Question 1

Incidence refers to:
A) the likelihood that a disorder will be found in another culture.
B) the number of people who contract a disorder for the first time in a given time period.
C) the proportion of a population that has a disorder now.
D) the likelihood that a person will have a disorder given that they have a particular characteristic.

Accepted Answer

Incidence refers to the number of people who contract a disorder for the first time in a given time period. It is different from prevalence, which refers to the proportion of a population that has a disorder now. Option A and D are incorrect as they do not relate to the definition of incidence.

Question 2

In order for the 1990 Ontario Mental Health Supplement Study to identify the strongest predictors of later mental health problems, what type of research design did the researchers use?
A) An experimental design
B) A mixed design
C) A correlational design
D) A case study design

Accepted Answer

The Ontario Mental Health Supplement Study used a correlational design to identify the strongest predictors of later mental health problems. Correlational research examines the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating them. In this study, the researchers examined various factors (such as childhood experiences and current life circumstances) and their correlation with later mental health problems. By using a correlational design, the researchers were able to identify potential predictors of mental health problems, without imposing any artificial manipulation or control over the variables in question.

Question 3

A correlational study by Tonmyr and colleagues (2005) found that childhood sexual abuse (CSa) and physical abuse were associated with:
A) Parental mental disorder
B) Failure to graduate from high school
C) Disability
D) Use of public assistance programs

Accepted Answer

The answer of A correlational study by Tonmyr and colleagues...

Question 4

"About 2% of adults have obsessive-compulsive disorder." This is a statement about the __________ of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A) incidence
B) prevalence
C) risk factor
D) correlation coefficient

Accepted Answer

Prevalence refers to the proportion of a population who have a particular health condition at a given point in time. In this statement, the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder is presented, indicating that approximately 2% of adults have this condition.

Question 5

One advantage to qualitative research in clinical psychology is that it:
A) allows researchers to detect underlying themes
B) allows researchers to make broad claims with limited participants
C) allows participants to feel fully heard
D) allows participants to focus on one aspect of their disorder

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research in clinical psychology can delve deeper into the experiences and perceptions of participants, allowing researchers to detect underlying themes and gain a more detailed understanding of the topic being studied. This can ultimately lead to the development of more effective interventions and treatments. Additionally, qualitative research can provide a more personalized and individualized approach to understanding participants' experiences, allowing them to feel fully heard and understood. However, qualitative research typically involves smaller sample sizes and cannot be generalized to larger populations.

Question 6

Qualitative research conducted with formerly depressed women (Lafrance & Stoppard, 2006) revealed that the women:
A) felt victimized by their romantic partners
B) felt they needed to be perfect now to make up for their behaviour when depressed
C) underwent a transformation and no longer felt like the same person
D) underwent treatment that put their depression into remission

Accepted Answer

The answer of Qualitative research conducted with formerly depressed women...

Question 7

"Approximately 1500 new cases of AIDS were diagnosed in 1988 in San Francisco." This is an estimate of the ________________ of AIDS.
A) prevalence
B) incidence
C) risk factor
D) statistical significance

Accepted Answer

The term "diagnosed" indicates that this is an estimate of the number of new cases (incidence) of AIDS. Prevalence refers to the total number of cases in a population at a given time. Risk factors are variables that increase the likelihood of developing a disease. Statistical significance refers to the probability that an observed difference or association between variables is not due to chance.

Question 8

Because Graciela's mother has schizophrenia, Graciela is more likely to develop schizophrenia herself. This is an example of:
A) Risk factor.
B) Incidence.
C) Prevalence.
D) Occurrence.

Accepted Answer

A risk factor is a characteristic or trait that increases the likelihood of developing a particular condition or disease. In this case, having a parent with schizophrenia is a known risk factor for developing schizophrenia oneself.

