Question 1

When a mother brings her 9-month-old to daycare,the child smiles and reaches for the daycare caregiver.The nurse should recognize that according to Mahler's developmental theory,this child's development is at which phase?
A)The autistic phase
B) The symbiotic phase
C) The differentiation subphase of the separation-individuation phase
D) The rapprochement subphase of the separation-individuation phase

Accepted Answer

The nurse should understand that this client is in the differentiation subphase of the separation-individuation phase.This subphase begins with the child's initial physical movements away from the mothering figure.A primary recognition of separateness commences.

Question 2

A physically healthy,35-year-old single client lives with parents who provide total financial support.According to Erikson's theory,which developmental task should a nurse assist the client to accomplish?
A)Establishing the ability to control emotional reactions
B) Establishing a strong sense of ethics and character structure
C) Establishing and maintaining self-esteem
D) Establishing a career, personal relationships, and societal connections

Accepted Answer

The nurse should assist the client in establishing a career,personal relationships,and societal connections.According to Erikson,nonachievement in the generativity versus stagnation stage results in self-absorption,including withdrawal from others and having no capacity for giving of the self to others.

Question 3

According to Peplau,a nurse who provides an abandoned child with parental guidance and praise following small accomplishments is serving which therapeutic role?
A)The role of technical expert
B) The role of resource person
C) The role of surrogate
D) The role of leader

Accepted Answer

The nurse who provides an abandoned child with parental guidance and praise is serving the role of the surrogate according to Peplau's interpersonal theory.A surrogate serves as a substitute for another person-in this case,the child's parent.

Question 4

According to Erikson's developmental theory,when planning care for a 47-year-old client,which developmental task should a nurse identify as appropriate for this client?
A)To develop a basic trust in others
B) To achieve a sense of self-confidence and recognition from others
C) To reflect back on life events to derive pleasure and meaning
D) To achieve established life goals and consider the welfare of future generations

Accepted Answer

The nurse should identify that an appropriate developmental task for a 47-year-old client would be to achieve established life goals and consider the welfare of future generations.According to Erikson,the client would be in the generativity versus stagnation stage of development.

Question 5

A 6-year-old boy uses his father's flashlight to explore his 3-year-old sister's genitalia.According to Freud,in which stage of psychosocial development should a nurse identify this behavior as normal?
A) Oral
B) Anal
C) Phallic
D) Latency

Accepted Answer

The nurse should identify this behavior as normal because the 6-year-old client who focuses on genital organs is in the phallic stage of Freud's stages of psychosexual stages of development.Children in the phallic stage of development focus on genital organs and develop a sense of sexual identity.Identification with the same-sex parent also occurs at this stage.

Question 6

A client has flashbacks of sexual abuse by her uncle.She had not been aware of these memories until recently,when she became sexually active with her boyfriend.A nurse should identify this experience as which part of Sullivan's concept of the self-system?
A)The "good me"
B)The "bad me"
C)The "not me"
D)The "bad you"

Accepted Answer

The nurse should identify a client remembering sexual abuse when becoming sexually active with her boyfriend as experiencing the "not me" part of the personality.According to Sullivan,the "not me" part of the personality develops in response to situations that produced intense anxiety in childhood.

Question 7

Which underlying concept should a nurse associate with interpersonal theory when assessing clients?
A) The effects of social processes on personality development
B) The effects of unconscious processes and personality structures
C) The effects on thoughts and perceptual processes
D) The effects of chemical and genetic influences

Accepted Answer

The nurse should associate interpersonal theory with the underlying concept of effects of social process on personality development.Sullivan developed stages of personality development based on his theory of interpersonal relationships and their effect on personality and individual behavior.

Question 8

According to Freud,which statement should a nurse associate with predominance of the superego?
A) "No one is looking, so I will take three cigarettes from Mom's pack."
B) "I don't ever cheat on tests; it is wrong."
C) "If I skip school I will get in trouble and fail my test."
D) "Dad won't miss this little bit of vodka."

Accepted Answer

The nurse should associate the statement "I don't ever cheat on tests; it is wrong" as indicative of the predominance of the superego.Freud described the superego as the part of the personality that internalizes the values and morals set forth by primary caregivers.The superego can be referred to as the "perfection principle."

Question 9

A jilted college student is admitted to a hospital following a suicide attempt and states,"No one will ever love a loser like me." According to Erikson's theory of personality development,a nurse should recognize a deficit in which developmental stage?
A)Trust versus mistrust
B) Initiative versus guilt
C) Intimacy versus isolation
D) Ego integrity versus despair

Accepted Answer

The nurse should recognize that the client who states,"No one will ever love a loser like me" has not adequately completed the intimacy versus isolation stage of development.The intimacy versus isolation stage is presumed to occur in young adulthood between the ages of 20 and 30 years.The major developmental task in this stage is to establish intense,lasting relationships or commitment to another person,cause,institution,or creative effort.

