Question 1

In the context of the components of a typical expert system, _____ is similar to a database, but in addition to storing facts and figures it keeps track of rules and explanations associated with facts.
A)a knowledge acquisition facility
B)a knowledge base
C)factual knowledge
D)heuristic knowledge

Accepted Answer

A knowledge base in an expert system not only stores facts and figures but also keeps track of the rules and explanations associated with those facts, distinguishing it from a simple database.

Question 2

In fuzzy logic, a degree of membership indicates _______.
A)how to solve a problem
B)whether a series of actions will result in a solution
C)whether the answer is yes or no
D)how relevant an item or object is to a set

Accepted Answer

The degree of membership in fuzzy logic quantifies how relevant or how much an item belongs to a set, reflecting the concept of partial truth where something can be partially true and partially false at the same time.

Question 3

_____ mimic the process of natural evolution to generate solutions to optimization and search problems.
A)Genetic algorithms
B)Greedy algorithms
C)Firefly algorithms
D)Backtracking algorithms

Accepted Answer

Genetic algorithms are inspired by the process of natural selection and mimic biological evolution to find optimal solutions.

Question 4

_____ is a problem-solving technique where each problem in a database is stored with a description and keywords that identify it.
A)Rule-based reasoning
B)Inductive reasoning
C)Abductive reasoning
D)Case-based reasoning

Accepted Answer

Case-based reasoning is a problem-solving technique where problems are stored in a database with descriptions and keywords for identification, allowing for solutions to be derived from past cases.

Question 5

_____ consists of related technologies that try to simulate and reproduce human thought behavior, including thinking, speaking, feeling, and reasoning.
A)Cloud computing
B)Data mining
C)Artificial intelligence
D)Grid computing

Accepted Answer

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science that focuses on creating systems capable of performing tasks that normally require human intelligence. These tasks include learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and understanding language.

Question 6

_____ computing refers to a computing environment that is always present, can feel our surroundings, and-based on who we are, where we are, and whom we are with-offer recommendations.
A)Distributed
B)Contextual
C)Grid
D)Cluster

Accepted Answer

Contextual computing refers to systems that are aware of their context, such as the user's location, preferences, and surroundings, and can provide relevant information or recommendations based on that context.

Question 7

_____ allows a smooth, gradual transition between human and computer vocabularies and deals with variations in linguistic terms by using a degree of membership.
A)Fuzzy logic
B)Digital analysis
C)Data mining
D)Finite automata

Accepted Answer

Fuzzy logic allows for a smooth, gradual transition between human and computer vocabularies by dealing with variations in linguistic terms through the concept of a degree of membership, rather than binary true/false or yes/no answers. This makes it uniquely suited for handling imprecise or uncertain information.

Question 8

A(n) _____ is the component of an expert system that performs tasks similar to what a human expert does by explaining to end users how recommendations are derived.
A)user interface
B)explanation facility
C)inference engine
D)knowledge base

Accepted Answer

The explanation facility is the component of an expert system that explains to end users how recommendations are derived, mimicking the role of a human expert in explaining their thought process.

Question 9

In a case-based reasoning system, the CBS system _____ if there is no exact match between the new case and cases stored in the database.
A)can query the user for clarification
B)can request that the user reprogram the system
C)automatically terminates
D)designs a new solution

Accepted Answer

Case-based reasoning systems can ask for more information or clarification from the user when an exact match is not found in the database, allowing for better decision-making or problem-solving based on similar past cases.

Question 10

In a natural-language processing (NLP)system, the _____ activity involves using the computer to read large amounts of text and understanding the information well enough to summarize important points and store information so that the system can respond to inquiries about the content.
A)interfacing
B)knowledge acquisition
C)analysis
D)data warehousing

Accepted Answer

Knowledge acquisition in NLP involves reading and understanding large amounts of text to summarize key points and store information for future inquiries, fitting the description provided.

Question 11

In the context of the components of a typical expert system, _____ is a software package with manual or automated methods for acquiring and incorporating new rules and facts so that the expert system is capable of growth.
A)knowledge base
B)monitoring and surveillance agent
C)knowledge acquisition facility
D)personal agent

Accepted Answer

The knowledge acquisition facility is a component of an expert system designed to allow the system to acquire new knowledge, either through manual input from human experts or through automated methods. This enables the expert system to grow and adapt by incorporating new rules and facts.

Question 12

_____ are used when data is fuzzy and uncertainty is involved.
A)Virtual reality simulations
B)Artificial neural networks
C)Backtracking algorithms
D)Monitoring and surveillance agents

Accepted Answer

Artificial neural networks are designed to mimic the human brain and are particularly effective in handling situations where data is fuzzy and there is a significant amount of uncertainty. They can learn from examples and make decisions based on the patterns they recognize, making them suitable for complex problem-solving where traditional algorithms might struggle.

