Question 1

According to the historian Lloyd deMause (1975), the further back in history we look, the more likely we are to find ______.
A) child-centered care in the upper classes
B) much higher levels of child maltreatment
C) careful consideration of children's needs
D) lower levels of maltreatment in the lower classes

Accepted Answer

Lloyd deMause, in his historical analysis of child-rearing practices, posits that the further back in history one looks, the more prevalent and severe forms of child maltreatment become. His work suggests that earlier societies often had harsher and less understanding attitudes towards children.

Question 2

The "Code of Hammurabi" described ancient laws concerning unacceptable behavior including ______.
A) practices that promoted child health and safety
B) laws that protected children from injury by their father
C) child-centered practices promoted by the government
D) penalties for stealing children

Accepted Answer

The "Code of Hammurabi" included laws with penalties for various offenses, including stealing children, which was considered a serious crime.

Question 3

The earliest evidence of laws concerning parent-child relationships in ancient Mesopotamia revealed a "patriarchal" orientation toward offspring. This included the idea that children ______.
A) were the legal property of their father and had no rights of their own
B) had property rights only through their maternal lineage
C) had individual rights that were held above the rights of their mother
D) were subject to the rules of their biological fathers, but not an adopted father

Accepted Answer

The earliest laws in ancient Mesopotamia reflected a patriarchal society where children were considered the legal property of their father, lacking independent rights. This is evident in various ancient legal codes, such as the Code of Hammurabi.

Question 4

According to evidence taken from tomb paintings, hieroglyphics, and archeological digs, child-rearing in ancient Egypt (ca. 3000-100 BCE) was ______.
A) parent-centered
B) child-centered
C) permissive
D) strict

Accepted Answer

Child-rearing in ancient Egypt was child-centered. Evidence suggests that children were highly valued and cherished, with families often depicted in a loving and caring manner in tomb paintings and hieroglyphics.

Question 5

In Greek families of the classical era (490-323 BCE), children were viewed as ______.
A) property to be protected
B) unimportant and expendable
C) innocent, loving, and playful
D) sinful and willful beings

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Greek families of the classical era...

Question 6

Over 10 centuries, Chinese girls were subjected to the practice of ______. According to your text, mothers performed the practice to make their daughters beautiful and marriageable.
A) flower water baths
B) litchi baths
C) calming meditation
D) foot binding

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is foot binding. This practice involved tightly wrapping the feet of young girls to alter their shape and size, which was considered a symbol of beauty and status, making them more desirable for marriage.

Question 7

In some countries, male circumcision, a common practice in the United States, is considered genital mutilation. Which of the following comments best explains these different characterizations?
A) Non-U.S. cultures are ignorant regarding appropriate parenting practices.
B) Parenting decisions are greatly influenced by shared cultural beliefs.
C) Superior surgical procedures in the United States increase the value of circumcision.
D) Only American parents use scientific research to support parenting decisions.

Accepted Answer

The perception of circumcision varies significantly across cultures, largely due to the influence of shared cultural beliefs and practices. This explains why something considered routine in one culture might be viewed negatively in another.

Question 8

The ancient Roman doctrine of "patria potestas" gave fathers ______.
A) the right to kill anyone in the household, including grown children
B) the responsibility to educate the males in their household
C) the right to pass property to their daughter's offspring
D) the responsibility to provide a dowry for their daughters

Accepted Answer

The ancient Roman doctrine of "patria potestas" granted fathers extensive authority over their family, including the right to life and death over their children and slaves. This power was a legal and social norm in Roman society, reflecting the father's absolute control within the household.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is most true regarding child labor in the United States?
A) Evidence indicates that as many as 5% of teenagers work in dangerous conditions.
B) Labor laws and compulsory education greatly reduced child labor in the United States.
C) The United States and many other countries in the world still have serious child labor problems.
D) The United States has totally eradicated problematic child labor practices.

Accepted Answer

Labor laws and compulsory education have significantly reduced child labor in the United States, although some issues may still exist, they are not as prevalent as in the past.

Question 10

At age 14, Matthew needs to get a job to contribute to the family income. Regardless of where he lives in the world, his most likely industry will be ______.
A) technology
B) construction
C) entertainment
D) agriculture

Accepted Answer

Globally, agriculture is the largest employer of child labor, especially in rural areas where children often start working at a young age to help support their families.

Question 11

Jeanell searched the Internet for information on how she could help a 5-year-old learn to read. Although the Internet may provide her with access to sound scientific articles on the subject, she should be wary of ______.
A) published ideas that have no scientific or reasonable basis
B) expert advice based on replicated studies with large samples
C) expert endorsements of products and services for parents
D) scientific parenting research published in online journals

Accepted Answer

Published ideas that have no scientific or reasonable basis can be misleading and potentially harmful.

Question 12

In 1989, the United Nations created the Convention on the Rights of the Child. According to your text, which of the following countries has NOT ratified the convention?
A) The United States
B) Somalia
C) South Sudan
D) Afghanistan

Accepted Answer

The United States is the only country listed that has not ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child. All other countries mentioned have ratified the convention.

