Question 1

One limitation of the family systems approach is that ____.
A) id processes are overemphasized but ego and superego processes are ignored
B) little research has been done to test the basic elements of the model
C) research has failed to support the theory's central idea that family relationships contribute to the development of mental disorders
D) research studies have generally not been rigorous in design

Accepted Answer

The answer of One limitation of the family systems approach...

Question 2

DSM-5 recognizes that some disorders are more prevalent in some cultures than in others. These changes show the influence of which model?
A) humanistic
B) existential
C) multicultural
D) multipath

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5's recognition of the prevalence of certain disorders in specific cultures reflects the influence of the multicultural model. This model emphasizes the importance of considering cultural, social, and familial influences on mental health, acknowledging that cultural context can significantly impact the expression, understanding, and treatment of mental disorders.

Question 3

Molly inherits a predisposition toward the development of depression, but does not develop depression until after her divorce. What model accounts for this example?
A) cognitive-behavioral
B) multicultural
C) family system
D) diathesis-stress

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model explains how a predisposition to a psychological disorder (diathesis) interacts with environmental stressors to trigger the onset of the disorder. In Molly's case, her genetic predisposition towards depression (diathesis) combined with a significant life stressor (her divorce) led to the development of depression, illustrating this model.

Question 4

Dr. Castillo says, "I look at psychopathology in terms of human suffering and the alienation that individuals now feel in an increasingly impersonal world. We are responsible for our actions, and responsible to others as well." Dr. Castillo's remarks best illustrate which approach?
A) humanistic
B) cognitive
C) post-Freudian
D) existential

Accepted Answer

Dr. Castillo's remarks reflect the existential approach, which emphasizes individual responsibility, the search for meaning, and the focus on human suffering and alienation in a seemingly impersonal world. This approach is concerned with understanding the human condition and the individual's existence within it.

Question 5

The humanistic and existential approaches have been most successful at ____.
A) explaining the relationship between inheritance and stress
B) creating a coherent theory of behavior
C) describing the human condition
D) developing a scientific body of evidence for its concepts

Accepted Answer

Humanistic and existential approaches focus on understanding the human experience, emphasizing personal growth, self-actualization, and the meaning of life, which aligns with describing the human condition.

Question 6

Are traditional psychoanalytic therapy and humanistic psychotherapies effective in helping severely disturbed people?
A) Only humanistic psychotherapies are effective; traditional psychoanalytic therapy is not.
B) Psychoanalytic and humanistic psychotherapies do not work well with severely disturbed people.
C) Both psychotherapies are designed to help severely disturbed people.
D) Only traditional psychoanalytic therapy is effective; humanistic psychotherapies are not.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic and humanistic psychotherapies often focus on self-exploration and may not directly address the specific needs or symptoms of severely disturbed individuals, who might benefit more from structured or symptom-focused therapies.

Question 7

Which early model of psychopathology believed that differences between various minority groups and their white counterparts resulted from minority groups somehow being "less" as the white majority?
A) the deficit model
B) the inferiority model
C) the Jensen model
D) the deprivation model

Accepted Answer

The inferiority model suggested that minority groups were inherently "less" than the white majority, attributing differences to supposed inherent deficiencies.

Question 8

The existential and humanistic approaches differ from one another in that the existentialists emphasize ____.
A) the need for society to control and restrict the antisocial impulses of individuals
B) responsibility to society as well as personal responsibility
C) the importance of the therapist's interpretation of the client's difficulties in life
D) optimism

Accepted Answer

Existentialists emphasize personal responsibility and the individual's responsibility to society, distinguishing their approach from humanistic psychology, which focuses more on personal growth and self-actualization.

Question 9

A reasonable criticism of the multicultural model is that it ____.
A) relies too heavily on scientific evidence for its assumptions
B) lacks empirical validation of its assumptions
C) makes biased, culture-bound assumptions about human nature
D) seeks to find universal explanations for mental health problems

Accepted Answer

The multicultural model is often criticized for lacking empirical validation of its assumptions, as it emphasizes cultural context and diversity, which can be challenging to quantify and study scientifically.

Question 10

As we learn more about human behavior and mental disorders, research suggests that ____.
A) behavioral explanations are superior to the others
B) cultural factors are more important than biological or psychological factors
C) biological, psychological, and cultural factors are all important
D) most of the models are so different that there is little room for their integration

Accepted Answer

Research in psychology increasingly supports a biopsychosocial model, which posits that biological, psychological, and cultural (social) factors all play a significant role in human behavior and mental disorders. This approach emphasizes the importance of considering multiple perspectives and levels of analysis to fully understand complex human phenomena.

Question 11

A psychologist who supports the multicultural model would most likely say that ____.
A) some cultures value family identity more than individuality
B) Western cultures value "belongingness" over individualism
C) European American therapists place too little importance on the problems within the person
D) almost all non-Western cultures value individuality over collectivity

Accepted Answer

Multicultural models in psychology emphasize the importance of cultural context in understanding behavior and identity. A psychologist supporting this model would recognize that some cultures prioritize family and group identity over the individualism that is often emphasized in Western cultures. This is why option A is correct, as it aligns with the multicultural perspective that cultural values significantly influence personal and social identity.

Question 12

Anita's therapist suggests that she enter into a therapy group that the therapist is starting. Which feature is least likely to be a benefit Anita will experience from participating in group therapy?
A) getting special attention from her therapist that she would not get in private sessions
B) developing new communication skills, social skills, and insights
C) becoming involved in a social situation so the therapist can see how Anita's behavior affects others
D) getting strong social and emotional support

Accepted Answer

Group therapy typically offers less individual attention from the therapist compared to private sessions, as the focus is on group dynamics and interactions.