Question 10

A father of a 5-year-old demeans and curses at his child for disobedience.In turn,when upset,the child uses swear words in kindergarten.A school nurse recognizes this behavior as unsuccessful completion of which stage of development according to Peplau?
A)"Learning to count on others"
B)"Learning to delay satisfaction"
C)"Identifying oneself"
D)"Developing skills in participation"

Accepted Answer

The nurse should identify that the child using swear words in kindergarten has not successfully completed the "identifying oneself" stage according to Peplau's interpersonal theory.During this stage of early childhood,a child learns to structure self-concept by observing how others interact with him or her.

Question 11

A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who is quarrelsome and opinionated and has little regard for others.According to Sullivan's interpersonal theory,the nurse should associate the client's behaviors with a previous deficit in which stage of development?
A)Infancy
B) Childhood
C) Early adolescence
D) Late adolescence

Accepted Answer

The nurse should associate the client's behavior with a deficit in the childhood stage of Sullivan's interpersonal theory.The childhood stage in Sullivan's interpersonal theory typically occurs from the ages of 18 months to 6 years of age,during which the child learns to experience a delay in personal gratification without undue anxiety.

Question 12

When assessing clients,a psychiatric nurse should understand that psychoanalytic theory is based on which underlying concept?
A) A possible genetic basis for the client problems
B) The structure and dynamics of the personality
C) Behavioral responses to stressors
D) Maladaptive cognitions

Accepted Answer

The nurse should understand that psychoanalytic theory is based on the underlying concepts of the structure and dynamics of personality.Psychoanalytic theory was developed by Sigmund Freud and explains the structure of personality in three different components: the id,ego,and superego.

Question 13

A nurse directs the client interaction and plans for interventions to achieve client goals.According to Peplau's framework for psychodynamic nursing,what therapeutic role is this nurse assuming?
A) The role of technical expert
B) The role of resource person
C) The role of teacher
D) The role of leader

Accepted Answer

The nurse who directs client interaction and plans for interventions is assuming the role of leader.According to Peplau,a leader directs the nurse-client interaction and ensures that actions are taken to achieve goals.

Question 14

A nurse observes a 3-year-old client willingly sharing candy with a sibling.According to Peplau,which psychological stage of development should the nurse recognize that this child has completed?
A)"Learning to count on others"
B)"Learning to delay satisfaction"
C)"Identifying oneself"
D)"Developing skills in participation"

Accepted Answer

The nurse should recognize that this client has completed the "Learning to delay satisfaction" stage of development according to Peplau's interpersonal theory.This stage typically occurs in toddlerhood when one learns the satisfaction of pleasing others.

Question 15

According to psychoanalytic theory,treatment of symptoms should involve which nursing action?
A)Modifying client behaviors by manipulating the environment
B) Expressing empathy and presenting reality
C) Encouraging the client to note cause and effects of actions
D) Recognizing and discussing the client's use of ego defense mechanisms

Accepted Answer

From a psychoanalytic perspective,understanding the use of ego defense mechanisms is important in making determinations about maladaptive behaviors,in planning care for clients to assist in creating change,or in helping clients accept themselves as unique individuals.

Question 16

A female complains that her husband only meets his sexual needs and never her needs.According to Freud,which personality structure should a nurse identify as predominantly driving the husband's actions?
A) The id
B) The superid
C) The ego
D) The superego

Accepted Answer

The nurse should identify that the husband's actions are driven by the predominance of the id.According to Freud,the id is the part of the personality that is identified as the pleasure principle.The id is the locus of instinctual drives.

Question 17

A 1-month-old infant is left alone for extended periods,has little physical stimulation,and is malnourished.Based on this infant's history,in which phase of development according to Mahler's theory should a nurse expect to see a potential deficit?
A) The symbiotic phase
B) The autistic phase
C) The consolidation phase
D) The rapprochement phase

Accepted Answer

The nurse should expect that a 1-month-old infant who is left alone,has little physical stimulation,and is malnourished would not meet the autistic phase of development.The autistic phase of development usually occurs from birth to 1 month,at which time the infant's focus is on basic needs and comfort.

