Question 1

Measurement error can become an ethical issue when an interviewer purposely guides the responses in a particular direction.

Accepted Answer

Purposely guiding responses in a particular direction can result in inaccurate or misleading data, which can have ethical implications. It can also violate the principle of objectivity and compromise the validity and reliability of the measurement instrument.

Question 2

The professor of a business statistics class wanted to find out the mean amount of time per week her students spent studying for the class.Among the 50 students in her class,20% were freshmen,50% were sophomores and 30% were juniors.She decided to select 2 students randomly from the freshmen,5 randomly from the sophomores and 3 randomly from the juniors.This is an example of a systematic sample.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of stratified random sampling, not systematic sampling. Systematic sampling would involve selecting every nth student in the class.

Question 3

Measurement error will become an ethical issue when the findings are presented without reference to sample size and margin of error.

Accepted Answer

Measurement error becomes an ethical issue when the findings are presented without disclosing the nature and extent of the error. Sample size and margin of error are important pieces of information to include, but their omission alone does not necessarily make it an ethical issue.

Question 4

You stand at the main entrance to a departmental store and pick the first 20 customers that enter the store after it has opened its door for business on a single day.This is an example of a systematic sample.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a convenience sample because the selection of the first 20 customers is based on ease of access and timing, rather than a systematic method of selecting every nth customer.

Question 5

The only way one can eliminate sampling error is to take the whole population as the sample.

Accepted Answer

Sampling error is the result of using a sample to estimate the characteristics of a larger population. The only way to eliminate this error is to take the entire population as the sample.

Question 6

Coverage error can become an ethical issue if a particular group is intentionally excluded from the frame.

Accepted Answer

Intentionally excluding a particular group from coverage can lead to the reinforcement of stereotypes and discrimination, which is an ethical issue. It is important for journalism to be inclusive and representative of all perspectives and communities.

Question 7

If you randomly select a student from the first row of a business statistics class and then every other fifth student thereafter until you get a sample of 20 students,this is an example of a convenience sample.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of systematic sampling, not convenience sampling, because it involves selecting every nth individual from a list or queue.

Question 8

Systematic samples are less efficient than a stratified sample.

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling may be less efficient than stratified sampling because it does not ensure that the sample is representative of various subgroups within the population, potentially leading to higher sampling error compared to stratified sampling, which is designed to improve representativeness by including known subgroups.

Question 9

In a business statistics class students sit randomly without particular preferences.A sample is selected by including everybody who sits in the first row.This is an example of a cluster sample.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a cluster sample because the first row is a cluster and everyone in that cluster is included in the sample.

Question 10

The sampling process begins by locating appropriate data sources called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sampling process begins by locating appropriate...

Question 11

Measurement error can become an ethical issue when a survey sponsor chooses leading questions that guide the responses in a particular direction.

Accepted Answer

This is because it is unethical to intentionally manipulate or influence respondents' answers in a particular direction, as this can distort the results of the survey and invalidate its findings. It is important for survey sponsors to ensure that questions are unbiased and accurately reflect the information they are trying to gather.

Question 12

________ results from the exclusion of certain groups of subjects from a population frame.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ results from the exclusion of certain...

Question 13

The question "Is your household income last year somewhere between $50,000 and $100,000?" will most likely result in coverage error.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The question "Is your household income last...

Question 14

An electronic appliance chain gathered customer opinions on their services using the customer feedback forms that are attached to the product registration forms.This is an example of a convenience sample.

Accepted Answer

A convenience sample is a non-random sample that is easily accessible and readily available to the researcher. In this case, the company used feedback forms from customers who had already registered their products, which is easily accessible and could be considered a convenience sample.

Question 15

________ results from the failure to collect data on all subjects in the sample.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ results from the failure to collect...

Question 16

To gather opinions on the efficacy of U.S.foreign policies,a sample of 50 faculty members is selected from the pool of university professors who have taught political science at the graduate level.This is an example of a judgment sample.

Accepted Answer

A judgment sample involves selecting individuals who are believed to have knowledge or expertise in the area being studied, which is true in this case as faculty members who teach political science at the graduate level are likely to have strong opinions on U.S. foreign policies.

Question 17

When participants are allowed to self-select into the sample,you have a nonprobability sample.

Accepted Answer

When participants are allowed to self-select, the sample is considered a nonprobability sample because it is not representative of the population and there is no way to measure the sampling error.

Question 18

Coverage error results in a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Coverage error results in a ________....

Question 19

The question "How many times have you abused your spouse in the last 6 months?" will most likely result in nonresponse error.

Accepted Answer

Asking about domestic abuse can be a sensitive and private topic. Many victims may feel uncomfortable or afraid to answer truthfully, leading to nonresponse error.

Question 20

To estimate the mean number of hours a student at a major university spent in the library,a researcher obtained the list of students from the registrar's office,from which she can select a random sample 200 students.This list is a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To estimate the mean number of hours...

Quiz 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions