Question 1

Which one of the following careers is least likely to involve emotional labor as an expected part of the job description?
A)food services
B)funeral director
C)construction worker
D)customer service reps

Accepted Answer

Emotional labor refers to the process of managing feelings and expressions to fulfill the emotional requirements of a job. Construction work, unlike the other options, primarily involves physical labor and skills rather than direct, ongoing emotional interaction with clients or customers, making it the least likely to involve emotional labor as an expected part of the job description.

Question 2

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild believes that the emotional labor associated with service workers can be as alienating an experience as
A)failing a test.
B)working on an assembly line.
C)shopping at a giant superstore.
D)jumping off a cliff.

Accepted Answer

Hochschild's concept of emotional labor focuses on the requirement for service workers to manage and sometimes manipulate their emotions as part of their job, similar to the alienation experienced by factory workers on an assembly line, as described by Marx. This comparison highlights the disconnection between one's internal feelings and external expressions, akin to the alienation of workers from the products of their labor in industrial settings.

Question 3

Think about a social structure you "step into" routinely - it might be a social structure at your place of employment, at a place you workout or eat. Describe that social structure in terms of its "invisible" power to direct behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Think about a social structure you "step...

Question 4

Javier suppresses feelings of envy at an award ceremony upon losing and congratulates the winner. Sociologist Arlie Hochschild called this
A)rationalization.
B)alienation.
C)impression management.
D)emotion work.

Accepted Answer

Emotion work refers to the process of managing one's emotions to fulfill the emotional requirements of a situation, such as suppressing feelings of envy to appear gracious in defeat.

Question 5

The process of impression management can be likened to
A)playing a game.
B)taking a test.
C)writing a book.
D)being an actor on stage.

Accepted Answer

Impression management is often compared to being an actor on stage because it involves presenting oneself in a certain way to influence how others perceive them, similar to how actors perform roles for an audience.

Question 6

Think about a job you would like to hold when  you complete college. Use Granovetter's theory to set a strategy for landing that job.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Think about a job you would like...

Question 7

A web of social relationships linking people to one another is known as
A)the division of labor.
B)weak ties.
C)strong ties.
D)a social network.

Accepted Answer

A social network refers to the web of social relationships that connect individuals to one another, encompassing both strong and weak ties among people.

Question 8

Relative to men, women are expected to manage emotions on the job and to hold jobs where emotion work is essential. This expectation ties into the cultural belief that women
A)are more authentic about emotions.
B)lose control of their emotions.
C)have deeper emotions.
D)are practiced at managing emotions.

Accepted Answer

Women are often culturally perceived as being more adept at managing emotions, which aligns with societal expectations for them to perform emotion work in their professional roles.

Question 9

For Arlie Hochschild, emotion work involves effort because it requires
A)actually changing one's true feelings.
B)faking an expected emotion.
C)trying to feel a certain way even if one does not succeed.
D)changing other's emotions.

Accepted Answer

Emotion work involves the effort to try to feel a certain way, even if one does not succeed, as it requires managing one's emotions to align with social expectations.

Question 10

Emotions are ______________ when certain displays of emotions are an expected part of a product or service being sold.
A)commodified
B)internalized
C)rationalized
D)dislocated

Accepted Answer

Emotions are commodified in contexts where their display is an integral part of a product or service being sold, meaning they are treated as a marketable commodity.

Question 11

Which one of the following characteristics applies to institutions?
A)Institutions have a history.
B)Institutions do not change over time.
C)Institution seeks to distribute rewards evenly.
D)Institutions are ideology free.

Accepted Answer

Institutions have a history, which means they are established entities with a background and development over time. This characteristic acknowledges that institutions evolve and adapt, reflecting changes in society, technology, and culture.

Question 12

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild makes the case that _____________ are under the most pressure to manage their emotions on the job.
A)minorities
B)females
C)males
D)younger workers

Accepted Answer

Hochschild's research, particularly in her book "The Managed Heart," focuses on the emotional labor required in many service jobs and argues that women are often expected to manage their emotions more than men, especially in professional settings. This is due to societal expectations and gender roles that dictate how women should behave and express themselves.

Question 13

The ____________ holds that people on average can use social networks to connect to just about anyone on the planet through six or fewer relationships.
A)theory of differential association
B)dramaturgical model
C)small world theory
D)theory of emotion work

Accepted Answer

The small world theory, often referred to as "six degrees of separation," suggests that all people are six or fewer social connections away from each other. This concept highlights how closely connected individuals are through their social networks.

Question 14

Granovetter learned that contacts who helped newly employed workers land their jobs were likely those that the job seekers
A)saw on a daily basis.
B)maintained sporadic contact with, such as a former classmate.
C)were related to.
D)knew from church.

Accepted Answer

Granovetter's research found that weak ties, such as those maintained sporadically with acquaintances like former classmates, were more likely to provide new job opportunities than strong ties like daily contacts or family members. This is because weak ties connect us to different social networks, offering access to information and opportunities not available within our immediate circle.

Question 15

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild extended the work of Erving Goffman by presenting "actors" as not only managing outer impressions but as also managing
A)other people's impressions.
B)their physical appearance.
C)their surroundings.
D)inner feelings or emotions.

Accepted Answer

Hochschild introduced the concept of "emotional labor," which involves managing inner feelings or emotions to fulfill the emotional requirements of a job, extending Goffman's idea of impression management.

Question 16

To measure the strength of a job seeker's ties to contacts, Granovetter
A)asked how often he/she saw a contact.
B)created a diagram of social ties.
C)asked for how long they knew contacts.
D)interviewed contacts to get a rating of closeness.

Accepted Answer

Granovetter measured the strength of ties by asking how often the job seeker saw a contact, which reflects the frequency of interaction and thus the strength of the relationship.

Question 17

Phrases like "I psyched myself up," "I tried hard not to feel disappointed," and "I let myself feel sad" get at the effort involved in
A)emotion work.
B)alienation.
C)rationalization.
D)internalization.

Accepted Answer

These phrases describe the process of managing one's emotions to meet the expectations of a situation, which is known as emotion work.

Question 18

In interviews with the workers who changed jobs, Granovetter learned that the contacts who helped them land the job were most often an old friend, a former co-worker, or former employer. In addition, that contact was likely to be someone with whom that worker had maintained sporadic contact over the years. Granovetter called these
A)the division of labor.
B)weak ties.
C)strong ties.
D)a social network.

Accepted Answer

Granovetter's concept of "weak ties" refers to those relationships that are not closely knit, such as old friends, former co-workers, or employers with whom one maintains sporadic contact. These ties are contrasted with "strong ties," which are close, frequent relationships. Granovetter found that weak ties are often more valuable for job seekers because they provide access to a wider range of information and opportunities.

Question 19

Which one of the following statements is false about social ties formed through digital technologies?
A)Digital technologies are not the first innovations to expand size and reach of networks.
B)Digital technologies help to maintain strong and weak ties.
C)Digital technologies expand opportunities to communicate.
D)Digital technologies neglect local connections.

Accepted Answer

Digital technologies do not neglect local connections; instead, they enhance both local and global connections by providing various platforms and tools for communication, thereby maintaining and even strengthening local ties alongside expanding global networks.

Question 20

Describe an every day item that has been institutionalized. In doing so, describe what it means for an item to be institutionalized and the controversy that item may have caused when it first came on the scene.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe an every day item that has...

Quiz 5: Social Interaction and Impression Management: With Emphasis on Relationships in a Digital Age

Which one of the following careers is least likely to involve emotional labor as an expected part of the job description?

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild believes that the emotional labor associated with service workers can be as alienating an experience as

Think about a social structure you "step into" routinely - it might be a social structure at your place of employment, at a place you workout or eat. Describe that social structure in terms of its "invisible" power to direct behavior.

Javier suppresses feelings of envy at an award ceremony upon losing and congratulates the winner. Sociologist Arlie Hochschild called this

The process of impression management can be likened to

Think about a job you would like to hold when you complete college. Use Granovetter's theory to set a strategy for landing that job.

A web of social relationships linking people to one another is known as

Relative to men, women are expected to manage emotions on the job and to hold jobs where emotion work is essential. This expectation ties into the cultural belief that women

For Arlie Hochschild, emotion work involves effort because it requires

Emotions are ______________ when certain displays of emotions are an expected part of a product or service being sold.

Which one of the following characteristics applies to institutions?

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild makes the case that _____________ are under the most pressure to manage their emotions on the job.

The ____________ holds that people on average can use social networks to connect to just about anyone on the planet through six or fewer relationships.

Granovetter learned that contacts who helped newly employed workers land their jobs were likely those that the job seekers

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild extended the work of Erving Goffman by presenting "actors" as not only managing outer impressions but as also managing

To measure the strength of a job seeker's ties to contacts, Granovetter

Phrases like "I psyched myself up," "I tried hard not to feel disappointed," and "I let myself feel sad" get at the effort involved in

Which one of the following statements is false about social ties formed through digital technologies?

Describe an every day item that has been institutionalized. In doing so, describe what it means for an item to be institutionalized and the controversy that item may have caused when it first came on the scene.