Question 1

Juanita visits a mental health center. She complains that her fatigue, anxiety, and inability to sleep keep her from enjoying life. If her symptoms are considered a form of abnormal behavior, it is because she is showing ____.
A) delusions and hallucinations
B) dysfunction
C) disorientation
D) deviation from the norm

Accepted Answer

Her symptoms indicate a dysfunction as they interfere with her daily life and ability to enjoy life, which is a key criterion for abnormal behavior.

Question 2

Sensory misperceptions, which may include hearing voices others do not hear or seeing things other do not see, are called ____.
A) dysfunctions
B) disorientations
C) delusions
D) hallucinations

Accepted Answer

Hallucinations are sensory experiences that appear real but are created by the mind, such as hearing voices or seeing things that others do not see, fitting the description given.

Question 3

During a diagnostic interview, a psychiatrist asks the client how he has been functioning in normal social interactions. These questions are designed to assess ____.
A) disorientation
B) discomfort
C) distress
D) dysfunction

Accepted Answer

The answer of During a diagnostic interview, a psychiatrist asks...

Question 4

One way to assess dysfunction is in terms of the discrepancy between ____.
A) thoughts and feelings
B) expectations and attitudes
C) cultural norms and actual behavior
D) role requirements and actual performance

Accepted Answer

Role requirements and actual performance are the correct answer because dysfunction can be assessed by comparing the expectations of a role with the actual performance of the individual in that role.

Question 5

Dr. Karlin specializes in working with clients whose emotional problems interfere with their ability to work effectively or to engage in meaningful relationships. She focuses on which criterion of abnormality?
A) distress
B) deviance
C) dangerousness
D) dysfunction

Accepted Answer

Dr. Karlin's focus on clients whose emotional problems interfere with their ability to work effectively or to engage in meaningful relationships aligns with the criterion of dysfunction. Dysfunction refers to the impairment in one's ability to perform necessary daily functions.

Question 6

According to Thomas Szasz, ____ .
A) mental illness is a fictional creation by society used to control and change people
B) the causes for most mental disorders will ultimately be found in brain pathology
C) individuals who are suffering from mental illnesses have biological diseases
D) medication is far superior to psychotherapy in reducing the suffering of individuals with mental disorders

Accepted Answer

Thomas Szasz argued that the concept of mental illness is a social construct used by society to stigmatize and control behaviors that deviate from the norm, rather than a true biological pathology.

Question 7

Headache is to ____ as delusions are to ____.
A) dysfunction; deviance
B) discomfort; deviance
C) deviance; dysfunction
D) discomfort; dysfunction

Accepted Answer

Headache is a form of discomfort, similar to how delusions are a form of deviance from normal mental processes or perceptions.

Question 8

Kunti, a Black slave who works on a Southern plantation in the 18^th century, tries to escape to freedom. A psychological diagnosis at that time would likely be that Kunti ____. A) has a normal desire to be free B) suffers from drapetomania C) suffers from an anxiety disorder D) is expressing a statistical anomaly

Accepted Answer

During the 19th century, the pseudoscientific term "drapetomania" was coined by American physician Samuel A. Cartwright to describe what he believed was a mental illness causing Black slaves to flee captivity. This reflects the racist and unfounded medical beliefs of the time, rather than a legitimate diagnosis.

Question 9

Thomas Szasz believes that ____.
A) unusual belief systems are not necessarily wrong
B) abnormal behavior reflects an illness
C) psychologists are better trained than other professionals to diagnose abnormality
D) people who have problems of living are suffering from mental illness

Accepted Answer

Thomas Szasz is known for his criticisms of the concept of mental illness. He argues that what is often labeled as mental illness is actually a deviation from societal norms or problems in living, rather than an actual illness. He believes that unusual belief systems are not necessarily wrong or indicative of an illness.

Question 10

The American Psychiatric Association has published a manual that is the most widely used classification system of psychological disorders. What is this manual called?
A) International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
B) Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR)
C) Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM)
D) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Accepted Answer

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the most widely used classification system of psychological disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association.

Question 11

A psychologist considers the importance of an individual's background in determining abnormal behavior. What is the psychologist considering?
A) cultural relativism
B) cultural universality
C) multipath
D) statistical deviance

Accepted Answer

Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture. This includes understanding what is considered normal or abnormal behavior within the context of the individual's cultural background.

Question 12

Early psychological research, such as that by Emil Kraepelin, supported which viewpoint about abnormality?
A) social
B) biological
C) psychological
D) psychopathological

Accepted Answer

Emil Kraepelin is considered a founding figure in the biological perspective on mental disorders, emphasizing the importance of biological factors in the development of mental illnesses.

Question 13

Consider the statement, "A behavior pattern in an individual that is associated with distress or disability, and is not merely an expectable response to common stressors or losses." This is most consistent with the definition of abnormal behavior of ____.
A) humanistic psychologists
B) the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
C) cultural relativists
D) the National Institute of Mental Health

Accepted Answer

The statement aligns with the definition of abnormal behavior as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The DSM emphasizes behaviors that are associated with distress or disability and are not normal reactions to life's events.

Question 14

The concept of ____ assumes that certain mental disorders exist across cultures; ____ suggests that mental disorders may manifest differently and certain disorders may only be found in some cultures.
A) cultural universality; cultural relativism
B) cultural relativism; cultural universality
C) cultural relativism; cultural constellation
D) cultural diversity; cultural universality

Accepted Answer

Cultural universality assumes that certain mental disorders are seen across different cultures, while cultural relativism suggests that the manifestation and presence of mental disorders can vary by culture, with some disorders being unique to specific cultures.

Question 15

The most fruitful approach to using multicultural criteria is to rely on ____.
A) neither cultural universality nor cultural relativism
B) the cultural relativism approach
C) the cultural universality approach
D) some combination of cultural relativism and cultural universality

Accepted Answer

The most effective approach to applying multicultural criteria involves integrating aspects of both cultural relativism (understanding cultures on their own terms) and cultural universality (identifying commonalities across cultures). This combination allows for a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of cultural phenomena.

Question 16

Mel took out a gun and threatened a fellow student, stating that he intended to kill him. Mel's statements illustrate ____.
A) delusions
B) disorientation
C) dangerousness
D) hallucinations

Accepted Answer

Mel's actions and statements indicate dangerousness, as he is threatening harm to another person. This does not necessarily imply delusions, disorientation, or hallucinations without further context indicating a detachment from reality or sensory experiences without external stimuli.

Question 17

Teresa, normally an energetic mother of three small children, is suddenly unable to go shopping, prepare meals, or even dress her children. Teresa's behavior illustrates the practical definition of abnormality called ____.
A) disorientation
B) discomfort
C) dysfunction
D) deviance

Accepted Answer

Teresa's inability to perform her usual daily activities indicates a dysfunction, which is a key aspect of the practical definition of abnormality. This term refers to when someone's behavior interferes with their ability to conduct daily activities and fulfill their roles.

Question 18

Jack carries on conversations with creatures only he can see in a language that no one else can understand. Jack says the creatures instruct him to crush insects that only Jack can see. Jack is experiencing ____.
A) delusions
B) discomfort
C) hallucinations
D) disorientation

Accepted Answer

Jack is experiencing hallucinations, which are perceptions in the absence of external stimuli, such as seeing creatures or hearing them speak in a language that doesn't exist to others.

Question 19

Dr. Henry conducts an epidemiological study to assess the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia in the United States. Dr. Henry is assessing ____.
A) the percentage of people in the United States who suffer from schizophrenia
B) the number of people in the United States who have had schizophrenia within a certain period of time
C) the total proportion of people in the United States who have ever suffered from schizophrenia
D) the age of onset for people in the United States who have schizophrenia

Accepted Answer

Lifetime prevalence refers to the proportion of individuals in a population who have ever had a condition at any point in their life up to the time of assessment. Therefore, option C, which describes the total proportion of people who have ever suffered from schizophrenia, accurately reflects what Dr. Henry is assessing.

Question 20

"You must understand the values and expectations of the society in which behavior occurs before you decide that abnormality exists." This quote best reflects which view of abnormality?
A) traditional
B) cultural relativism
C) epidemiological
D) cultural universality

Accepted Answer

The quote emphasizes the importance of considering the cultural context when determining what constitutes abnormal behavior, which aligns with the principles of cultural relativism. Cultural relativism suggests that what is considered normal or abnormal behavior can vary greatly from one culture to another, and understanding these cultural norms is crucial in making such judgments.

Quiz 1: Abnormal Behavior

Juanita visits a mental health center. She complains that her fatigue, anxiety, and inability to sleep keep her from enjoying life. If her symptoms are considered a form of abnormal behavior, it is because she is showing ____.

Sensory misperceptions, which may include hearing voices others do not hear or seeing things other do not see, are called ____.

During a diagnostic interview, a psychiatrist asks the client how he has been functioning in normal social interactions. These questions are designed to assess ____.

One way to assess dysfunction is in terms of the discrepancy between ____.

Dr. Karlin specializes in working with clients whose emotional problems interfere with their ability to work effectively or to engage in meaningful relationships. She focuses on which criterion of abnormality?

According to Thomas Szasz, ____ .

Headache is to as delusions are to .

Kunti, a Black slave who works on a Southern plantation in the 18^th century, tries to escape to freedom. A psychological diagnosis at that time would likely be that Kunti ____.

Thomas Szasz believes that ____.

The American Psychiatric Association has published a manual that is the most widely used classification system of psychological disorders. What is this manual called?

A psychologist considers the importance of an individual's background in determining abnormal behavior. What is the psychologist considering?

Early psychological research, such as that by Emil Kraepelin, supported which viewpoint about abnormality?

Consider the statement, "A behavior pattern in an individual that is associated with distress or disability, and is not merely an expectable response to common stressors or losses." This is most consistent with the definition of abnormal behavior of ____.

The concept of assumes that certain mental disorders exist across cultures; suggests that mental disorders may manifest differently and certain disorders may only be found in some cultures.

The most fruitful approach to using multicultural criteria is to rely on ____.

Mel took out a gun and threatened a fellow student, stating that he intended to kill him. Mel's statements illustrate ____.

Teresa, normally an energetic mother of three small children, is suddenly unable to go shopping, prepare meals, or even dress her children. Teresa's behavior illustrates the practical definition of abnormality called ____.

Jack carries on conversations with creatures only he can see in a language that no one else can understand. Jack says the creatures instruct him to crush insects that only Jack can see. Jack is experiencing ____.

Dr. Henry conducts an epidemiological study to assess the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia in the United States. Dr. Henry is assessing ____.

"You must understand the values and expectations of the society in which behavior occurs before you decide that abnormality exists." This quote best reflects which view of abnormality?