Question 1

When individuals make an ethical decision on the basis of avoiding direct consequences and they obey to avoid punishment, this is an example of which stage of Kohlberg's stages of moral development?
A) level 1: preconventional thinking
B) level 2: conventional thinking
C) level 3: postconventional or principled thinking
D) level 4: graduated level of thinking

Accepted Answer

This behavior aligns with Level 1: Preconventional Thinking of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, where moral reasoning is primarily concerned with direct consequences to oneself, such as avoiding punishment.

Question 2

Sam is angry about the wide gap between the wealthy and the poor in society. He is demonstrating which type of moral emotion?
A) other-suffering
B) self-conscious
C) other-condemning
D) other-praising

Accepted Answer

Sam's anger about the socioeconomic disparity reflects an other-condemning emotion, as it involves moral judgments about social injustice or the behavior of others that contribute to such disparities.

Question 3

Which component of ethical behavior finds that decision makers must follow through on their choices?
A) component 1: moral sensitivity
B) component 2: moral judgment
C) component 3: moral motivation
D) component 4: moral character

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which component of ethical behavior finds that...

Question 4

According to Kohlberg, about 20% of Americans can be classified at this level of moral thinking ______.
A) level 1: preconventional thinking
B) level 2: conventional thinking
C) level 3: postconventional or principled thinking
D) level 4: graduated level of thinking

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory of moral development posits that the highest stage, level 3: postconventional or principled thinking, is achieved by a minority of adults. This level involves abstract reasoning and the ability to apply universal ethical principles. Kohlberg suggested that only about 20% of the population reaches this stage.

Question 5

Which item is not a suggested tip for enhancing your ethical sensitivity?
A) engage in active listening and role playing
B) talk to all your friends about the ethical dilemma
C) pay attention to your feelings
D) crank up the moral intensity

Accepted Answer

Discussing an ethical dilemma with all your friends is not a suggested tip for enhancing ethical sensitivity. Ethical sensitivity involves understanding and respecting confidentiality and privacy, and indiscriminately discussing the dilemma with all friends could compromise this. The other options (A, C, D) are strategies aimed at improving one's ability to perceive and evaluate ethical aspects of a situation.

Question 6

A good ethical decision must reflect the morals and values of the larger organization. This reflects which of the five timeless questions?
A) What are my core obligations?
B) What can I live with?
C) What will work in the world as it is?
D) Who are we?

Accepted Answer

This question reflects "Who are we?" because it emphasizes the importance of decisions aligning with the collective morals and values of the organization, essentially asking what defines the organization's identity and ethical stance.

Question 7

Forgetting that we have violated moral rules is associated with which cognitive bias?
A) overestimating our ethicality
B) favoring members of our own group
C) forgiving our own unethical behavior
D) implicit prejudice

Accepted Answer

Forgetting that we have violated moral rules allows us to maintain a positive self-image, which is a form of self-forgiveness for our unethical behavior. This cognitive bias helps individuals to overlook their own moral failings while still considering themselves ethical.

Question 8

The last step of the Foursquare Protocol is ______.
A) situating yourself to decide
B) gathering accumulated experience in similar situation
C) close description of the situation
D) recognize the significant similarities between the current problem and past ones

Accepted Answer

The last step of the Foursquare Protocol involves situating yourself to decide, which means positioning or preparing oneself to make a decision after considering all relevant information and perspectives.

Question 9

Which one of the items below is NOT a noted destructive motivation?
A) fear of failure
B) insecurities
C) greed
D) ego

Accepted Answer

Fear of failure is not a destructive motivation.

Question 10

Emily was very caught up in her role as CEO. She often used other people to achieve her accomplishments and was overly confident in her position. Which destructive motivation is Emily displaying?
A) fear of failure
B) insecurities
C) greed
D) ego

Accepted Answer

Emily's behavior of using others to achieve her accomplishments and being overly confident in her position is indicative of ego-driven motivation. This type of motivation is characterized by a focus on self-importance and personal gain, often at the expense of others.

Question 11

Making sense of the data we have gathered takes place during which step of the Lonergan/Baird method?
A) be attentive
B) be intelligent
C) be reasonable
D) be responsible

Accepted Answer

The Lonergan/Baird method involves a process of understanding and learning that includes being attentive, intelligent, reasonable, and responsible. Making sense of the data, which means interpreting and understanding the information gathered, falls under the step of "be intelligent." This step is about processing and analyzing the data to derive meaning and insights.

Question 12

Which component of ethical behavior can mean that successful implementation has developed competence?
A) component 1: moral sensitivity
B) component 2: moral judgment
C) component 3: moral motivation
D) component 4: moral character

Accepted Answer

Moral character involves having the strength and persistence to act in accordance with one's ethical beliefs, which can be seen as developing competence in ethical behavior.

