Question 1

To Pavlov, the phenomenon of _____ indicated that extinction is not simply a process of unlearning the conditioning that has taken place.
A) blocking
B) overshadowing
C) stimulus discrimination
D) spontaneous recovery

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery refers to the reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of apparent extinction, suggesting that the original learning is not unlearned but rather suppressed, which was key to Pavlov's understanding of the extinction process.

Question 2

The term _____ refers to the sudden recovery of a conditioned response during an extinction procedure when a _____ stimulus is introduced.
A) dishabituation; familiar
B) disinhibition; novel
C) dishabituation; novel
D) disinhibition; familiar

Accepted Answer

Disinhibition refers to the sudden recovery of a conditioned response during an extinction procedure when a novel stimulus is introduced.

Question 3

Which of the following processes is equivalent to a roller-coaster ride that gradually flattens out? 
A) Dishabituation
B) Blocking
C) Spontaneous recovery
D) Occasion setting

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery refers to the reappearance of a previously extinguished response after a period without exposure to the conditioned stimulus. This is similar to a roller-coaster ride that gradually flattens out because the response diminishes over time but can suddenly reappear, much like the unexpected return of excitement or fear on a roller-coaster as it levels off.

Question 4

Jollena decided to confront her fear of dogs by volunteering to look after Arnold, the neighbor's golden retriever. By the end of the first day, she was becoming quite comfortable around Arnold. However, when the smoke detector accidentally went off, she found that some of her fear toward Arnold had returned. This is an example of
A) resensitization.
B) spontaneous recovery.
C) sensitization.
D) disinhibition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jollena decided to confront her fear of...

Question 5

Spontaneous recovery tends to _____ across repeated sessions of extinction.
A) decrease
B) increase
C) remain constant
D) fluctuate unpredictably

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery, the reappearance of a previously extinguished response, tends to decrease across repeated sessions of extinction as the learned association becomes weaker and less likely to reappear after each extinction phase.

Question 6

The tendency for a CR to occur in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to the _____ is called stimulus _____.
A) CS; generalization
B) US; generalization
C) CS; discrimination
D) US; discrimination

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization occurs when a conditioned response (CR) is triggered by stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus (CS), indicating that the organism does not distinguish between the CS and similar stimuli.

Question 7

If your anxiety while giving a speech in class gradually fades, it may suddenly recover when a noisy ceiling fan starts up or someone walks in late. This is an example of _____.
A) disinhibition
B) short-term habituation
C) blocking
D) overshadowing

Accepted Answer

Disinhibition occurs when a novel stimulus interrupts the habituation process to a previous stimulus, causing a temporary recovery of the response, such as anxiety in this scenario.

Question 8

Semantic generalization is the generalization of a conditioned response to a(n) _____ that is _____ the conditioned stimulus.
A) visual stimulus; similar to
B) olfactory stimulus; more intense than
C) verbal stimulus; similar in meaning to
D) verbal stimulus; similar in sound to

Accepted Answer

Semantic generalization occurs when a conditioned response is generalized to verbal stimuli that are similar in meaning to the conditioned stimulus, not necessarily in sound or related to other sensory modalities.

Question 9

Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a _____ following a rest period after _____.
A) CS; extinction
B) CR; extinction
C) CS; disinhibition
D) CR; disinhibition

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery refers to the reappearance of a conditioned response (CR) after a period of rest following its extinction.

Question 10

Toward the end of a day in which she attended several interviews, Susan began to feel quite relaxed. Unfortunately, during the last interview, a phone rang and disrupted the interview. Interestingly, it also brought back some of Susan's nervousness. This scenario is an example of
A) habituation.
B) spontaneous recovery.
C) disinhibition.
D) sensitization.

Accepted Answer

Disinhibition occurs when a previously extinguished response reappears due to a novel stimulus, such as a phone ringing, which disrupted Susan's relaxed state and brought back her nervousness.

Question 11

Pavlov regarded _____ as evidence that extinction involves the _____ of a response.
A) dishabituation; unlearning
B) spontaneous recovery; unlearning
C) dishabituation; inhibition
D) spontaneous recovery; inhibition

Accepted Answer

Pavlov regarded spontaneous recovery (the reappearance of a conditioned response after extinction and a period of rest) as evidence that extinction involves the inhibition of a response rather than its unlearning. This suggests that the conditioned response is suppressed, not erased.

Question 12

Support for the notion that extinction involves a buildup of inhibition is provided by a phenomenon known as  _____.
A) occasion setting
B) disinhibition
C) sensitization
D) latent inhibition

Accepted Answer

Disinhibition refers to a situation where a behavior that has been previously suppressed (extinguished) reappears following the presentation of a novel stimulus. This supports the idea that extinction involves the buildup of inhibition because the novel stimulus temporarily disrupts this inhibition, allowing the behavior to manifest again.

Question 13

_____ is the sudden recovery of a conditioned response during an extinction procedure when a novel (unfamiliar) stimulus is introduced.
A) Inhibition
B) Disinhibition
C) Dishabituation
D) Unlearning

Accepted Answer

Disinhibition occurs when a novel stimulus interrupts the extinction process of a previously extinguished response, causing the response to temporarily reappear.

