Question 1

Which of the following is a special characteristic of spongy bone?
A) lacunae
B) medullary cavity
C) trabeculae
D) central canal
E) canaliculi

Accepted Answer

Trabeculae are the characteristic structural feature of spongy bone. They are small, branching boney spicules that create a lattice-work pattern within the bone tissue.

Question 2

The functional unit of mature compact bones is called the cylindrical ________.
A) trabeculae
B) osteons
C) lamellae
D) canaliculi
E) perforating canals

Accepted Answer

The cylindrical functional unit of mature compact bones is called osteon, also known as Haversian system. It consists of concentric layers of lamellae surrounding a central canal called the Haversian canal. The osteocytes, cells that maintain the bone tissue, are located in small spaces called lacunae between the lamellae and are connected through tiny canals called canaliculi. Trabeculae are the tiny interconnecting rods and plates of bone tissue found in spongy bone, while perforating canals are the canals that run perpendicular to the long axis of bones and connect the blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to that of the central canals. Lamellae are the layers of calcified matrix that surround the Haversian canals.

Question 3

Which of the following is produced within red bone marrow?
A) blood cells
B) adipose tissue
C) calcium
D) protein
E) All of the answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

Red bone marrow is responsible for the production of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Question 4

Perforating canals ________.
A) are arranged parallel to the surface of the bone
B) are always associated with osteons in spongy bone
C) transmit blood vessels to osteons deep inside the bone
D) occur in growing juvenile bone, but are obliterated in adult bone
E) All of the answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

Perforating canals, also known as Volkmann's canals, transmit blood vessels and nerves from the periosteum (the outermost layer of bone) and endosteum (the innermost layer of bone) into the central canals of osteons in compact bone. They run perpendicular to the surface of the bone and are not associated with osteons in spongy bone. Perforating canals are present in adult bone and play a vital role in bone growth, repair, and metabolism.

Question 5

Which type of cell divides to produce daughter cells that can differentiate readily after a bone is cracked or broken?
A) osteocyte
B) osteoprogenitor cell
C) red marrow cell
D) osteoclast
E) osteoblast

Accepted Answer

Osteoprogenitor cells are the stem cells of bone tissue that can undergo differentiation into various types of bone cells, including osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation. After a bone is cracked or broken, osteoprogenitor cells divide to produce daughter cells that can differentiate readily into osteoblasts, helping to repair and regenerate the damaged bone tissue.

Question 6

The skeletal system participates in ________.
A) maintaining bodily fluids calcium levels
B) absorbing the shock of unexpected rapid body movements
C) facilitating transmission of nerve impulses
D) cushioning abdominal organs such as the kidneys
E) All of the answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

The skeletal system stores calcium and helps regulate its levels in the body.

Answer: B 
 The bones of the skeletal system act as a shock absorber during sudden movements or impacts.

Answer: D 
 The bones of the skeletal system do not cushion organs in the abdominal cavity - this is the role of adipose tissue and other organs.

Answer: E 
 While the skeletal system does not play a direct role in facilitating nerve impulses, it does contribute to the overall maintenance and functioning of bodily fluid calcium levels and the absorption of shock during movement.

Question 7

Mature bone cells that maintain and monitor the protein and mineral content of the surrounding matrix are called ________.
A) osteocytes
B) osteoprogenitor cells
C) osteoblasts
D) osteoclasts
E) osteoplasts

Accepted Answer

Osteocytes are the most mature type of bone cells that are responsible for maintaining and monitoring the protein and mineral content of the surrounding bone matrix. They are derived from osteoblasts and are embedded in the bone matrix. Osteoprogenitor cells are the stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts, osteoclasts are involved in the process of bone resorption and osteoplasts are not a recognized type of bone cell.

Question 8

Layers of bone that occur at the external and internal surfaces of the bone are referred to as ________.
A) concentric lamellae
B) interstitial lamellae
C) circumferential lamellae
D) radial lamellae
E) longitudinal lamellae

Accepted Answer

Circumferential lamellae are layers of bone that occur at the external and internal surfaces of bones. They help to resist twisting forces and contribute to the overall strength of bones. Concentric lamellae are layers of bone that make up the osteons or Haversian systems. Interstitial lamellae are fragments of concentric lamellae that are found between osteons. Radial lamellae are layers of bone that are oriented parallel to the surface of the bone in the periosteum. Longitudinal lamellae do not exist as a term in bone anatomy.

Question 9

The periosteum ________.
A) covers the outside of bones
B) covers articular cartilage
C) consists of an inner fibrous layer of dense fibrous connective tissue
D) lines the medullary cavity
E) is vital in blood cell formation

Accepted Answer

The periosteum is a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones.

Question 10

The two types of osseous tissue are ________.
A) Haversian and lamellar bones
B) spongy and compact bones
C) trabecular and osteoclastic bones
D) spicular and trabecular bones
E) None of the answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

The two types of osseous tissue are spongy (also known as cancellous or trabecular) bone and compact (also known as cortical or Haversian) bone. Spongy bone has a porous, honeycomb-like structure, while compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones.

