Question 1

The period of development before birth is called _____ development.
A) fetal
B) prenatal
C) postconceptual
D) postnatal
E) embryonic

Accepted Answer

Prenatal development refers to the period of development from conception to birth, including both the embryonic and fetal stages.

Question 2

The expulsion stage of labor generally lasts for 3-4 hours.

Accepted Answer

It usually lasts less than one hour.

Question 3

Temperature regulating mechanisms are well developed in the neonatal period.

Accepted Answer

They are not developed and the neonate is vulnerable to environmental temperatures.

Question 4

All of the following occur during the pre-embryonic period EXCEPT
A) cleavage
B) implantation
C) formation of primary germ layers
D) formation of placenta

Accepted Answer

The formation of placenta occurs during the embryonic period, not the pre-embryonic period. Cleavage, implantation, and formation of primary germ layers all occur during the pre-embryonic period.

Question 5

Capacitation is a process that
A) weakens the membrane of the acrosome on the sperm
B) weakens the zona pellucida of the ovum
C) occurs in the sperm before ejaculation
D) occurs in the epididymis during sperm maturation
E) splits the corona radiata so that sperm can enter

Accepted Answer

Capacitation is a process that involves biochemical changes in the sperm after it has left the male body, which among other things, weakens the membrane of the acrosome. This is necessary to prepare the sperm for penetrating the egg's outer layers.

Question 6

The longest period in prenatal development is the _____ period.
A) embryonic
B) pre-embryonic
C) fetal
D) fertilization

Accepted Answer

The fetal period is the longest period of prenatal development, starting from the ninth week after fertilization and continuing until birth. The embryonic period is from the third to the eighth week after fertilization, and the pre-embryonic period is the first two weeks after fertilization. Fertilization itself is a brief process that marks the beginning of prenatal development.

Question 7

The single cell that is the result of fertilization is a(n)
A) zygote
B) morula
C) blastocyst
D) embryo
E) inner cell mass

Accepted Answer

The single cell resulting from fertilization is called a zygote. It is formed by the fusion of a haploid sperm cell and a haploid egg cell, and is the initial stage of embryonic development.

Question 8

The amnion,chorion,and placenta form during the preimplantation period.

Accepted Answer

The extraembryonic membranes form during the embryonic period.

Question 9

Fertilization is the
A) penetration of an ovum by a sperm
B) separation of the zona pellucida and cells of the corona radiata
C) union of an egg and a sperm
D) union of the sperm and ovum pronuclei

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fertilization is the
A) penetration of an ovum...

Question 10

The second meiotic division in oogenesis is not completed until after a spermatozoan has penetrated the cell.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The second meiotic division in oogenesis arrests at metaphase II until a spermatozoan penetrates the cell, after which it completes and forms the mature ova.

Question 11

Recessive genes express themselves even when they are heterozygous.

Accepted Answer

Recessive genes must be homozygous to be expressed.

Question 12

Trophoblast cells secrete human chorionic gonadotropin,which has an action similar to luteinizing hormone.

Accepted Answer

Trophoblast cells do secrete human chorionic gonadotropin, which has an action similar to luteinizing hormone. This hormone helps to maintain the corpus luteum in the ovary during the early stages of pregnancy and stimulates the production of progesterone, which is important for sustaining the pregnancy.

Question 13

The ectoderm,mesoderm,and endoderm develop during the first two weeks after fertilization.

Accepted Answer

The ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm are the three primary germ layers that form during the first two weeks of embryonic development.

Question 14

How long does the pre-embryonic period last?
A) 2 days
B) 2 weeks
C) 2 months
D) 8 weeks
E) 10 weeks

Accepted Answer

The pre-embryonic period lasts for approximately two weeks after fertilization, during which time the zygote undergoes several rounds of cell division and forms a hollow ball of cells called a blastocyst. After this period, the embryonic period begins.

Question 15

For fertilization to take place,sexual intercourse must occur approximately between 1 day before and 3 days after ovulation.

Accepted Answer

Intercourse should occur between 3 days before and 1 day after ovulation for the best chance of fertilization.

Question 16

Fertilization usually takes place in the
A) uterus
B) uterine tube
C) vagina
D) cervix
E) fornix

Accepted Answer

Fertilization typically occurs in the uterine tube (also called the fallopian tube or oviduct), which is the site where a released egg is picked up by sperm and fertilization occurs. The uterus, cervix, vagina, and fornix are all parts of the female reproductive system, but they are not the primary site of fertilization.

Question 17

The period of development after birth is called
A) perinatal development
B) senescence
C) postnatal development
D) adolescence
E) childhood

Accepted Answer

Postnatal development refers to the period of growth and development that occurs after birth. This includes infancy, toddlerhood, childhood, and adolescence. Perinatal development refers to the period immediately before and after birth, senescence refers to the process of aging and decline in function that occurs in later life, and adolescence specifically refers to the period of development during the teenage years. Childhood is a broader term that can encompass both pre- and postnatal development, so it is not as specific as postnatal development.

Question 18

The embryonic period lasts for about six months.

Accepted Answer

It lasts six weeks,from the end of the second week to the end of the eighth week after conception.

Question 19

Milk is not produced unless prolactin is stimulated by a baby's suckling.

Accepted Answer

Prolactin is the hormone responsible for milk production, and it is stimulated by the suckling of a baby. Without this stimulation, milk will not be produced.

Question 20

For fertilization to occur,many sperm are needed to
A) break down the cell membrane of the oocyte
B) activate the polar bodies
C) stimulate the final division of the oocyte
D) separate the cells of the corona radiata so a single sperm can enter
E) destroy the polar bodies so they don't use nutrients

Accepted Answer

The corona radiata is a layer of follicle cells surrounding the oocyte that must be penetrated by sperm in order for fertilization to occur. Many sperm are needed to break down this layer and separate the cells, allowing a single sperm to penetrate and fertilize the oocyte. Option A is incorrect because the sperm do not break down the cell membrane of the oocyte. Option B is incorrect because polar bodies are non-functional and do not require activation. Option C is incorrect because sperm does not stimulate the final division of the oocyte. Option E is incorrect because the polar bodies do not use nutrients.

Quiz 20: Development

The period of development before birth is called _____ development.

The expulsion stage of labor generally lasts for 3-4 hours.

Temperature regulating mechanisms are well developed in the neonatal period.

All of the following occur during the pre-embryonic period EXCEPT

Capacitation is a process that

The longest period in prenatal development is the _____ period.

The single cell that is the result of fertilization is a(n)

The amnion,chorion,and placenta form during the preimplantation period.

Fertilization is the

The second meiotic division in oogenesis is not completed until after a spermatozoan has penetrated the cell.

Recessive genes express themselves even when they are heterozygous.

Trophoblast cells secrete human chorionic gonadotropin,which has an action similar to luteinizing hormone.

The ectoderm,mesoderm,and endoderm develop during the first two weeks after fertilization.

How long does the pre-embryonic period last?

For fertilization to take place,sexual intercourse must occur approximately between 1 day before and 3 days after ovulation.

Fertilization usually takes place in the

The period of development after birth is called

The embryonic period lasts for about six months.

Milk is not produced unless prolactin is stimulated by a baby's suckling.

For fertilization to occur,many sperm are needed to