Question 1

Malik works as an operating room nurse.As one of a few male nurses among a largely female workforce, Malik is likely to experience ____________.
A)More promotions than his female co-workers
B)No sexual harassment from the male doctors in the unit
C)More interruptions in his career compared to his female co-workers
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

Male nurses, being in a minority within a predominantly female profession, may experience certain advantages due to gender dynamics, including potentially more promotions, as they might stand out or be perceived differently in the workforce. This phenomenon can be linked to gender biases and stereotypes that favor men in professional settings.

Question 2

Craft and participatory systems are associated with greater job satisfaction than direct supervision systems of work.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that workers in craft and participatory systems, where they have more autonomy and can participate in decision-making processes, tend to have higher levels of job satisfaction compared to those in direct supervision systems.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of Schwarz's values?
A)Hedonism
B)Purity
C)Universalism
D)Security

Accepted Answer

The other three options (Hedonism, Universalism, Security) are values identified by Schwartz in his theory of basic human values.

Question 4

PTSD following the 9/11 terrorist attacks was highest among people with higher socioeconoimc status (income and education).

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that PTSD following the 9/11 terrorist attacks was more prevalent among individuals with lower socioeconomic status, as they often had fewer resources to cope with the aftermath and stressors associated with such traumatic events.

Question 5

Which of the following helps explain gender-based occupational segregation?
A)Innate differences in men's and women's abilities
B)Differences in levels of educational attainment
C)Differences in the size of social networks
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

Differences in the size of social networks can influence occupational segregation as they affect access to job opportunities and career advancement, which can be gendered.

Question 6

Which of the following systems of production is associated with lowest job satisfaction and least amount of pride in one's work?
A)Craft
B)Bureaucratic
C)Participatory
D)Direct supervision

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following systems of production...

Question 7

Whenever Betty has a stressful day at work, she finds herself getting angry with her spouse.This is an example of _____________.
A)Reverse demand
B)Occupational hazard
C)A cumulative stressor
D)Spillover

Accepted Answer

This is a classic example of spillover, which is the phenomenon where the stress from one area of life spills over into another area, causing tension and conflict. In this case, Betty's work stress is spilling over into her relationship with her spouse, leading to anger and tension between them.

Question 8

Lou's job on an assembly line is boring and allows him no control over his work hours, tasks, or employment conditions.These conditions are likely to directly lead to _____________.
A)Alcoholism
B)Autonomy
C)Self-estrangement
D)Work-family conflict

Accepted Answer

The lack of autonomy, or control over one's work, is likely to lead to self-estrangement. This means that Lou may feel disconnected from his work, alienated from his coworkers, and overall dissatisfied with his job. This can have negative effects on his psychological well-being and job performance. Alcoholism and work-family conflict may be related to job stress and dissatisfaction, but they are not necessarily direct outcomes of Lou's lack of autonomy.

Question 9

People with aggressive, competitive personalities are more prone to heart disease than people who are less aggressive and competitive.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals with Type A personalities, characterized by aggression, competitiveness, and time urgency, are more prone to heart disease due to the physiological and psychological stress they experience.

Question 10

Although a source of stress, friends and family can be a coping resource because they provide ________________.
A)Emotional support
B)Esteem support
C)Strategies to cope with stressors
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

Friends and family can provide emotional support by being there to listen and offer comfort. They can also provide esteem support by offering praise and encouragement. Additionally, they can offer strategies to cope with stressors, such as advice or practical help. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

Question 11

Jade is a transwoman who experiences microaggressions in her jobs.Which of the following is an example of a microaggression?
A)Jade hid that she was transgender while serving in the military in the 1990s, due to the military's policies at the time
B)A co-worker joked to Jade that she wouldn't be a "real woman" until she had "the surgery"
C)A boss fired Jade upon learning that she was transgender
D)The HR manager asked employees in a meeting, including Jade, to introduce themselves and state their pronouns

Accepted Answer

A co-worker's joke that Jade isn't a "real woman" until she had "the surgery" is an example of a microaggression. It implies that Jade's gender identity is not valid or authentic because she has not undergone medical procedures to alter her body.

Question 12

Which aspect(s) of jobs is associated with increased risk of heart attack?
A)Lack of control
B)Intellectual demand
C)Solitary work
D)B and C

Accepted Answer

Lack of control over one's work environment and tasks has been consistently linked to increased stress levels, which can elevate the risk of heart attacks. Intellectual demand and solitary work have not been directly associated with an increased risk of heart attacks in the same clear manner.

Question 13

Of the individuals below, who has the densest social network?
A)Jose, whose family, friends and co-workers all know each other
B)Caitlin, whose has extremely close relationships with the people in her network
C)Hope, whose family members are also her closest friends and co-workers
D)Peter, who has the fewest number of people in his network

Accepted Answer

Jose has the densest social network because his family, friends, and co-workers all know each other, indicating a high level of interconnectedness and potential for strong social ties. Caitlin's extremely close relationships may still be limited in number, while Hope's overlapping family and friend groups may be less interconnected than Jose's. Peter's few connections suggest a less dense network overall.

