Question 1

The Sustainable Development Goals commits to achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls.

Accepted Answer

The Sustainable Development Goal 5 specifically aims to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.

Question 2

The women and development (WAD) approach is concerned with variance in women's culture between the Global North and Global South.

Accepted Answer

The Women and Development (WAD) approach focuses on the relationship between women and economic development processes, emphasizing the role of women in development and the impact of development policies on women's lives, rather than on cultural variances between the Global North and South.

Question 3

Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN) network launched critiques of neoliberal approaches to women's issues and development goals.

Accepted Answer

DAWN is a network of feminist scholars, researchers, and activists from the global South that critiques neoliberal policies and approaches, advocating for economic and gender justice, and sustainable and democratic development.

Question 4

The gender and development model sought to demonstrate that unequal gender relations hinder development and female participation in economic and political arenas.

Accepted Answer

The gender and development (GAD) model emphasizes that unequal gender relations and the marginalization of women in various spheres, including economic and political, are significant barriers to development. It advocates for addressing these inequalities to achieve more holistic and sustainable development outcomes.

Question 5

The shift from a focus on women to one on gender was driven by the phenomenal success of two decades of development programs aimed at improving women's economic, political, and social positions.

Accepted Answer

The shift from a focus on women to one on gender was driven by the recognition that gender relations, including the roles, behaviors, and expectations society assigns to men and women, impact development outcomes, not just the positions of women. This shift acknowledges that addressing gender inequalities requires understanding and changing the structural factors and power dynamics that perpetuate them, beyond just improving women's conditions.

Question 6

A common critique of feminist development scholars from the Global South is that Western development "experts" measured gender progress with Western lenses.

Accepted Answer

Feminist development scholars from the Global South often critique Western development experts for applying Western-centric standards and perspectives when evaluating gender progress, arguing that such approaches can overlook or misinterpret the unique cultural, social, and economic contexts of Global South countries.

Question 7

An important issue addressed by post-colonial feminist scholarship is the need for "othering" in development programs.

Accepted Answer

Post-colonial feminist scholarship critiques the practice of "othering" in development programs, arguing it perpetuates colonial attitudes and inequalities rather than addressing the need for it.

Question 8

Decolonial feminists argue the continuing power of colonial knowledge about Latin American women is due to its internalization by feminists in the region.

Accepted Answer

Decolonial feminists argue that the persistence of colonial knowledge about Latin American women is due to its internalization by feminists in the region, which perpetuates colonial narratives and power dynamics.

Question 9

Post-colonial and decolonial feminists question whether it is possible to create alliances among women from different parts of the Global North and South.

Accepted Answer

Post-colonial and decolonial feminists critique the universalizing tendencies of Western feminism and emphasize the importance of understanding the diverse and specific contexts of women's lives globally. They argue that creating alliances requires acknowledging and addressing the power imbalances and historical contexts that shape women's experiences differently in the Global North and South.

Question 10

Transnational feminism challenges the idea of intersectional and transversal theorizing of women's differences.

Accepted Answer

Transnational feminism actually embraces the idea of intersectional and transversal theorizing of women's differences, recognizing the importance of understanding the varied and interconnected experiences of women across different cultures, nations, and social contexts.

Question 11

Contemporary feminist theorists challenge the development industry's tendency to assume a heterosexual model which is based on Western practices and assumptions.

Accepted Answer

Contemporary feminist theorists critique the development industry for often assuming a heterosexual, Western-centric model that may not accurately reflect or respect the diversity of cultures, sexual orientations, and gender identities in different societies. They argue this approach can marginalize non-Western and non-heteronormative perspectives and experiences.

Question 12

Male empowerment is regarded as a key tool for challenging and transforming unequal political, economic, and social structures.

Accepted Answer

Male empowerment, while important in its own right, is not typically highlighted as a key tool for challenging and transforming unequal structures. Instead, empowerment efforts often focus on marginalized or disadvantaged groups, such as women and minorities, to address and correct systemic inequalities.

Question 13

Mainstream institutions envision empowerment as a means for enhancing efficiency and productivity within the status quo.

Accepted Answer

Mainstream institutions often view empowerment as a tool to improve efficiency and productivity by enabling individuals to have more control and decision-making power, without necessarily challenging the existing structures and systems.

Question 14

Empowerment requires greater attention to the impact of cultural differences, economic and political power, colonial histories, and gendered practices and relations.

Accepted Answer

Empowerment involves understanding and addressing the various factors that influence people's ability to make choices and have control over their lives. This includes considering cultural differences, economic and political power dynamics, the effects of colonial histories, and the role of gendered practices and relations, as these elements can significantly impact individuals' and communities' empowerment processes.

Question 15

Gender mainstreaming has become a central pillar of development discourse, policy, and practice, supported by mainstream as well as more alternative development institutions.

Accepted Answer

Gender mainstreaming is widely recognized and adopted as a strategy for promoting gender equality within policies, programs, and projects across various sectors, including development. It is supported by a broad spectrum of institutions, from mainstream development organizations like the United Nations and the World Bank to alternative and grassroots organizations, reflecting its importance in achieving inclusive and equitable development outcomes.

Question 16

Gender approaches to development recognized very early the need to examine issues around toxic masculinity.

Accepted Answer

Gender approaches to development initially focused more on women's issues and empowerment, with the concept of toxic masculinity gaining more attention in later years as gender studies evolved.

Question 17

A global economic crisis in the twenty-first century has undermined many traditionally male-dominated sources of employment such as construction, manufacturing, and investment.

Accepted Answer

The global economic crisis, particularly the one that began in 2008, significantly impacted industries such as construction, manufacturing, and finance, which have traditionally employed a larger percentage of men, leading to job losses and economic instability in these sectors.

Question 18

All forms of gender-based violence, including male-on-male rape, violence directed at LGBTQIA2S+ communities, and femicide have been recognized in international law.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All forms of gender-based violence, including male-on-male...

Question 19

Institutional agreements, at the UN for example, provide a powerful vehicle for later development initiatives.

Accepted Answer

Institutional agreements, such as those made within the framework of the United Nations, often lay the groundwork for future development initiatives by establishing common goals, standards, and mechanisms for international cooperation, thereby facilitating coordinated efforts towards sustainable development.

Question 20

We have a complex set of tools to tackle gender issues in development. All we need is the will to implement them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of We have a complex set of tools...

Quiz 6: Gender and Development: Theoretical Insights and International Commitments