Question 14

Disinhibition is similar to dishabituation in that both involve
A) classical conditioning.
B) extinction.
C) spontaneous recovery.
D) novel stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Disinhibition and dishabituation both involve a response to novel stimuli, where the presence of a new stimulus can temporarily restore a response that had previously diminished or habituated.

Question 15

To Pavlov, the existence of spontaneous recovery indicated that extinction is NOT simply a process of
A) inhibition.
B) suppression.
C) unlearning.
D) Both a and b are correct.

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery, where a previously extinguished response reappears after a period of no exposure to the conditioned stimulus, suggests that the original learning is not unlearned but rather inhibited or suppressed, indicating that extinction does not erase the learned association.

Question 16

Spontaneous recovery differs from disinhibition in that the latter requires the presence of
A) the CS.
B) the US.
C) the CS and the US.
D) a novel stimulus.

Accepted Answer

Disinhibition involves the reappearance of a conditioned response (CR) in the presence of a novel stimulus, indicating that the novel stimulus can temporarily override the suppression of the CR. Spontaneous recovery, on the other hand, refers to the reappearance of the CR after a period of rest without any new learning sessions, and does not specifically require a novel stimulus.

Question 17

If a rat always receives a shock following the presentation of an 800-Hz tone, it will show a stronger fear response to the presentation of a(n) _____ tone than a _____ tone.
A) 820-Hz; 1000-Hz
B) 1000-Hz; 900-Hz
C) 620-Hz; 700-Hz
D) Both b and c are correct.

Accepted Answer

The rat will show a stronger fear response to a tone that is closer in frequency to the 800-Hz tone it was conditioned with (820-Hz) than to a tone that is much different in frequency (1000-Hz). This is due to the principle of stimulus generalization in classical conditioning, where the closer a stimulus is to the conditioned stimulus, the stronger the conditioned response will be.

Question 18

Stimulus generalization in classical conditioning is the tendency for a _____ to occur in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to the _____.
A) CS; US
B) CR; US
C) CR; CS
D) UR; US

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization in classical conditioning refers to the tendency for the conditioned response (CR) to be elicited by stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus (CS), not just the CS itself.

Question 19

The generalization of a conditioned response to a word that is similar in meaning to a conditioned stimulus is called
A) verbal generalization.
B) semantic generalization.
C) verbal discrimination.
D) semantic discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Semantic generalization occurs when a conditioned response is elicited by words or concepts that are similar in meaning to the original conditioned stimulus, indicating a generalization based on the meaning of the stimuli rather than their specific form or context.

Question 20

If a pigeon always receives a frightening air blast following the presentation of a red light, it will show a stronger fear response to the presentation of a(n) _____ light than a(n) _____ light.
A) red; orange-reddish
B) orange-reddish; red
C) orange-reddish; orange
D) Both a and c are correct

Accepted Answer

The pigeon will show a stronger fear response to the red light, which is directly associated with the air blast, compared to an orange-reddish light or an orange light, which are less similar to the conditioned stimulus (red light). This is due to the principle of stimulus generalization, where stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus elicit a response, but the response weakens as the stimulus becomes less similar.

Quiz 4: Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

To Pavlov, the phenomenon of _____ indicated that extinction is not simply a process of unlearning the conditioning that has taken place.

The term _ refers to the sudden recovery of a conditioned response during an extinction procedure when a _ stimulus is introduced.

Which of the following processes is equivalent to a roller-coaster ride that gradually flattens out?

Spontaneous recovery tends to _____ across repeated sessions of extinction.

The tendency for a CR to occur in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to the _ is called stimulus _.

If your anxiety while giving a speech in class gradually fades, it may suddenly recover when a noisy ceiling fan starts up or someone walks in late. This is an example of _____.

Semantic generalization is the generalization of a conditioned response to a(n) _ that is _ the conditioned stimulus.

Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a _ following a rest period after _.

Toward the end of a day in which she attended several interviews, Susan began to feel quite relaxed. Unfortunately, during the last interview, a phone rang and disrupted the interview. Interestingly, it also brought back some of Susan's nervousness. This scenario is an example of

Pavlov regarded _ as evidence that extinction involves the _ of a response.

Support for the notion that extinction involves a buildup of inhibition is provided by a phenomenon known as _____.

_____ is the sudden recovery of a conditioned response during an extinction procedure when a novel (unfamiliar) stimulus is introduced.

Disinhibition is similar to dishabituation in that both involve

To Pavlov, the existence of spontaneous recovery indicated that extinction is NOT simply a process of

Spontaneous recovery differs from disinhibition in that the latter requires the presence of

If a rat always receives a shock following the presentation of an 800-Hz tone, it will show a stronger fear response to the presentation of a(n) _ tone than a _ tone.

Stimulus generalization in classical conditioning is the tendency for a _ to occur in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to the _.

The generalization of a conditioned response to a word that is similar in meaning to a conditioned stimulus is called

If a pigeon always receives a frightening air blast following the presentation of a red light, it will show a stronger fear response to the presentation of a(n) _ light than a(n) _ light.