Question 1

Which is defined as a way to organize facts or observations to explain how something works comprehensively?

Accepted Answer

A theory is a systematic way to organize facts or observations to explain how something works comprehensively.

Question 2

A scientist focusing on unconscious drives relating to different parts of the body would be using which theory to understand development?

Accepted Answer

The psychosexual stages of development, proposed by Freud, focus on unconscious drives and how they relate to different parts of the body during various stages of development.

Question 3

Ling started to date after entering high school. She wants to find a partner that she is attracted to sexually and can be close to emotionally. Freud would say that Ling is in the ______ stage.

Accepted Answer

Freud's psychosexual stages of development culminate in the genital stage, which begins in adolescence. This stage is characterized by the development of mature sexual interests and the ability to form emotionally intimate relationships, aligning with Ling's desires.

Question 4

Which theorist proposed a set of stages throughout the life span focusing on a social crisis to be resolved?

Accepted Answer

Erikson proposed a set of stages throughout the life span focusing on a social crisis to be resolved.

Question 5

Kumar is trying to figure out what occupation he wants to pursue. He is also struggling with his political and religious beliefs. These struggles exemplify Erikson's ______ stage of psychosocial development.

Accepted Answer

This stage, according to Erikson, occurs during adolescence and involves exploring personal identity, beliefs, and goals, leading to a strong sense of self or confusion about one's role in life.

Question 6

Which theory examines only what can be observed?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorist theory focuses on observable behaviors and disregards internal mental states.

Question 7

A researcher is examining whether pleasant consequences for a behavior increase the chance of that behavior being repeated. This researcher is interested in ______.

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning is a learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. In this case, pleasant consequences act as reinforcement, increasing the likelihood of the behavior being repeated.

Question 8

Hunter's English teacher gives a weekly vocabulary quiz. If the students get 100% on the quiz, then they are able to opt out of an additional assignment using the vocabulary. Hunter makes sure to study hard for the quiz so that he will not have any additional homework. This situation exemplifies ______.

Accepted Answer

Hunter's behavior of studying hard to avoid additional homework is an example of operant conditioning, where behavior is influenced by the consequences (in this case, avoiding extra work).

Question 9

Aliyah was unsure how to get hot water from the office water dispenser. She had tried pressing one of the two red buttons, but nothing happened. Later, she saw a coworker press both red buttons and hot water poured out. The next time Aliyah wanted hot water for her tea, she got it from the dispenser. This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

Aliyah learned how to get hot water by observing her coworker, which is an example of observational learning.

Question 10

The idea that interactions between an individual and the environment influence that individual's development is called ______.

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal determinism is the concept that an individual's behavior is influenced by and influences their environment, suggesting a two-way interaction between the person and their surroundings.

Question 11

Which refers to the concepts, ideas, and ways that we interact with the world around us?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive schemas refer to the mental structures that help individuals organize and interpret information, shaping how they interact with the world.

Question 12

Rosa is asked to design an experiment for her chemistry class. She needs to be able to create a hypothesis and apply the scientific method. In addition, before she performs the experiment, her teacher wants her to imagine what she believes will be the result of her experiment, based on what they have learned in class. This exemplifies ______.

Accepted Answer

Formal operational reasoning involves the ability to think abstractly, logically, and systematically, which includes forming hypotheses and predicting outcomes.

Question 13

The ______ theory examines the social interaction from one generation to the next.

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural theory focuses on how social interaction and cultural context influence development, particularly from one generation to the next.

Question 14

Jason has been chosen to participate in an internship related to the course of study he intends to major in when he gets to college. He will be shadowing as well as aiding and learning from a specific mentor in this field. Jason's internship opportunity aligns with which theory?

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural theory emphasizes the importance of social interactions and cultural context in learning and development, which aligns with Jason's internship experience of learning from a mentor in a real-world setting.

Question 15

A scientist interested in how memory and cognition change throughout the life span would focus on ______.

Accepted Answer

Information processing theory focuses on the ways individuals encode, process, store, and retrieve information, which is directly related to memory and cognition across different stages of life.

Question 16

Which theory emphasizes the interaction between the biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development throughout the life span?

Accepted Answer

The bioecological systems theory, developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner, emphasizes the interaction between biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development throughout the life span by considering the multiple environmental systems that influence development.

Question 17

The changes that take place within an individual, at the center of the bioecological model, is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

Ontogenetic development refers to the development of an individual organism or a particular feature of an organism, which is central to the bioecological model.

Question 18

A researcher interested in the connections between contexts, such as the home and school, would focus on the ______.

Accepted Answer

The mesosystem refers to the interconnections between different contexts, such as the home and school, in Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory.

Question 19

Priya's culture holds a strong belief in education and success. These values have propelled her to attend college. She believes that to be successful and independent in her culture, she must have a higher education. These values represent the ______ in Priya's experience.

Accepted Answer

The macrosystem refers to the broader cultural values, beliefs, and norms that influence an individual's development. Priya's belief in education and success as cultural values aligns with the macrosystem.

Question 20

As Lionel's brain matures, he is better able to control how he responds to his parents and his friends. Furthermore, he is able to become more successful at school. He has even been considering what career he would like to pursue after he graduates from college. This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

Ontogenetic development refers to the development of an individual organism or a particular feature of an organism from the earliest stage to maturity. Lionel's ability to control responses, succeed in school, and consider future careers reflects his developmental progress.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Adolescent Development