Question 1

Evidence to support the retrieval failure hypothesis of retrograde amnesia comes from studies in which
A)memory deficits can be overcome by reminder treatments.
B)hypothermia causes retrograde amnesia.
C)memory deficits occur in response to ECT.
D)memory in the short-term store is shown to be vulnerable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evidence to support the retrieval failure hypothesis...

Question 2

Compared with traditional views of memory acquisition, storage, and recall, contemporary views suggest
A)that acquisition is more difficult, recall is easier.
B)that items in long-term storage are more permanent than previously thought.
C)that items in long-term storage can be made more malleable than previously thought.
D)that most of what we consider memory is actually classical or instrumental conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Contemporary views suggest that items in long-term storage can be made more malleable than previously thought through processes such as reconsolidation, which allows for the modification of existing memories. This is a departure from the traditional view that long-term memories were relatively fixed and unchangeable.

Question 3

Directed forgetting studies support all of the following conclusions except
A)rehearsal processes in animals can be brought under stimulus control.
B)memory processes in animals can be brought under stimulus control.
C)memory processes in animals involve the passive storage of information.
D)memory processes in humans can be brought under stimulus control.

Accepted Answer

Directed forgetting studies only support the active and intentional processes of forgetting in humans, and do not address passive storage of memories in animals. Therefore, conclusion C is not supported by directed forgetting studies.

Question 4

Reminder treatments can increase responding that is low due to
A)latent inhibition.
B)overshadowing.
C)blocking.
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reminder treatments can increase responding that is...

Question 5

Memory priming involves
A)presenting a retrieval cue and testing immediately.
B)presenting a retrieval cue and testing some time later.
C)presenting a retrieval cue during acquisition.
D)presenting a retrieval cue that sets the occasion for the training phase.

Accepted Answer

Memory priming involves presenting a retrieval cue and testing some time later to enhance memory recall. This is different from immediate testing (Choice A) and presenting the retrieval cue during acquisition (Choice C). Choice D is incorrect as it refers to the training phase, not priming.

Question 6

Which of the following can serve as a retrieval cue?
A)contextual cues
B)the US
C)the CS+
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed can serve as retrieval cues for memory. Contextual cues can help recall specific events or experiences, the US (unconditioned stimulus) can trigger memories associated with a particular response, and the CS+ (conditioned stimulus) can elicit memories of a previously learned association.

Question 7

Retrospective coding refers to memory of
A)spatial cues.
B)events that have happened in the past.
C)events that still must occur.
D)visual cues in the environment.

Accepted Answer

Retrospective coding refers to the recall or memory of events that have already occurred in the past, rather than the processing of present or future information.

Question 8

Describe the delayed matching to sample task.What are three procedural aspects critical to determining the accuracy of performance in this task?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the delayed matching to sample task.What...

Question 9

The important difference between the memory consolidation and retrieval failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia is that
A)the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects altered coding of new memories, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store.
B)the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects altered coding of new memories.
C)the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store.
D)the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short- term store, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The important difference between the memory consolidation...

Question 10

When rats and humans were both required to perform in a radial arm-type spatial memory task, researchers determined that
A)rats use retrospective coding strategies, and humans use prospective strategies.
B)rats use retrospective coding strategies, and humans are able to switch between coding strategies.
C)rats use prospective coding strategies, and humans are able to switch between coding strategies.
D)rats and humans are able to switch between retrospective and prospective coding strategies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When rats and humans were both required...

Question 11

If a hamster in a radial maze is keeping in mind where it has been, it is using
A)prospection.
B)introspection.
C)retrospection.
D)reference memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a hamster in a radial maze...

Question 12

After three right­hand turns, Sally remembers that to get to Beth's house she must next make a left­hand turn.To remember the left-hand turn, Sally is using
A)prospection.
B)retrospection.
C)introspection.
D)rehearsal memory.

Accepted Answer

Prospection refers to using mental imagery or visualization to plan for future actions, such as remembering to make a left-hand turn. Retrospection refers to recalling past events or experiences, introspection is the process of examining one's own thoughts and feelings, and rehearsal memory involves repeating information to facilitate retention.

Question 13

When he first begins shopping, Peter is able to remember what he has in his cart without referring to his list.He is using
A)retrospection.
B)prospection.
C)introspection.
D)rehearsal memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When he first begins shopping, Peter is...

Question 14

Which of the following is not an adaptive feature of forgetting?
A)It increases behavioral variability.
B)It can reduce the context specificity of learning.
C)It can be useful in therapeutic settings.
D)All are adaptive features of forgetting

Accepted Answer

All of the mentioned options are adaptive features of forgetting. Forgetting can increase behavioral variability by allowing for new learning and exploration, reduce the context specificity of learned information by making it more applicable to a variety of situations, and can be useful in therapeutic settings where letting go of painful or traumatic memories can aid in healing.

Question 15

In a 12-arm radial maze, a rat makes a correct response if it visits an arm it has not previously explored.After 10 arms have been explored, the rat is most likely using which coding strategy to make the last choices?
A)introspective
B)prospective
C)retrospective
D)rehearsal

Accepted Answer

The rat is most likely using a prospective coding strategy to make the last choices. This means that the rat is using its working memory to keep track of which arms it has already explored and which ones are still unexplored. This allows the rat to make a correct response by choosing an unexplored arm. The other options (introspective, retrospective, and rehearsal) do not accurately describe the type of processing the rat is using in this situation.