Question 14

Social and political issues in the 1960s and 70s, such as civil rights, the Vietnam War, and the Watergate political scandal were associated with increases of _____________.
A)Generalized economic hardship
B)Generalized powerlessness
C)Self-estrangement at work
D)Marital conflict

Accepted Answer

The social and political issues of the 1960s and 70s were associated with increases in generalized powerlessness, as individuals felt powerless to affect change in these major issues. The other options are not directly related to these particular historical events.

Question 15

Juan's job as a college professor is generally unsupervised, involves complex tasks and very little routine work.Mario's job as a factory worker is closely supervised, involves simple tasks and highly routine work.According to research on values and occupation, Juan is more likely to value _____________whereas Mario is more likely to value _____________.
A)Neatness; curiosity
B)Obedience; benevolence
C)Benevolence; tradition
D)Curiosity; obedience

Accepted Answer

According to research on values and occupation, individuals in jobs that involve complex tasks and little routine work are more likely to value curiosity, while those in jobs that are highly routine and closely supervised are more likely to value obedience. Therefore, Juan is more likely to value curiosity and Mario is more likely to value obedience, making option D the correct answer.

Question 16

Chezarea works full-time, attends night classes to receive an accounting degree, cares for her terminally ill father, and volunteers on the weekends for a mental health hotline.She is often exhausted, late to commitments, and low on money.She is experiencing ______________.
A)Alienation
B)Self-estrangement
C)Role overload
D)Spillover

Accepted Answer

Chezarea is experiencing role overload, which occurs when an individual has too many roles or commitments to fulfill. This can lead to exhaustion, lateness, and a lack of resources.

Question 17

Networks with weak ties are more helpful in job advancement than networks with strong ties.

Accepted Answer

According to Mark Granovetter's theory of the strength of weak ties, weak ties provide access to new information and opportunities that are not available within strong tie networks. Therefore, networks with weak ties can be more helpful in job advancement.

Question 18

According to research, stressful life events affect physical health more than cumulative or chronic stress.

Accepted Answer

Cumulative or chronic stress has been shown to have a more significant and lasting impact on physical health compared to isolated stressful life events, as it can lead to long-term wear and tear on the body.

Question 19

In terms of its social structure, the United States is best characterized as having _____________.
A)A caste system
B)Some amount of social mobility
C)A High degree of social mobility
D)A class-free society

Accepted Answer

While the United States does not have a completely class-free society, nor does it have a formal caste system, it does have some amount of social mobility. This means that individuals can move up or down the social ladder based on factors such as education, occupation, and income. However, the degree of social mobility may vary for different individuals and groups.

Question 20

In a country where men and women both place high value on benevolence, universalism, self-direction, hedonism and stimulation, which scenario most likely describes the gender dynamics in that country?
A)Men and women experience gender equality, relative to other countries
B)Women are more powerful than men, relative to other countries
C)Men are more powerful than women, relative to other countries
D)Gender is no longer a concept in the country

Accepted Answer

Since both men and women in this country value similar traits, it is likely that there is a higher level of gender equality compared to other countries where traditional gender roles may be more prevalent. This does not necessarily mean that there is complete gender equality, but rather a relative level of gender equality. Choices B, C, and D do not align with the information given.

Quiz 17: Social Structure and Personality Glossary References Index

Malik works as an operating room nurse.As one of a few male nurses among a largely female workforce, Malik is likely to experience ____________.

Craft and participatory systems are associated with greater job satisfaction than direct supervision systems of work.

Which of the following is NOT one of Schwarz's values?

PTSD following the 9/11 terrorist attacks was highest among people with higher socioeconoimc status (income and education).

Which of the following helps explain gender-based occupational segregation?

Which of the following systems of production is associated with lowest job satisfaction and least amount of pride in one's work?

Whenever Betty has a stressful day at work, she finds herself getting angry with her spouse.This is an example of _____________.

Lou's job on an assembly line is boring and allows him no control over his work hours, tasks, or employment conditions.These conditions are likely to directly lead to _____________.

People with aggressive, competitive personalities are more prone to heart disease than people who are less aggressive and competitive.

Although a source of stress, friends and family can be a coping resource because they provide ________________.

Jade is a transwoman who experiences microaggressions in her jobs.Which of the following is an example of a microaggression?

Which aspect(s) of jobs is associated with increased risk of heart attack?

Of the individuals below, who has the densest social network?

Social and political issues in the 1960s and 70s, such as civil rights, the Vietnam War, and the Watergate political scandal were associated with increases of _____________.

Chezarea works full-time, attends night classes to receive an accounting degree, cares for her terminally ill father, and volunteers on the weekends for a mental health hotline.She is often exhausted, late to commitments, and low on money.She is experiencing ______________.

Networks with weak ties are more helpful in job advancement than networks with strong ties.

According to research, stressful life events affect physical health more than cumulative or chronic stress.

In terms of its social structure, the United States is best characterized as having _____________.

In a country where men and women both place high value on benevolence, universalism, self-direction, hedonism and stimulation, which scenario most likely describes the gender dynamics in that country?