Question 13

The first "child study" center created in Iowa to do scientific research was funded after Cora Bussey Hillis argued that ______.
A) private funding for child-rearing research was inadequate and state funding was needed
B) if the state funded research on breeding hogs, it should also fund research on children
C) children are our most precious resource and research would increase our understanding
D) only through scientific research would parents learn to raise better citizens

Accepted Answer

Cora Bussey Hillis argued that if the state funded research on breeding hogs, it should also fund research on children, leading to the creation of the first "child study" center in Iowa for scientific research.

Question 14

Scientific research on child development and parenting began to regularly appear in journals during the ______.
A) 1920s
B) 1930s
C) 1940s
D) 1950s

Accepted Answer

Scientific research on child development and parenting began to be regularly published in journals during the 1920s, marking the start of a more formalized approach to studying these areas.

Question 15

Jane Rankin authored a book that compared the advice of five child-rearing experts on six common child-rearing issues. An important influence on their advice appeared to be the ______.
A) data they interpreted from scientific studies
B) lay theories the expert held before experimentation
C) years of experience they had working with children
D) political philosophy they held (e.g., liberal or conservative)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jane Rankin authored a book that compared...

Question 16

Lila sought advice on how to discipline her daughter from several well-known experts. According to your text, she will likely receive ______.
A) inconsistent information based on the expert's political philosophy
B) consistent information from all the child-rearing experts
C) inconsistent information based on the expert's academic training
D) inconsistent information based on data from scientific research

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lila sought advice on how to discipline...

Question 17

Ethan and Sarah are political conservatives. If they follow the advice of child-rearing experts who are also political conservatives, they will likely receive ______.
A) suggestions that are closely related to those provided by experts who are liberals
B) suggestions that differ dramatically from those provided by experts who are liberals
C) the same suggestions as those provided by experts who are liberals
D) suggestions that are not influenced by the political philosophy of the experts

Accepted Answer

Political ideology often influences perspectives on various aspects of life, including child-rearing practices. Conservative experts are likely to offer advice that reflects conservative values, which can differ significantly from the advice given by liberal experts, reflecting the broader ideological differences between conservatism and liberalism.

Question 18

Our current understanding of parenting differs from parenting beliefs because it is based on ______.
A) philosophical constructs
B) lay theories
C) facts from religious texts
D) empirical findings

Accepted Answer

Our current understanding of parenting is based on empirical findings, which are derived from systematic observation, experimentation, and evidence, rather than philosophical constructs, lay theories, or religious texts.

Question 19

Most commonly, authorities on parenting get their information about how to parent from ______.
A) sacred texts
B) historical accounts
C) personal experience
D) other experts

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most commonly, authorities on parenting get their...

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an example of the fundamental task of monitoring and surveillance as identified by Bradley?
A) watching a child interact with their friends
B) coaching a child through a difficult situation
C) collecting information about the child's interests
D) communicating with the child

Accepted Answer

Coaching a child through a difficult situation is more of an intervention or guidance task rather than monitoring and surveillance, which typically involves observing and gathering information.

Quiz 1: Introduction: From Beliefs to Scientific Evidence

According to the historian Lloyd deMause (1975) , the further back in history we look, the more likely we are to find ______.

The "Code of Hammurabi" described ancient laws concerning unacceptable behavior including ______.

The earliest evidence of laws concerning parent-child relationships in ancient Mesopotamia revealed a "patriarchal" orientation toward offspring. This included the idea that children ______.

According to evidence taken from tomb paintings, hieroglyphics, and archeological digs, child-rearing in ancient Egypt (ca. 3000-100 BCE) was ______.

In Greek families of the classical era (490-323 BCE) , children were viewed as ______.

Over 10 centuries, Chinese girls were subjected to the practice of ______. According to your text, mothers performed the practice to make their daughters beautiful and marriageable.

In some countries, male circumcision, a common practice in the United States, is considered genital mutilation. Which of the following comments best explains these different characterizations?

The ancient Roman doctrine of "patria potestas" gave fathers ______.

Which of the following statements is most true regarding child labor in the United States?

At age 14, Matthew needs to get a job to contribute to the family income. Regardless of where he lives in the world, his most likely industry will be ______.

Jeanell searched the Internet for information on how she could help a 5-year-old learn to read. Although the Internet may provide her with access to sound scientific articles on the subject, she should be wary of ______.

In 1989, the United Nations created the Convention on the Rights of the Child. According to your text, which of the following countries has NOT ratified the convention?

The first "child study" center created in Iowa to do scientific research was funded after Cora Bussey Hillis argued that ______.

Scientific research on child development and parenting began to regularly appear in journals during the ______.

Jane Rankin authored a book that compared the advice of five child-rearing experts on six common child-rearing issues. An important influence on their advice appeared to be the ______.

Lila sought advice on how to discipline her daughter from several well-known experts. According to your text, she will likely receive ______.

Ethan and Sarah are political conservatives. If they follow the advice of child-rearing experts who are also political conservatives, they will likely receive ______.

Our current understanding of parenting differs from parenting beliefs because it is based on ______.

Most commonly, authorities on parenting get their information about how to parent from ______.

Which of the following is NOT an example of the fundamental task of monitoring and surveillance as identified by Bradley?