Question 1

Cattell argued that general intelligence is made up of which two primary specific intelligences?

Accepted Answer

Cattell proposed that general intelligence is composed of two primary components: fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence. Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to think and reason abstractly and solve problems, while crystallized intelligence involves knowledge that comes from prior learning and past experiences.

Question 2

Research on the development of sign language among children who are born deaf provides supporting evidence for which theory of language development?

Accepted Answer

Research on the development of sign language among children who are born deaf supports the nativist theory of language development. This theory posits that the ability to acquire language is innately programmed in humans, suggesting that even in the absence of traditional spoken language, children will naturally develop a form of language communication, such as sign language, indicating an inherent language acquisition capability.

Question 3

A popular disinfectant claims that it kills 99% of germs, not that it only fails to kill 1% of germs. This BEST exemplifies the concept of:

Accepted Answer

Framing refers to the way information is presented or "framed," which can significantly influence decisions and judgments. In this case, stating that a disinfectant kills 99% of germs instead of saying it fails to kill 1% of germs is an example of framing the information in a more positive light to make the product appear more effective.

Question 4

The ability to sense and manage your own feelings as well as those of others is called _____ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Emotional intelligence refers to the capacity to be aware of, control, and express one's emotions, and to handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically. This includes understanding and managing your own emotions as well as recognizing and influencing the emotions of others.

Question 5

Emotional intelligence is defined as a person's ability to:

Accepted Answer

Emotional intelligence involves the capacity to be aware of, control, and express one's emotions, and to handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically. This includes sensing and managing not only one's own emotions but also the emotions of others.

Question 6

Which statement about affective forecasting is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that people are often not very good at affective forecasting. They tend to overestimate the intensity and duration of their future emotions, a phenomenon related to the durability bias mentioned in option B.

Question 7

A(n) _____ is an assessment technique used by psychologists to numerically measure intelligence.

Accepted Answer

An intelligence test is specifically designed to assess an individual's mental aptitude and compare it with others through numerical scores, making it the correct choice for measuring intelligence.

Question 8

Dr. Ron believes that there is one overall intelligence that applies across all tasks and situations. Dr. Ron supports the notion of _____ intelligence(s).

Accepted Answer

Dr. Ron's belief in one overall intelligence that applies across all tasks and situations aligns with the concept of general intelligence, often symbolized as "g" in psychological literature. This concept suggests that there is a single, broad mental capacity that influences performance on cognitive ability measures, reflecting the idea of a general intelligence factor.

Question 9

Which type of intelligence is NOT one proposed by experts who argue that Gardner's view of multiple intelligences is too limited?

Accepted Answer

General intelligence is a traditional concept that contrasts with Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, which suggests that intelligence is not a single general ability but rather a variety of distinct types.

Question 10

Wynona is a huge fan of the local amateur hockey team. Since she was a kid, she has gone to every home game and was always excited to be there. This year the team has not yet won any of their games, but Wynona is still convinced they will make it to the championship. Wynona is being influenced by which heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Wynona's optimism about her favorite hockey team, despite their losing streak, is influenced by the affect heuristic. This heuristic involves making decisions based on emotions or feelings associated with the decision or its outcomes. Wynona's positive feelings and long-standing support for the team are affecting her judgment about their potential success.

Question 11

A concept is BEST defined as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A concept is a mental representation that helps us categorize and think about objects, people, or events that share similar characteristics, distinguishing it from the other options which refer to heuristics, intelligence tests, and language capacity, respectively.

Question 12

Which statement about group differences in intelligence test scores is NOT supported by research?

Accepted Answer

Research does not support the claim that differences in intelligence test scores between African Americans and White Americans are due to genetics. The consensus among scientists is that these differences are largely influenced by environmental factors, such as socioeconomic status, education, and access to resources, rather than inherent genetic differences.

Question 13

At what age do babies typically enter the one-word stage of speech development?

Accepted Answer

Babies typically enter the one-word stage of speech development around 1 year of age, where they start to use single words to communicate.

Question 14

_____ is what MOST likely plays a role in the acceptance of the "fake news" that fills social media feeds, and the rejection of fact-checkers who refute it, when it validates what was originally believed.

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses, making it most likely to play a role in the acceptance of "fake news" that aligns with those beliefs and the rejection of fact-checkers who refute it.

Question 15

John takes a personality test titled "What Dog Breed Are You?" As he takes the test, he notices some items that he could answer honestly in different ways. So he takes the test numerous times, answering with different combinations of honest responses. Each time, the results reveal that he is a "Doberman Pinscher." He reads the description and finds it to be a surprisingly accurate portrayal of his personality. In this situation, the test appears to be:

Accepted Answer

The test is high in reliability because it consistently yields the same result ("Doberman Pinscher") for John despite him answering honestly in different ways. It appears high in validity as well, as John finds the description to accurately portray his personality.

Question 16

Part of the Wechsler Intelligence Tests assesses processing speed. Items on this subtest would test your ability to:

Accepted Answer

The processing speed subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Tests measures how quickly and accurately an individual can scan, process, and respond to visual information, which aligns with choice A.

Question 17

Dr. Turner studies problem solving, and he focuses on problems that people solve using formula-like methods. Dr. Turner MOST likely studies:

Accepted Answer

Algorithms are step-by-step procedures or formula-like methods for solving problems, which aligns with Dr. Turner's focus on problem-solving using formula-like methods.

Question 18

Which statement about the Wechsler Intelligence Tests is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The Wechsler Intelligence Tests are divided into three separate versions to cover different age ranges: the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) for adults, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) for school-age children, and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) for young children. This allows for more age-appropriate assessment across nearly the entire lifespan.

Question 19

Tiffany is the chairperson of a party that is extremely on one side of the political spectrum. Jil is also politically engaged but is more in the center of the political spectrum. Consistent with research findings about the correlation between intelligence and a range of real-world outcomes, what could we predict about Tiffany and Jil?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tiffany is the chairperson of a party...

Question 20

When revealing his favorite food to others, Bryan says, "My favorite food is pizza" rather than "Pizza is my food favorite." Bryan's sentence structure demonstrates his understanding of _____ in the English language.

Accepted Answer

Syntax refers to the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. Bryan's correct sentence structure ("My favorite food is pizza") demonstrates his understanding of syntax.

Quiz 7: Cognition: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence