Question 1

The sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) on a laboratory analysis is a reflection of the amount of:
A) unbound testosterone in body tissues.
B) free testosterone in body tissues.
C) bound testosterone in body tissues.
D) biologically active testosterone in body tissues.

Accepted Answer

SHBG binds to testosterone, making it unavailable for biological activity. Therefore, SHBG levels reflect the amount of bound testosterone in the body.

Question 2

Proper erectile functioning requires:
A) sympathetic stimulation with release of prostaglandins.
B) parasympathetic stimulation with release of nitric oxide.
C) dilation of the veins so that blood can flow outward.
D) full expansion of the corpus spongiosum.

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic stimulation releases nitric oxide, which causes dilation of the arteries and engorgement of the erectile tissue.

Question 3

Intrauterine contraceptive devices can contain progesterone. The addition of this hormone prevents ovulation by:
A) estrogen inhibition.
B) prevention of uterine contractions and implantation.
C) luteinizing hormone stimulation.
D) follicle-stimulating hormone inhibition.

Accepted Answer

Progesterone prevents ovulation by inhibiting the release of luteinizing hormone (LH), which is necessary for ovulation to occur.

Question 4

A woman wants to learn about the cervical method for contraception. She is taught that around ovulation, the cervical mucus changes and becomes:
A) thick and drier.
B) scant amount but slippery.
C) clear, slippery, and stretchy.
D) whitish and inelastic.

Accepted Answer

Around ovulation, cervical mucus becomes clear, slippery, and stretchy, resembling raw egg whites, which facilitates sperm movement.

Question 5

Implantation of the zygote usually occurs __________ after fertilization.
A) immediately
B) less than 1 day
C) 1-2 days
D) approximately 5-6 days

Accepted Answer

Implantation of the zygote typically occurs approximately 5-6 days after fertilization when the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall.

Question 6

Human chorionic gonadotropin is generally detected in some pregnancy tests, and a positive result reflects pregnancy. What is the purpose of this hormone during pregnancy?
A) It stimulates corpus luteum to produce estrogen and progesterone.
B) It stimulates follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone production.
C) It inhibits estrogen and progesterone.
D) It stimulates inhibin to suppress follicle-stimulating hormone.

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is crucial in early pregnancy as it stimulates the corpus luteum to produce estrogen and progesterone, which are essential for maintaining the uterine lining and supporting the early stages of pregnancy.

Question 7

Declining estrogen levels that occur with menopause can cause which of the following manifestations?
A) Vaginal atrophy
B) Decreased bone density
C) Increased vaginal lubrication
D) Increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
E) Both vaginal atrophy and decreased bone density

Accepted Answer

Declining estrogen levels during menopause can lead to vaginal atrophy and decreased bone density, increasing the risk of osteoporosis.

Question 8

What education should be provided to parents who have a son with an undescended testis?
A) Most testis will descend by 18 months.
B) Undescended testes do not alter fertility.
C) Later in life, he could be at risk for testicular cancer.
D) The only treatment is to remove the undescended testis.

Accepted Answer

Parents should be informed that an undescended testis can increase the risk of testicular cancer later in life.

Question 9

Erectile dysfunction can be an early warning sign of:
A) cardiovascular disease.
B) balanitis.
C) Peyronie disease.
D) testicular cancer.

Accepted Answer

Erectile dysfunction can be an early warning sign of cardiovascular disease because both conditions can result from poor blood flow due to blocked or narrowed blood vessels.

Question 10

A 55-year-old man is complaining of difficulty with having an erection. He explains he has erections sometimes at night or when he wakes up, and it has been a problem for about 6 months. He is married and denies any relational problems other than being tired often and not in the mood to engage in sexual intercourse. He has a history of hypertension and is taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme. He smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per day for 25 years. Initial diagnostic testing will include:
A) serum glucose testing, a lipid profile, and thyroid profile.
B) penile ultrasound.
C) serum sex-binding hormone globulin and prolactin.
D) cavernosography.

Accepted Answer

The patient's symptoms and history suggest possible vascular or metabolic causes of erectile dysfunction. Initial testing should include serum glucose, lipid profile, and thyroid profile to assess for diabetes, dyslipidemia, or thyroid dysfunction, which are common contributors to erectile dysfunction.

Question 11

A father brought his son to the emergency room because he has a painful erection that is not abating. His son has sickle cell anemia. He is diagnosed with priapism. How does sickle cell lead to priapism?
A) Too much blood is shunted to the corpus cavernosum.
B) The sickled red blood cells get trapped in the penis.
C) There is an increase in nitric oxide, which increases blood flow.
D) The sickled red blood cells cause trauma to the shaft.

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell anemia can lead to priapism because the sickled red blood cells can get trapped in the blood vessels of the penis, obstructing normal blood flow and causing a prolonged and painful erection.

Question 12

A man has been complaining that his scrotum sometimes feels heavy, and it seems to get worse as the day progresses. He says it's not too bothersome. An ultrasound is done and reveals the presence of a small hydrocele. You would explain that:
A) surgery is almost always necessary to remove the fluid.
B) he is at increased risk for testicular cancer.
C) most hydroceles go away on their own.
D) an inguinal hernia is the caus.

