicit and implicit memory systems in the brain.

Question 16

People with hyperthymesia ________.
A) regularly outperform their peers when tested at school
B) would do very well on a game show like Jeopardy
C) have exceptional memory for events from their own lives
D) have excellent memory for facts and a sense of identity

Accepted Answer

Hyperthymesia is characterized by an individual's extraordinary ability to recall specific events from their own life, not necessarily an enhanced memory for facts, academic performance, or a sense of identity unrelated to personal experiences.

Question 17

Autobiographical memory is different from episodic memory in that ________.
A) autobiographical memory contains both events and factual information, whereas episodic memory consists only of events
B) autobiographical memory contains both events and factual information, whereas episodic memory consists of either events or factual information, but not both
C) autobiographical memory contains both events and factual information, whereas episodic memory may consist only of factual information
D) it cannot be forgotten

Accepted Answer

Autobiographical memory is a type of memory that includes both specific events (episodic memory) and factual information related to one's own life, making it broader than episodic memory, which is focused solely on events.

Question 18

A person's autobiographical memory, and the significance that person ascribes to different life events, is ________.
A) fixed and it is related to her or his self-concept, a belief in who she or he is
B) fixed and it is related to her or his genetic make-up
C) not fixed but it is opportunistic, i.e. dependent exclusively on the immediate practical rewards of each belief
D) not fixed but it is related to her or his self-concept, a belief in who she or he is

Accepted Answer

Autobiographical memory and the significance ascribed to life events are not fixed; they evolve over time and are closely related to a person's self-concept, which encompasses their beliefs about who they are.

Question 19

________ is not a component of the autobiographical knowledge base, according to Conway (2005)?
A) Lifetime periods
B) The central executive
C) Event-specific knowledge
D) General events

Accepted Answer

The central executive is a component of Baddeley's model of working memory, not a component of the autobiographical knowledge base according to Conway (2005). The autobiographical knowledge base includes lifetime periods, event-specific knowledge, and general events.

Question 20

According to Conway (2005), the relationship between the autobiographical knowledge base and the working self is ________.
A) broken
B) reciprocal
C) one-way
D) ambiguous

Accepted Answer

The relationship between the autobiographical knowledge base and the working self is reciprocal, as Conway (2005) describes. This means that the autobiographical knowledge base and the working self influence and shape each other.

Quiz 6: Episodic Memory and Autobiographical Memory

Hyperthymesia is ________.

Episodic memory is ________.

According to Tulving (1972) , episodic memory does not include ________.

Episodic memory is a form of ________ memory.

Autonoetic consciousness is ________.

"Contextual cues" are an integral part of episodic memories because ________.

The encoding of sequence and context by the hippocampus is essential to the creation of episodic memories because ________.

Episodic memories are formed in ________.

Damage to the prefrontal cortex results in somewhat disorganized memories where the individual ________.

Internal memory cues give rise to ________.

Godden and Baddeley (1975) presented words to people on land or scuba diving and then tested their memory for the words either on land or scuba diving and found that performance was ________.

Weingartner et al. (1976) demonstrated that when people learn material when they are intoxicated and their recall for the material is tested later, they are to recall the material .

________ refers to the phenomenon of remembering something that hasn't actually happened before, but with feeling of remembering.

The impairment in people with disrupted episodic memory suggests that a primary purpose of episodic memory is to ________.

H.M. could not remember episodes that occurred just minutes before, and he was able to ________.

People with hyperthymesia ________.

Autobiographical memory is different from episodic memory in that ________.

A person's autobiographical memory, and the significance that person ascribes to different life events, is ________.

________ is not a component of the autobiographical knowledge base, according to Conway (2005) ?

According to Conway (2005) , the relationship between the autobiographical knowledge base and the working self is ________.