Question 11

The matrix of bone include ________.
A) calcium phosphate
B) calcium hydroxide
C) calcium carbonate
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

The matrix of bone includes calcium phosphate, calcium hydroxide, and calcium carbonate. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer.

Question 12

Which is a major function of the skeletal system?
A) support of the body
B) storage of glucose
C) production of ATP
D) maintenance of interstitial fluid composition
E) None of the answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

The skeletal system provides support for the body and helps maintain its posture. It also protects vital organs and allows for movement. There is no involvement of the skeletal system in storage of glucose, production of ATP, or maintenance of interstitial fluid composition.

Question 13

In addition to osseous tissue, a typical bone contains ________.
A) other connective tissues
B) smooth muscle tissues (in blood vessel walls)
C) neural tissues
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

In addition to osseous tissue, bones also contain other connective tissues such as cartilage, blood vessels, and nerves. Smooth muscle tissue is also present in the blood vessel walls within bones. Therefore, all the answer choices are correct.

Question 14

Which of the following describes a central canal?
A) contains an artery
B) contains a vein
C) runs parallel to bone surface
D) also called Haversian canal
E) All of the answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

The central canal, also known as the Haversian canal, runs parallel to the bone surface and contains blood vessels such as arteries and veins.

Question 15

The function of an osteoclast in osseous tissue is ________.
A) to produce new bone matrix
B) to dissolve old bone matrix and release amino acids and the stored calcium and phosphate
C) to secrete the organic components of the matrix
D) to produce new osteoblasts
E) None of the answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts are responsible for breaking down and resorbing old bone tissue, releasing amino acids and stored minerals such as calcium and phosphate.

Question 16

In osseous tissue, which of the following is always removing matrix and releasing minerals?
A) nerves
B) capillaries
C) osteons
D) osteocytes
E) osteoclasts

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts are a type of bone cell responsible for breaking down bone tissue, removing matrix and releasing minerals. Nerves and capillaries play important roles in the maintenance of bone tissue, but they do not directly remove matrix and release minerals. Osteons are structural units within bone tissue, composed of concentric rings of bone matrix and the cells and blood vessels that run through them. Osteocytes are bone cells that contribute to bone tissue maintenance but do not typically remove matrix and release minerals.

Question 17

The diaphysis is connected to the epiphysis by a narrow zone called the ________.
A) medulla
B) lacuna
C) metaphysis
D) periosteum
E) endosteum

Accepted Answer

The metaphysis is the narrow zone that connects the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphysis (end) of a long bone. It is where the growth plate (or epiphyseal plate) is located during development.

Question 18

Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?
A) neural tissue
B) muscle tissue
C) connective tissue
D) epithelial tissue
E) None of the answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

Osseous tissue, also known as bone tissue, is a type of connective tissue. It is made up of specialized cells called osteocytes, along with collagen fibers and mineral deposits of calcium and phosphorus.

Question 19

A bone cell that secretes the organic components of bone matrix is ________.
A) stimulated by activity of the thyroid gland
B) an osteoclast
C) an osteoblast
D) an osteocyte
E) located in a lacuna

Accepted Answer

An osteoblast is a bone cell responsible for secreting the organic components of bone matrix, such as collagen. It is not stimulated by activity of the thyroid gland or an osteoclast, which is a bone cell responsible for breaking down and resorbing bone tissue. An osteocyte is a mature bone cell that is located in a lacuna within the bone matrix.

Question 20

The endosteum is best described as ________.
A) a tissue that is active during the growth or repair of bone
B) the inside lining of the central canals and perforating canals
C) a layer that covers the trabeculae of spongy bone
D) an incomplete layer
E) All of the answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

The endosteum is a thin layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity, covers the trabeculae of spongy bone, and lines the inside of the central and perforating canals. It is active during the growth or repair of bone and is an incomplete layer, meaning it does not completely surround the bone tissue. Therefore, all the answers are correct.

Quiz 5: The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure

Which of the following is a special characteristic of spongy bone?

The functional unit of mature compact bones is called the cylindrical ________.

Which of the following is produced within red bone marrow?

Perforating canals ________.

Which type of cell divides to produce daughter cells that can differentiate readily after a bone is cracked or broken?

The skeletal system participates in ________.

Mature bone cells that maintain and monitor the protein and mineral content of the surrounding matrix are called ________.

Layers of bone that occur at the external and internal surfaces of the bone are referred to as ________.

The periosteum ________.

The two types of osseous tissue are ________.

The matrix of bone include ________.

Which is a major function of the skeletal system?

In addition to osseous tissue, a typical bone contains ________.

Which of the following describes a central canal?

The function of an osteoclast in osseous tissue is ________.

In osseous tissue, which of the following is always removing matrix and releasing minerals?

The diaphysis is connected to the epiphysis by a narrow zone called the ________.

Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?

A bone cell that secretes the organic components of bone matrix is ________.

The endosteum is best described as ________.