Question 18

A 10-year-old child wins the science fair competition and is chosen as a cheerleader for the basketball team.A nurse should recognize that this child is in the process of successfully accomplishing which stage of Erikson's developmental theory?
A)Industry versus inferiority
B) Identity versus role confusion
C) Intimacy versus isolation
D) Generativity versus stagnation

Accepted Answer

The nurse should recognize that a 10-year-old child who is successful in school both academically and socially has successfully accomplished the industry versus inferiority developmental stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory.The industry versus inferiority stage of development usually occurs between 6 and 12 years of age,at which time individuals achieve a sense of self-confidence by learning,competing,performing successfully,and receiving recognition from others.

Question 19

A 12-year-old girl becomes hysterical every time she strikes out in softball,falls down when roller-skating,or loses when playing games.According to Peplau's interpersonal theory,in which stage of development should the nurse identify a need for improvement?
A)"Learning to count on others"
B)"Learning to delay satisfaction"
C)"Identifying oneself"
D) "Developing skills in participation"

Accepted Answer

The nurse should identify that this client needs to improve in the "Developing skills in participation" stage of Peplau's interpersonal theory.Older children in this phase learn the skills of compromise,competition,and cooperation with others.

Question 20

A married,26-year-old client works as a schoolteacher.She and her husband have just had their first child.A nurse should recognize that this client is successfully accomplishing which stage of Erikson's developmental theory?
A)Industry versus inferiority
B) Identity versus role confusion
C) Intimacy versus isolation
D) Generativity versus stagnation

Accepted Answer

The nurse should recognize that a 26-year-old client who is married and has a child has successfully accomplished the intimacy versus isolation stage of Erikson's developmental theory.The intimacy versus isolation stage of young adulthood involves forming lasting relationships.Achievement of this task results in the capacity for mutual love and respect.

Quiz 3: Theoretical Models of Personality Development

When a mother brings her 9-month-old to daycare,the child smiles and reaches for the daycare caregiver.The nurse should recognize that according to Mahler's developmental theory,this child's development is at which phase?

A physically healthy,35-year-old single client lives with parents who provide total financial support.According to Erikson's theory,which developmental task should a nurse assist the client to accomplish?

According to Peplau,a nurse who provides an abandoned child with parental guidance and praise following small accomplishments is serving which therapeutic role?

According to Erikson's developmental theory,when planning care for a 47-year-old client,which developmental task should a nurse identify as appropriate for this client?

A 6-year-old boy uses his father's flashlight to explore his 3-year-old sister's genitalia.According to Freud,in which stage of psychosocial development should a nurse identify this behavior as normal?

A client has flashbacks of sexual abuse by her uncle.She had not been aware of these memories until recently,when she became sexually active with her boyfriend.A nurse should identify this experience as which part of Sullivan's concept of the self-system?

Which underlying concept should a nurse associate with interpersonal theory when assessing clients?

According to Freud,which statement should a nurse associate with predominance of the superego?

A jilted college student is admitted to a hospital following a suicide attempt and states,"No one will ever love a loser like me." According to Erikson's theory of personality development,a nurse should recognize a deficit in which developmental stage?

A father of a 5-year-old demeans and curses at his child for disobedience.In turn,when upset,the child uses swear words in kindergarten.A school nurse recognizes this behavior as unsuccessful completion of which stage of development according to Peplau?

A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who is quarrelsome and opinionated and has little regard for others.According to Sullivan's interpersonal theory,the nurse should associate the client's behaviors with a previous deficit in which stage of development?

When assessing clients,a psychiatric nurse should understand that psychoanalytic theory is based on which underlying concept?

A nurse directs the client interaction and plans for interventions to achieve client goals.According to Peplau's framework for psychodynamic nursing,what therapeutic role is this nurse assuming?

A nurse observes a 3-year-old client willingly sharing candy with a sibling.According to Peplau,which psychological stage of development should the nurse recognize that this child has completed?

According to psychoanalytic theory,treatment of symptoms should involve which nursing action?

A female complains that her husband only meets his sexual needs and never her needs.According to Freud,which personality structure should a nurse identify as predominantly driving the husband's actions?

A 1-month-old infant is left alone for extended periods,has little physical stimulation,and is malnourished.Based on this infant's history,in which phase of development according to Mahler's theory should a nurse expect to see a potential deficit?

A 10-year-old child wins the science fair competition and is chosen as a cheerleader for the basketball team.A nurse should recognize that this child is in the process of successfully accomplishing which stage of Erikson's developmental theory?

A 12-year-old girl becomes hysterical every time she strikes out in softball,falls down when roller-skating,or loses when playing games.According to Peplau's interpersonal theory,in which stage of development should the nurse identify a need for improvement?

A married,26-year-old client works as a schoolteacher.She and her husband have just had their first child.A nurse should recognize that this client is successfully accomplishing which stage of Erikson's developmental theory?