Question 1

Karl Marx's idea of alienation refers to people who lack culture.

Accepted Answer

Marx's concept of alienation refers to the estrangement of people from aspects of their human nature as a consequence of living in a society of stratified social classes. The theory argues that the capitalist system dehumanizes workers, making them feel disconnected from the products of their labor, their own self-fulfillment, and society as a whole, rather than referring to a lack of culture.

Question 2

Conflict theorists note that oppression is typically economic.

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Question 3

According to symbolic interactionists, society is a social construction.

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionists believe that society is constructed through the meanings and interpretations individuals give to social symbols, interactions, and experiences.

Question 4

Culture includes language, numbers, and gestures.

Accepted Answer

Culture encompasses a wide range of human elements including language, which is used for communication; numbers, which are part of the system of mathematics and measurement; and gestures, which are non-verbal forms of communication.

Question 5

At six years old, Bobby is being socialized every day, even though he doesn't know it. This is called elementary socialization.

Accepted Answer

The term for this process is "primary socialization," not "elementary socialization." Primary socialization occurs in childhood and is when individuals first learn the values, actions, and attitudes appropriate to their society.

Question 6

When the American West was being discovered, groups of people banded together to cross the country and build new towns. They adopted a way of life that suited them and a shared purpose. In other words, they created a culture.

Accepted Answer

As groups of people moved westward across the United States, they developed shared practices, beliefs, and values in response to their new environments and challenges, effectively creating a distinct culture.

Question 7

When children worry about what other children think of them, and base their own feelings about themselves on those interpretations, this demonstrates the looking glass self.

Accepted Answer

The looking-glass self is a social psychological concept that suggests people shape their self-concepts based on their understanding of how others perceive them. When children worry about others' perceptions and let those perceptions influence their self-esteem, they are experiencing the looking-glass self.

Question 8

Nikki's parents are hard-working and always show her how much they love her. When Nikki grew up, she mirrored their work ethic and affectionate behaviors. Nikki's parents are a primary group for her.

Accepted Answer

Nikki's parents are considered a primary group because they have close, personal, and enduring relationships with her, influencing her behaviors and values.

Question 9

Cooley believed that socialization continues until a person is an adult, at which point it becomes fixed.

Accepted Answer

Cooley believed that socialization is a lifelong process and does not become fixed at adulthood. He emphasized the continuous development of the self through social interactions throughout a person's life.

Question 10

In dramaturgical theory, when you are texting with friends, you are on the back stage.

Accepted Answer

In dramaturgical theory, when you are texting with friends, you are on the front stage, not the back stage. The front stage is where you present yourself to others, while the back stage is where you can be yourself and relax.

Question 11

Explain the function of theoretical perspectives in the field of sociology and list the three main sociological theoretical perspectives.

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Question 12

Explain the structural functionalist perspective and how it relates to society.

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Question 13

According to Durkheim and the structural functionalist perspective, why is punishment necessary for a society?

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Question 14

Discuss Marx's ideas of advanced capitalism and the three categories of people within it.

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Question 15

Discuss how symbolic interactionists explain the development of culture.

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Question 16

Define Marx's theory of false consciousness. Apply it to a contemporary problem.

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Question 17

How does the looking glass self theory explain the development of self?

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Question 18

Explain and illustrate the components of the dramaturgical theory through your own example of a social interaction.

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Question 19

Explain the interaction of symbolic interactionism and conflict theory in social constructionism.

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Question 20

How do the three main sociological perspectives operate together to provide a more complete view of reality?

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Quiz 2: Understanding Theory