Question 1

Neurotransmitters are released by the terminal buttons.

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are released by the terminal buttons at the end of axons.

Question 2

The neural plate develops into the brain and spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

The neural plate is a structure that forms during embryonic development and eventually gives rise to the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord.

Question 3

A child with high effortful control is able to maintain focus and is less distractible.

Accepted Answer

Effortful control refers to the ability to inhibit impulses and maintain focus in order to achieve goals. High levels of effortful control are associated with the ability to regulate emotions, maintain attention, and exhibit self-discipline. Therefore, a child with high effortful control is less distractible and able to maintain focus for longer periods of time.

Question 4

Less than 1 percent of American children do not have adequate food.

Accepted Answer

According to the USDA, as of 2020, about 10.5 percent of American households with children were food insecure, meaning they had limited or uncertain access to enough food for all household members to lead active, healthy lives. Within this group, about 3 in 10 are categorized as having very low food security, indicating that the food intake of one or more household members was reduced and their eating patterns disrupted because of a lack of money or other resources for food. Therefore, the statement that less than 1 percent of American children do not have adequate food is false.

Question 5

Infants typically triple their body weight by the time of their first birthday.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Infants usually triple their birth weight by their first year of life.

Question 6

Reflexes are learned responses.

Accepted Answer

Reflexes are automatic responses that occur without conscious thought or learning.

Question 7

Waking activity means that a baby is awake, calm, and attentive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Waking activity means that a baby is...

Question 8

Co-sleeping tends to be more common in cultures who value interdependence.

Accepted Answer

Co-sleeping is often seen as a way to promote bonding and closeness within families, which is highly valued in cultures that prioritize interdependent relationships. In contrast, cultures that prioritize independence may view co-sleeping as limiting a child's ability to develop self-reliance and autonomy.

Question 9

To locomote means to move.

Accepted Answer

To locomote means to move from one place to another.

Question 10

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)tracks blood flow in the brain.

Accepted Answer

fMRI technology measures changes in the levels of oxygen in the blood, which provides indirect information about neural activity in different regions of the brain.

Question 11

A mad cry is a more intense version of a basic cry.

Accepted Answer

A mad cry is characterized by more energy, force, and high-pitched sounds compared to a basic cry. It is typically associated with anger, frustration, or discomfort.

Question 12

Jeffrey is a three-year-old who is beginning to make connections between people's thoughts, intentions, and behaviors. According to Wellman (2002), Jeffrey is developing
A)a theory of mind.
B)a temperament.
C)motor skills.
D)retinal disparity.

Accepted Answer

According to Wellman (2002), the ability to understand that others have mental states that differ from one's own, such as beliefs, intentions, and desires, is referred to as a theory of mind. This ability typically emerges in children around 3-4 years old, which suggests that Jeffrey is developing this ability. Choices B, C, and D are not relevant to Jeffrey's development of understanding mental states.

Question 13

Experience does not influence brain development.

Accepted Answer

Experience plays a crucial role in brain development. The brain is constantly changing and adapting in response to experiences, which can shape its structure and function. This is known as neuroplasticity. Research has shown that experiences such as learning a new language, playing a musical instrument, or performing certain types of physical exercise can lead to changes in brain structure and function.

Question 14

Infant crying is typically accompanied by agitated and uncoordinated movement.

Accepted Answer

Infant crying is commonly accompanied by agitated and uncoordinated movement, as the crying is often a sign of discomfort or distress. The movement may include flailing arms and legs, arching of the back, and facial contortions.

Question 15

Breast-fed babies are ill less often than bottle-fed babies.

Accepted Answer

Breast milk contains antibodies that provide natural immunity to infants, thus making them less likely to get sick or develop infections.

Question 16

Body size is the key determinate of malnutrition in infancy.

Accepted Answer

Body size is a key factor in determining malnutrition in infancy. Infants who are small for their age or have a low birth weight are more likely to experience malnutrition due to inadequate nutrient intake or absorption. This can affect growth and development, leading to long-term health problems.

Question 17

Encouraging parents to have newborns sleep on their backs has lead to a significant reduction in the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends placing infants on their backs to sleep to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Since this recommendation was introduced in the 1990s, there has been a significant decline in SIDS cases.

Question 18

The human brain consists of four hemispheres.

Accepted Answer

The human brain consists of two hemispheres - the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere.

Question 19

Synaptic pruning significantly increases the number of neural connections in the brain.

Accepted Answer

Synaptic pruning actually decreases the number of neural connections in the brain, as weak or unused connections are eliminated to optimize brain function.

Question 20

REM sleep becomes significantly more common between birth and age two years.

Accepted Answer

REM sleep is more common in newborns and decreases as the child grows older, stabilizing around age two.

Quiz 3: Tools for Exploring the World: Physical, Perceptual, and Motor Development