Question 16

Monkeys are presented with a series of stimuli in a delayed matching to sample task.First a white light signals the start of the trial.Then a green light is presented, followed by the red sample light, a delay, and then the test stimuli of a green light and a red light.This experiment is designed to explore
A)proactive interference.
B)reference memory coding.
C)retroactive interference.
D)retrograde amnesia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Monkeys are presented with a series of...

Question 17

The retrieval failure hypothesis of retrograde amnesia suggests that amnesia results from
A)retention failure.
B)general memory loss.
C)loss of information from short-term memory
D)altered coding of relatively recent memories.

Accepted Answer

The retrieval failure hypothesis suggests that memories are still stored in the brain, but there is a problem with accessing or retrieving them. This can occur when the coding of relatively recent memories is altered, such as in cases of head injury or illness, resulting in retrograde amnesia. Choice A (retention failure) and B (general memory loss) do not specifically address the idea of retrieval failure, and choice C (loss of information from short-term memory) is not necessarily related to retrograde amnesia.

Question 18

Bob asks you to come over to play video games.He tells you he lives right under the large green billboard visible from campus.To get to his house you must use
A)beacon following.
B)landmarks.
C)geometric cues.
D)spatial coding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bob asks you to come over to...

Question 19

Prospective coding refers to events
A)that must happen in the future.
B)that have occurred in the immediate past.
C)that have occurred in the distant past.
D)that are no longer stored in working memory.

Accepted Answer

Prospective coding refers to events that are anticipated to happen in the future.

Question 20

Infants were trained to kick in order to move a mobile.24 hours later, one group of these infants was tested in the presence of the same contextual cues; another group was tested in the presence of a context familiar to them, but different from the training situation.The infants tested in the training context performed much better, probably because of
A)rehearsal cues.
B)retrieval cues.
C)prospective cues.
D)retrospective cues.

Accepted Answer

The infants' improved performance in the training context suggests that they were benefiting from retrieval cues. By being in the same context where the training occurred, these cues helped the infants remember what they had learned and apply it to the task at hand.

Quiz 11: Comparative Cognition I

Evidence to support the retrieval failure hypothesis of retrograde amnesia comes from studies in which

Compared with traditional views of memory acquisition, storage, and recall, contemporary views suggest

Directed forgetting studies support all of the following conclusions except

Reminder treatments can increase responding that is low due to

Memory priming involves

Which of the following can serve as a retrieval cue?

Retrospective coding refers to memory of

Describe the delayed matching to sample task.What are three procedural aspects critical to determining the accuracy of performance in this task?

The important difference between the memory consolidation and retrieval failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia is that

When rats and humans were both required to perform in a radial arm-type spatial memory task, researchers determined that

If a hamster in a radial maze is keeping in mind where it has been, it is using

After three righthand turns, Sally remembers that to get to Beth's house she must next make a lefthand turn.To remember the left-hand turn, Sally is using

When he first begins shopping, Peter is able to remember what he has in his cart without referring to his list.He is using

Which of the following is not an adaptive feature of forgetting?

In a 12-arm radial maze, a rat makes a correct response if it visits an arm it has not previously explored.After 10 arms have been explored, the rat is most likely using which coding strategy to make the last choices?

The retrieval failure hypothesis of retrograde amnesia suggests that amnesia results from

Bob asks you to come over to play video games.He tells you he lives right under the large green billboard visible from campus.To get to his house you must use

Prospective coding refers to events

Quiz 11: Comparative Cognition I

Evidence to support the retrieval failure hypothesis of retrograde amnesia comes from studies in which

Compared with traditional views of memory acquisition, storage, and recall, contemporary views suggest

Directed forgetting studies support all of the following conclusions except

Reminder treatments can increase responding that is low due to

Memory priming involves

Which of the following can serve as a retrieval cue?

Retrospective coding refers to memory of

Describe the delayed matching to sample task.What are three procedural aspects critical to determining the accuracy of performance in this task?

The important difference between the memory consolidation and retrieval failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia is that

When rats and humans were both required to perform in a radial arm-type spatial memory task, researchers determined that

If a hamster in a radial maze is keeping in mind where it has been, it is using

After three right­hand turns, Sally remembers that to get to Beth's house she must next make a left­hand turn.To remember the left-hand turn, Sally is using

When he first begins shopping, Peter is able to remember what he has in his cart without referring to his list.He is using

Which of the following is not an adaptive feature of forgetting?

In a 12-arm radial maze, a rat makes a correct response if it visits an arm it has not previously explored.After 10 arms have been explored, the rat is most likely using which coding strategy to make the last choices?

The retrieval failure hypothesis of retrograde amnesia suggests that amnesia results from

Bob asks you to come over to play video games.He tells you he lives right under the large green billboard visible from campus.To get to his house you must use

Prospective coding refers to events

After three righthand turns, Sally remembers that to get to Beth's house she must next make a lefthand turn.To remember the left-hand turn, Sally is using