Question 13

In case-based reasoning, when a solution is found it is ________ for future use.
A)revised and redesigned
B)compared with other solutions
C)retained as part of the library
D)reprogrammed as part of the system

Accepted Answer

In case-based reasoning, when a solution is found, it is retained as part of the library for future use. This allows the system to reference past cases and solutions to solve new problems more efficiently.

Question 14

To solve a problem, a case-based reasoning application first ________ the most similar case from the library of past cases.
A)retrieves
B)reconfigures
C)revises
D)repairs

Accepted Answer

Case-based reasoning applications first retrieve the most similar case from their library of past cases to solve a new problem, using the similarities to guide the solution process.

Question 15

In the context of the different techniques used by an inference engine to manipulate a series of rules, _____ refers to a series of "if-then-else" condition pairs.
A)forward chaining
B)backward chaining
C)inductive reasoning
D)abductive reasoning

Accepted Answer

Forward chaining involves the use of "if-then-else" condition pairs, where the inference engine starts with the available data and uses the rules to infer more data until a goal is reached.

Question 16

In a natural-language processing (NLP)system, the _____ activity involves accepting human language as input, carrying out the corresponding command, and generating the necessary output.
A)interfacing
B)knowledge acquisition
C)analysis
D)data warehousing

Accepted Answer

Interfacing involves accepting human language as input, carrying out the corresponding command, and generating the necessary output.

Question 17

Which system provides an easier way for people to communicate with a computer than a graphical user interface (GUI)?
A)data mining
B)transaction-processing
C)natural-language processing
D)data abstraction

Accepted Answer

Natural-language processing (NLP) allows humans to interact with computers using everyday language, making it easier than using a graphical user interface (GUI) that requires navigation through menus and icons.

Question 18

In case-based reasoning, each case in the database is stored with _____.
A)a solution to the case
B)a description and keywords that identify the case
C)data from previous cases like the current case
D)questions about the case

Accepted Answer

A case in case-based reasoning is stored with a description and keywords that identify the case. This allows the case to be retrieved later when a similar case is encountered.

Question 19

In the context of the types of decision-making analyses, what type of analysis is used in decision support systems?
A)case-based
B)what-is
C)what-if
D)rule-based

Accepted Answer

What-if analysis is used in decision support systems to simulate different scenarios and predict their outcomes, helping in making informed decisions.

Question 20

Some banks use a -based reasoning system to qualify customers for loans, using _____.
A)bots designed to locate new customers
B)recommendations from loan officers
C)parameters from past customers stored in a database
D)email marketing campaigns based on past customer interactions

Accepted Answer

Case-based reasoning systems in banks for qualifying customers for loans typically use parameters from past customers stored in a database. This allows the system to compare new loan applications against historical data to make decisions.

Quiz 13: Artificial Intelligence and Automation

In the context of the components of a typical expert system, _____ is similar to a database, but in addition to storing facts and figures it keeps track of rules and explanations associated with facts.

In fuzzy logic, a degree of membership indicates _______.

_____ mimic the process of natural evolution to generate solutions to optimization and search problems.

_____ is a problem-solving technique where each problem in a database is stored with a description and keywords that identify it.

_____ consists of related technologies that try to simulate and reproduce human thought behavior, including thinking, speaking, feeling, and reasoning.

_____ computing refers to a computing environment that is always present, can feel our surroundings, and-based on who we are, where we are, and whom we are with-offer recommendations.

_____ allows a smooth, gradual transition between human and computer vocabularies and deals with variations in linguistic terms by using a degree of membership.

A(n) _____ is the component of an expert system that performs tasks similar to what a human expert does by explaining to end users how recommendations are derived.

In a case-based reasoning system, the CBS system _____ if there is no exact match between the new case and cases stored in the database.

In a natural-language processing (NLP) system, the _____ activity involves using the computer to read large amounts of text and understanding the information well enough to summarize important points and store information so that the system can respond to inquiries about the content.

In the context of the components of a typical expert system, _____ is a software package with manual or automated methods for acquiring and incorporating new rules and facts so that the expert system is capable of growth.

_____ are used when data is fuzzy and uncertainty is involved.

In case-based reasoning, when a solution is found it is ________ for future use.

To solve a problem, a case-based reasoning application first ________ the most similar case from the library of past cases.

In the context of the different techniques used by an inference engine to manipulate a series of rules, _____ refers to a series of "if-then-else" condition pairs.

In a natural-language processing (NLP) system, the _____ activity involves accepting human language as input, carrying out the corresponding command, and generating the necessary output.

Which system provides an easier way for people to communicate with a computer than a graphical user interface (GUI) ?

In case-based reasoning, each case in the database is stored with _____.

In the context of the types of decision-making analyses, what type of analysis is used in decision support systems?

Some banks use a -based reasoning system to qualify customers for loans, using _____.