Question 13

Alicia and Isaac are planning to get married. Before they begin to make plans, they want to ensure that they can deal effectively with conflicts that might arise from being raised in very different cultures. Among the potential problems they might encounter are their respective roles in the relationship and how to communicate their feelings to each other. They would most likely seek out a therapist who specializes in ____.
A) family therapy
B) behavioral therapy
C) couples therapy
D) group therapy

Accepted Answer

Couples therapy is the most relevant form of therapy for Alicia and Isaac since it focuses on improving communication, resolving conflicts, and strengthening relationships between partners, especially those from different cultural backgrounds facing issues related to their roles and communication.

Question 14

Joseph is a hardheaded scientist who puts high value on objective investigation and the clear definition of terms. The model of psychopathology he is most likely to value is ____.
A) humanistic
B) psychoanalytical
C) behavioral
D) existential

Accepted Answer

Joseph's emphasis on objective investigation and clear definition of terms aligns with the behavioral model of psychopathology, which focuses on observable behaviors and the ways in which they are learned.

Question 15

Before contemporary multicultural models were developed, racial differences in rates of mental disorder were often explained in terms of ____.
A) cultural deprivation
B) automatic thoughts
C) therapists' biases in diagnosis
D) double binds

Accepted Answer

Cultural deprivation was a common explanation for racial differences in rates of mental disorder before the development of contemporary multicultural models. This perspective suggested that certain cultures were lacking in some way, which contributed to higher rates of mental disorders among their populations.

Question 16

Tuyet-Hoa says, "I tend to focus on the individual and how that person can reach his or her full potential. I am optimistic that people can fulfill themselves when they are free of society's burdening expectations." Tuyet-Hoa's ideas sound most like ____.
A) Ellis's A-B-C theory of personality
B) Thorndike's "law of effect"
C) humanistic thinking
D) existential thinking

Accepted Answer

Tuyet-Hoa's emphasis on individual potential and freedom from societal expectations aligns with humanistic psychology, which focuses on individual growth, self-actualization, and the belief that humans are inherently good and capable of personal development.

Question 17

Which perspective is not really a systemized school of thought, and instead is more like a set of attitudes that emphasizes the individual's quest for meaning and personal responsibility for choices?
A) existential
B) cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) behavioral

Accepted Answer

Existential psychology focuses on the individual's quest for meaning and emphasizes personal responsibility for choices. It is not as systematized as the other schools of thought listed, such as cognitive, psychodynamic, or behavioral psychology, and is more characterized by a set of attitudes towards human existence.

Question 18

The conjoint family therapeutic approach developed by Virginia Satir stresses ____.
A) the importance of teaching message-sending and message-receiving skills to family members
B) the importance of shifting the balance of power from the identified patient to the entire family
C) that most family problems arise because family members are too involved with one another
D) that most family problems arise because family members are not sufficiently involved with one another

Accepted Answer

The conjoint family therapeutic approach developed by Virginia Satir stresses the importance of teaching message-sending and message-receiving skills to family members.

Question 19

Which approach would be most likely to emphasize how other people, especially significant others, influence our behavior?
A) family systems
B) existentialist
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Accepted Answer

Family systems theory emphasizes how our behavior is influenced by our relationships with family and other significant people in our lives.

Question 20

Humanistic therapists ____.
A) emphasize the use of specific techniques in therapy
B) withhold unconditional positive regard when clients are unwilling to accept personal responsibility
C) do not need training to develop clinical skills because it is their attitude that is paramount for effecting therapeutic change
D) believe that people are able to advance and grow on their own

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapists focus on the inherent potential of individuals to grow and self-actualize. They believe in the positive nature of humans and their ability to progress and improve on their own, given the right conditions, such as an environment of unconditional positive regard and empathy.

Quiz 2: Understanding and Treating Mental Disorders

One limitation of the family systems approach is that ____.

DSM-5 recognizes that some disorders are more prevalent in some cultures than in others. These changes show the influence of which model?

Molly inherits a predisposition toward the development of depression, but does not develop depression until after her divorce. What model accounts for this example?

Dr. Castillo says, "I look at psychopathology in terms of human suffering and the alienation that individuals now feel in an increasingly impersonal world. We are responsible for our actions, and responsible to others as well." Dr. Castillo's remarks best illustrate which approach?

The humanistic and existential approaches have been most successful at ____.

Are traditional psychoanalytic therapy and humanistic psychotherapies effective in helping severely disturbed people?

Which early model of psychopathology believed that differences between various minority groups and their white counterparts resulted from minority groups somehow being "less" as the white majority?

The existential and humanistic approaches differ from one another in that the existentialists emphasize ____.

A reasonable criticism of the multicultural model is that it ____.

As we learn more about human behavior and mental disorders, research suggests that ____.

A psychologist who supports the multicultural model would most likely say that ____.

Anita's therapist suggests that she enter into a therapy group that the therapist is starting. Which feature is least likely to be a benefit Anita will experience from participating in group therapy?

Joseph is a hardheaded scientist who puts high value on objective investigation and the clear definition of terms. The model of psychopathology he is most likely to value is ____.

Before contemporary multicultural models were developed, racial differences in rates of mental disorder were often explained in terms of ____.

Tuyet-Hoa says, "I tend to focus on the individual and how that person can reach his or her full potential. I am optimistic that people can fulfill themselves when they are free of society's burdening expectations." Tuyet-Hoa's ideas sound most like ____.

Which perspective is not really a systemized school of thought, and instead is more like a set of attitudes that emphasizes the individual's quest for meaning and personal responsibility for choices?

The conjoint family therapeutic approach developed by Virginia Satir stresses ____.

Which approach would be most likely to emphasize how other people, especially significant others, influence our behavior?

Humanistic therapists ____.