Accepted Answer

Most hydroceles in adults are benign and can resolve on their own without the need for surgical intervention.

Question 13

A 14-year-old boy was playing soccer and developed sudden acute testicular pain. He is at the emergency room. Clinical exam reveals a very painful, swollen, left testis. The most likely cause of this testicular pain is:
A) testicular cancer.
B) cryptorchidism.
C) varicocele.
D) testicular torsion.

Accepted Answer

Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that occurs when the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off the blood supply to the testis. It is characterized by sudden, severe testicular pain and swelling, often seen in adolescents.

Question 14

A cause of testicular torsion includes:
A) testicles that are not secure in the scrotum.
B) a long spermatic cord.
C) the testicle is in a longitudinal position.
D) epididymitis.

Accepted Answer

Testicular torsion occurs when the testicles are not properly secured in the scrotum, allowing them to twist and cut off blood supply.

Question 15

Structural uterine disorders that can cause heavy menstrual bleeding include:
A) leiomyoma (uterine fibroids).
B) thyroid disorders.
C) medications such as hormones.
D) coagulopathy.

Accepted Answer

Leiomyoma (uterine fibroids) are structural abnormalities of the uterus that can lead to heavy menstrual bleeding.

Question 16

Primary dysmenorrhea is usually the result of the excessive secretion of:
A) estrogen.
B) prostaglandin.
C) progesterone.
D) inhibin.

Accepted Answer

Primary dysmenorrhea is typically caused by the excessive secretion of prostaglandins, which lead to increased uterine contractions and pain.

Question 17

A general distinction between a leiomyosarcoma and a uterine fibroid is that the leiomyosarcoma
A) may manifest as a rapidly enlarging, firm fixed uterus.
B) grows very slowly and does not cause any symptoms.
C) only occurs in menopausal women.
D) is usually a disorder in young women.

Accepted Answer

Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor that can cause rapid enlargement of the uterus, unlike uterine fibroids which are benign and typically grow slowly.

Question 18

Functional ovarian cysts develop as a result of:
A) the nondominant follicle getting reabsorbed.
B) an enlarged corpus luteum.
C) the dominant follicle retaining fluid rather than releasing the egg.
D) a lack of fertilization.

Accepted Answer

Functional ovarian cysts develop when the dominant follicle retains fluid instead of releasing the egg during the menstrual cycle.

Question 19

Most women with polycystic ovarian syndrome have:
A) decreased sensitivity to luteinizing hormone.
B) excessive stimulation of follicle-stimulating hormone.
C) functional ovarian hyperandrogenism.
D) decreased gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

Accepted Answer

Most women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have functional ovarian hyperandrogenism, which is characterized by excessive production of androgens by the ovaries. This is a key feature of PCOS and contributes to symptoms such as irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism, and acne.

Question 20

The four different phenotypes to describe polycystic ovarian syndrome include which of the following?
A) Infertility
B) Amenorrhea
C) Hyperandrogenism
D) Oligo-anovulation
E) Hyperandrogenism and oligo-anovulation

Accepted Answer

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. The four different phenotypes to describe PCOS include:* Infertility* Amenorrhea* Hyperandrogenism* Oligo-anovulation* Hyperandrogenism and oligo-anovulation

Quiz 8: Reproductive Function

The sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) on a laboratory analysis is a reflection of the amount of:

Proper erectile functioning requires:

Intrauterine contraceptive devices can contain progesterone. The addition of this hormone prevents ovulation by:

A woman wants to learn about the cervical method for contraception. She is taught that around ovulation, the cervical mucus changes and becomes:

Implantation of the zygote usually occurs __________ after fertilization.

Human chorionic gonadotropin is generally detected in some pregnancy tests, and a positive result reflects pregnancy. What is the purpose of this hormone during pregnancy?

Declining estrogen levels that occur with menopause can cause which of the following manifestations?

What education should be provided to parents who have a son with an undescended testis?

Erectile dysfunction can be an early warning sign of:

A father brought his son to the emergency room because he has a painful erection that is not abating. His son has sickle cell anemia. He is diagnosed with priapism. How does sickle cell lead to priapism?

A man has been complaining that his scrotum sometimes feels heavy, and it seems to get worse as the day progresses. He says it's not too bothersome. An ultrasound is done and reveals the presence of a small hydrocele. You would explain that:

A 14-year-old boy was playing soccer and developed sudden acute testicular pain. He is at the emergency room. Clinical exam reveals a very painful, swollen, left testis. The most likely cause of this testicular pain is:

A cause of testicular torsion includes:

Structural uterine disorders that can cause heavy menstrual bleeding include:

Primary dysmenorrhea is usually the result of the excessive secretion of:

A general distinction between a leiomyosarcoma and a uterine fibroid is that the leiomyosarcoma

Functional ovarian cysts develop as a result of:

Most women with polycystic ovarian syndrome have:

The four different phenotypes to describe polycystic ovarian syndrome include which of the following?