Question 13

When a person convinces themselves that their questionable behavior was morally permissible because of the purpose, other forces, lack of consequences or the victim had it coming, this is a form of ______.
A) motivated forgetting
B) moral disengagement
C) slippery slope
D) cognitive dissonance

Accepted Answer

Moral disengagement is the process by which individuals convince themselves that ethical standards do not apply to them in a particular context, often by justifying their behavior through various means such as displacing or diffusing responsibility, dehumanizing the victim, or minimizing the consequences.

Question 14

John knew he struggled with self-doubt and if he didn't confront his own trap, he would not be an effective leader. What destructive motivation is John wrestling with?
A) fear of failure
B) insecurities
C) greed
D) ego

Accepted Answer

John is wrestling with insecurities because he knows that if he doesn't confront his own trap, he will not be an effective leader.

Question 15

Which component of ethical behavior is where a decision maker makes judgements about the right or wrong things to do in the specific context?
A) component 1: moral sensitivity
B) component 2: moral judgment
C) component 3: moral motivation
D) component 4: moral character

Accepted Answer

Moral judgment involves making decisions about the rightness or wrongness of actions within a specific context, reflecting the cognitive process of evaluating and deciding upon ethical actions.

Question 16

People act like natural scientists according to which ethical decision-making framework?
A) the moral compass
B) five timeless questions
C) foursquare protocol
D) Lonergan/Baird Method

Accepted Answer

The Lonergan/Baird Method suggests that people act like natural scientists in their ethical decision-making process, involving observation, understanding, judgment, and decision in a methodical way.

Question 17

What is the psychological tension called when our actions and self-images do not match?
A) motivated forgetting
B) moral disengagement
C) slippery slope
D) cognitive dissonance

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance is the psychological tension or discomfort that arises when one's actions and beliefs or self-image do not align, leading individuals to change their beliefs or justify their actions to reduce the dissonance.

Question 18

Which component of ethical behavior focuses on recognizing that an ethical problem exists?
A) component 1: moral sensitivity
B) component 2: moral judgment
C) component 3: moral motivation
D) component 4: moral character

Accepted Answer

Moral sensitivity is about recognizing the presence of an ethical issue, understanding how our actions affect others, and being aware of the ethical aspects of a decision.

Question 19

An individual who is able to apply the most advanced type of reasoning and relies on universal values and principles is applying which level of ethical decision-making?
A) level 1: preconventional thinking
B) level 2: conventional thinking
C) level 3: postconventional or principled thinking
D) level 4: graduated level of thinking

Accepted Answer

Level 3: postconventional or principled thinking is characterized by the ability to apply advanced reasoning and rely on universal ethical principles, indicating a mature moral reasoning beyond societal norms or personal interests.

Question 20

This level of ethical decision maker will tend to look to other people for guidance. They may also look to work rules and leaders to help determine what is their right from wrong.
A) level 1: preconventional thinking
B) level 2: conventional thinking
C) level 3: postconventional or principled thinking
D) level 4: graduated level of thinking

Accepted Answer

Level 2: conventional thinking is characterized by an individual's adherence to societal norms and rules, and the tendency to look to others for guidance on what is right or wrong. This level reflects a conformity to the expectations of good behavior as defined by colleagues, family, and society at large.

Quiz 3: Ethical Decision Making and Action

When individuals make an ethical decision on the basis of avoiding direct consequences and they obey to avoid punishment, this is an example of which stage of Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

Sam is angry about the wide gap between the wealthy and the poor in society. He is demonstrating which type of moral emotion?

Which component of ethical behavior finds that decision makers must follow through on their choices?

According to Kohlberg, about 20% of Americans can be classified at this level of moral thinking ______.

Which item is not a suggested tip for enhancing your ethical sensitivity?

A good ethical decision must reflect the morals and values of the larger organization. This reflects which of the five timeless questions?

Forgetting that we have violated moral rules is associated with which cognitive bias?

The last step of the Foursquare Protocol is ______.

Which one of the items below is NOT a noted destructive motivation?

Emily was very caught up in her role as CEO. She often used other people to achieve her accomplishments and was overly confident in her position. Which destructive motivation is Emily displaying?

Making sense of the data we have gathered takes place during which step of the Lonergan/Baird method?

Which component of ethical behavior can mean that successful implementation has developed competence?

When a person convinces themselves that their questionable behavior was morally permissible because of the purpose, other forces, lack of consequences or the victim had it coming, this is a form of ______.

John knew he struggled with self-doubt and if he didn't confront his own trap, he would not be an effective leader. What destructive motivation is John wrestling with?

Which component of ethical behavior is where a decision maker makes judgements about the right or wrong things to do in the specific context?

People act like natural scientists according to which ethical decision-making framework?

What is the psychological tension called when our actions and self-images do not match?

Which component of ethical behavior focuses on recognizing that an ethical problem exists?

An individual who is able to apply the most advanced type of reasoning and relies on universal values and principles is applying which level of ethical decision-making?

This level of ethical decision maker will tend to look to other people for guidance. They may also look to work rules and leaders to help determine what is their right from wrong.