Question 9

Epidemiology seeks to establish:
A) The prevalence of a disorder
B) The incidence of a disorder
C) The risk factors associated with a disorder
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Epidemiology aims to establish all three options listed: the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors associated with a disorder. Prevalence refers to the total number of cases within a population at a specific point in time, while incidence refers to the number of new cases that develop within a specified time frame. Understanding risk factors associated with a disorder can help determine its causes and possible prevention strategies.

Question 10

What two risk factors did the 1990 Ontario Mental Health Supplement study identify to be the strongest predictors of later mental health problems?
A) Failure to graduate high school; parent mental disorder
B) Parent mental disorder; childhood sexual abuse
C) Childhood sexual abuse; low socioeconomic status
D) Low socioeconomic status; failure to graduate high school

Accepted Answer

The 1990 Ontario Mental Health Supplement study identified parent mental disorder and childhood sexual abuse to be the strongest predictors of later mental health problems. The other options listed were also identified as risk factors, but not as strong predictors as B.

Question 11

According to the results of the 1990 Ontario Mental Health Supplement study, the biggest early risk factor for a subsequent mental disorder is:
A) Failure to graduate from high school
B) Low income
C) Being unemployed
D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The 1990 Ontario Mental Health Supplement study did not specifically identify any of the listed options (A, B, C) as the biggest early risk factor for a subsequent mental disorder, indicating that the correct answer is D) None of the above.

Question 12

According to the results of the 1990 Ontario Mental Health Supplement study, the biggest early risk factor for a subsequent mental disorder is:
A) Failure to graduate from high school
B) Having low income
C) Parental mental disorder
D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The 1990 Ontario Mental Health Supplement study found that the biggest early risk factor for a subsequent mental disorder is having a parental mental disorder. This highlights the importance of early intervention and support for children whose parents have mental illnesses. The other options may also be risk factors, but they were not found to be the biggest early risk factor in this study.

Question 13

Dr. Cuthbert assesses the proportion of people on the island who have a gambling addiction one year after a new casino is built beside Green Gables on Prince Edward Island. She is assessing the ________ of the disorder.
A) prevalence
B) incidence
C) base-rate
D) case-rate

Accepted Answer

Prevalence refers to the proportion of individuals in a population who have a particular disorder or condition at a given point in time. In this scenario, Dr. Cuthbert is assessing the proportion of people on the island who have a gambling addiction one year after a new casino is built, indicating she is assessing the prevalence of the disorder.

Question 14

Dr. Cuthbert assesses the number of new cases of pathological gamblers after a new casino is built beside Green Gables on Prince Edward Island. She is assessing the ________ of the disorder.
A) prevalence
B) incidence
C) base-rate
D) case-rate

Accepted Answer

Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disorder in a given time period. Prevalence, on the other hand, refers to the total number of cases of a disorder in a given population. Base-rate and case-rate are not relevant concepts in this scenario.

Question 15

Prevalence refers to:
A) the likelihood that a disorder will be found in another culture.
B) the proportion of a population that has a disorder now.
C) the number of people who contract a disorder in a given time period.
D) the likelihood that a person will have a disorder given that they have a particular characteristic.

Accepted Answer

Prevalence refers to the proportion of a population that has a disorder at a given point in time. It does not take into account any time period or individual characteristics.

Question 16

Epidemiology is the study of:
A) unique cases or unusual disorders.
B) the rates and correlates of disorders in a population.
C) the development of disorders over the life span.
D) mental disorders in other cultures.

Accepted Answer

Epidemiology focuses on the rates of disorders in a population and the factors that contribute to them. It is not limited to unique cases or unusual disorders, the development of disorders over the life span, or mental disorders in other cultures.

Question 17

Researchers went door to door conducting structured diagnostic interviews to determine how common particular psychiatric diagnoses were. Which type of research was this?
A) Case study
B) Epidemiological
C) Correlational
D) Experimental

Accepted Answer

The method of conducting structured diagnostic interviews across a population is characteristic of epidemiological research, which focuses on patterns of health and disease in a population. This type of research is important for understanding the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, risk factors, and potential interventions.

Question 18

Epidemiological research is helpful for:
A) addressing third variable and directionality problems.
B) determining the effectiveness of different treatments.
C) planning for health care needs of communities.
D) intensive analysis of a disease in a single individual.

Accepted Answer

Epidemiological research helps to plan for the health care needs of communities by providing information about the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for different diseases or health conditions within specific populations. It also provides insights into patterns of disease and can help identify areas where targeted public health interventions may be needed. While it may indirectly inform treatment decisions or suggest areas for further research, its primary focus is on understanding disease and health at the population level rather than analyzing the effectiveness of individual treatments. Additionally, epidemiological research is generally not designed to address the third variable or directionality problems that may arise in experimental or observational studies, and is unlikely to be used for intensive analysis of a single individual.

Question 19

Results from the 1990 Ontario Mental Health Supplement study indicate that the strongest risk factor for having 2 or more mental health disorders is:
A) Low income
B) Failure to graduate from high school
C) A history of early substance abuse
D) Parental mental disorder

Accepted Answer

The 1990 Ontario Mental Health Supplement study found that parental mental disorder was the strongest risk factor for having 2 or more mental health disorders. This suggests that there may be a strong genetic component to the development of mental health disorders. While low income, failure to graduate from high school, and a history of early substance abuse may also be risk factors, they were not found to be as strongly associated with having multiple mental health disorders as parental mental disorder.

Question 20

A risk factor may be best defined as:
A) The likelihood that a disorder will be found in another culture
B) The likelihood of contracting a disorder in a given time period
C) The proportion of a population that has a disorder now
D) A characteristic that increases the likelihood of developing a disorder

Accepted Answer

A risk factor is a characteristic that increases the likelihood of developing a disorder. Option A is incorrect because it defines cross-cultural prevalence, not risk factors. Option B is incorrect because it refers to the incidence rate of a disorder, not risk factors. Option C is incorrect because it refers to the prevalence of a disorder at a specific point in time, rather than risk factors.

Quiz 5: Research Methods In The Study of Abnormal Behaviour

Incidence refers to:

In order for the 1990 Ontario Mental Health Supplement Study to identify the strongest predictors of later mental health problems, what type of research design did the researchers use?

A correlational study by Tonmyr and colleagues (2005) found that childhood sexual abuse (CSa) and physical abuse were associated with:

"About 2% of adults have obsessive-compulsive disorder." This is a statement about the __________ of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

One advantage to qualitative research in clinical psychology is that it:

Qualitative research conducted with formerly depressed women (Lafrance & Stoppard, 2006) revealed that the women:

"Approximately 1500 new cases of AIDS were diagnosed in 1988 in San Francisco." This is an estimate of the ________________ of AIDS.

Because Graciela's mother has schizophrenia, Graciela is more likely to develop schizophrenia herself. This is an example of:

Epidemiology seeks to establish:

What two risk factors did the 1990 Ontario Mental Health Supplement study identify to be the strongest predictors of later mental health problems?

According to the results of the 1990 Ontario Mental Health Supplement study, the biggest early risk factor for a subsequent mental disorder is:

According to the results of the 1990 Ontario Mental Health Supplement study, the biggest early risk factor for a subsequent mental disorder is:

Dr. Cuthbert assesses the proportion of people on the island who have a gambling addiction one year after a new casino is built beside Green Gables on Prince Edward Island. She is assessing the ________ of the disorder.

Dr. Cuthbert assesses the number of new cases of pathological gamblers after a new casino is built beside Green Gables on Prince Edward Island. She is assessing the ________ of the disorder.

Prevalence refers to:

Epidemiology is the study of:

Researchers went door to door conducting structured diagnostic interviews to determine how common particular psychiatric diagnoses were. Which type of research was this?

Epidemiological research is helpful for:

Results from the 1990 Ontario Mental Health Supplement study indicate that the strongest risk factor for having 2 or more mental health disorders is:

A risk factor may be best defined as: