Question 1

From the teachers' point of view, middle-class children _________ compared to children from economically disadvantaged homes.
A)are easy and fun to teach
B)grasp the material quickly
C)do their homework
D)all of these choices

Accepted Answer

Middle-class children are often perceived by teachers as easier to teach, quicker to grasp material, and more likely to complete homework due to having more resources and support at home compared to economically disadvantaged children.

Question 2

Project Head Start provided children from disadvantaged homes with an integrated program that included all of the following EXCEPT
A)education.
B)health care.
C)after-school care.
D)parental involvement.

Accepted Answer

Project Head Start focused on education, health care, and parental involvement, but it did not specifically include after-school care as part of its integrated program.

Question 3

The term "organization child" refers to the child who
A)spends more time in organizations than at home.
B)is alienated from satisfying personal relationships.
C)is most comfortable with supervision, guidance, and adult control.
D)has no family and is reared in an institutional setting.

Accepted Answer

The term "organization child" refers to a child who is most comfortable with supervision, guidance, and adult control, often adapting well to structured environments.

Question 4

In a classic study by Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968), researchers randomly chose five elementary school students and identified them to their teachers as "spurters," implying that the students had superior intelligence and academic ability.In reality, they were no different from the other students in the classes, yet at the end of the school year, the students scored high on IQ tests and achieved high grades.This illustrates
A)the integration hypothesis.
B)cultural imperialism.
C)social promotion.
D)the self-fulfilling prophecy.

Accepted Answer

The study illustrates the self-fulfilling prophecy, where the teachers' expectations influenced the students' performance, leading to improved outcomes.

Question 5

Conflict theorists argue education is a mechanism for cultural imperialism, which means
A)the spread of cultural norms and values from one society to another.
B)the cultural development and progress that results from technology.
C)the preservation of historical cultural artifacts.
D)indoctrination into the dominant culture of a society.

Accepted Answer

Conflict theorists view education as a means of indoctrinating individuals into the dominant culture, reinforcing existing social inequalities and power structures.

Question 6

The economic benefits of having a college degree compared to the cost is called the
A)earnings premium.
B)cost-benefit advantage.
C)education bonus.
D)educational elevation.

Accepted Answer

The term "earnings premium" refers to the increased earnings that individuals with a college degree typically earn compared to those without, considering the cost of obtaining the degree.

Question 7

The OECD report of educational statistics in 30 countries found that
A)educational levels are decreasing.
B)spending on education is generally consistent across countries.
C)teacher salaries in the U.S.are among the highest in the world.
D)there is a clear link between education and income and between education and employment.

Accepted Answer

The OECD report often highlights the correlation between higher education levels and better income and employment opportunities, indicating a clear link between education and economic outcomes.

Question 8

In 1965, Project Head Start began to help which of the following?
A)gifted and talented students
B)students with learning disabilities
C)preschool children from disadvantaged families
D)pregnant high school students

Accepted Answer

Project Head Start was initiated to provide comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families.

Question 9

Assessments of Head Start and Early Head Start generally conclude
A)the programs are of little value.
B)the programs benefit children but the benefits may not last beyond third grade
C)the programs would be more effective if they only concentrated on education.
D)parental involvement is unnecessary.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that while Head Start and Early Head Start programs provide initial benefits to children, these benefits may diminish by the time the children reach third grade.

Question 10

Conflict theorists agree with Kozol that "savage inequalities" in the American educational system
A)exist in the power disparities between administrators and teachers.
B)are illustrated by the lack of power of students in the school system.
C)contribute to age-grading and social promotions.
D)perpetuate racial disparities.

Accepted Answer

Conflict theorists believe that the American educational system perpetuates inequality and that racial disparities are a significant factor in this. Kozol also argues that the education system is failing students of color, who are more likely to attend underfunded schools with fewer resources, creating a cycle of poverty and inequity. Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 11

Which of the following sociological perspectives is more likely to emphasize the relationship between teacher approval/disapproval and class differences in the social and verbal skills students bring to the classroom?
A)structural-functionalists
B)conflict theorists
C)symbolic interactionists
D)feminist theorists

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionists focus on the day-to-day interactions and the meanings individuals attach to these interactions, such as how teacher approval or disapproval can affect students' social and verbal skills, often influenced by class differences.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the educational institution?
A)socializing children into the dominant culture
B)teaching children to obey authority
C)sorting of individuals into various statuses
D)all of these choices

Accepted Answer

Educational institutions serve multiple functions, including socializing children into the dominant culture, teaching them to obey authority, and sorting individuals into various statuses.

Question 13

When cultural imperialism exists, the norms, values, traditions, and languages of minorities are
A)ignored in the school curriculum.
B)integrated into the school curriculum along with aspects of the dominant culture.
C)the predominant focus of the school curriculum.
D)fostered by special classes, but not built into the mainstream classrooms

Accepted Answer

Cultural imperialism often leads to the dominance of the majority culture, resulting in the norms, values, traditions, and languages of minorities being ignored or marginalized in the school curriculum.

Question 14

All of the following were found in the study of children who were randomly selected and identified as "spurters" of superior intelligence and academic ability EXCEPT
A)the students identified as spurters scored higher on IQ tests.
B)the students identified as spurters made higher grades in the class.
C)the teachers rated the students identified as spurters as more likely to succeed.
D)the teachers rated the students identified as spurters as less happy and less likely to interact with their peers.

Accepted Answer

The study, often related to the "Pygmalion effect," showed that teachers' expectations influenced students' performance positively, but it did not find that teachers rated these students as less happy or less likely to interact with peers.

Question 15

Conflict theorists argue that the socialization function of education is to
A)indoctrinate students into a capitalist ideology.
B)teach students about cultural diversity.
C)foster the value of equality in American society.
D)reduce delinquency among American youth.

Accepted Answer

Conflict theorists believe that the education system is biased towards the interests of the ruling class in society, and that its main function is to socialize students into accepting and perpetuating the capitalist ideology. They argue that schools teach students to see the world from a capitalist perspective and to value competition, individualism, and materialism, rather than cooperation, collectivism, and social justice. Therefore, choice A is the best option.

Question 16

Elena was an economically disadvantaged student.The teacher defined her as a slow learner and assigned her to a lower ability group.Elena believed that her teacher did not expect her to perform as well as many of the other students, therefore, she performed at a lower level.This illustrates
A)a self-fulfilling prophecy.
B)the organization child.
C)cultural imperialism.
D)multicultural education.

Accepted Answer

This situation illustrates a self-fulfilling prophecy because the teacher's low expectations for Elena led her to perform at a lower level, thus fulfilling the teacher's initial beliefs.

Question 17

The majority of families served by Head Start are
A)African American.
B)immigrants, mostly from Mexico.
C)middle class suburbanites.
D)white non-Hispanics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The majority of families served by Head...

Question 18

The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when individuals
A)are satisfied with their occupation.
B)are satisfied with their family life.
C)act in a manner consistent with the expectations of others.
D)rebel against the demands of authority figures.

Accepted Answer

A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when individuals act in ways that align with the expectations placed upon them, thereby causing those expectations to come true.

Question 19

Worldwide, 1 in 5 adults cannot read or write and ______ of them are women.
A)2/3
B)1/5
C)90 percent
D)10 percent

Accepted Answer

Two-thirds (2/3) of the adults worldwide who cannot read or write are women, highlighting the gender disparity in literacy.

Question 20

Students in middle and upper income families are
A)less likely to graduate from college.
B)less likely to graduate from high school.
C)less likely to enroll in advanced mathematics classes.
D)more likely to attend college

Accepted Answer

Students from middle and upper income families have greater access to resources such as better schools, tutoring, and college savings, which increases their likelihood of attending and graduating from college. This is supported by numerous studies that have found a positive correlation between family income and college attendance rates.

Quiz 8: Problems in Education

From the teachers' point of view, middle-class children _________ compared to children from economically disadvantaged homes.

Project Head Start provided children from disadvantaged homes with an integrated program that included all of the following EXCEPT

The term "organization child" refers to the child who

Conflict theorists argue education is a mechanism for cultural imperialism, which means

The economic benefits of having a college degree compared to the cost is called the

The OECD report of educational statistics in 30 countries found that

In 1965, Project Head Start began to help which of the following?

Assessments of Head Start and Early Head Start generally conclude

Conflict theorists agree with Kozol that "savage inequalities" in the American educational system

Which of the following sociological perspectives is more likely to emphasize the relationship between teacher approval/disapproval and class differences in the social and verbal skills students bring to the classroom?

Which of the following is a function of the educational institution?

When cultural imperialism exists, the norms, values, traditions, and languages of minorities are

All of the following were found in the study of children who were randomly selected and identified as "spurters" of superior intelligence and academic ability EXCEPT

Conflict theorists argue that the socialization function of education is to

Elena was an economically disadvantaged student.The teacher defined her as a slow learner and assigned her to a lower ability group.Elena believed that her teacher did not expect her to perform as well as many of the other students, therefore, she performed at a lower level.This illustrates

The majority of families served by Head Start are

The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when individuals

Worldwide, 1 in 5 adults cannot read or write and ______ of them are women.

Students in middle and upper income families are