Question 1

Elena is a 6-month-old infant. She is leaning that her basic needs will be taken care of by her caregivers and her environment. According to Erikson's theory, which stage of psychosocial development is Elena in?
A) Trust vs. mistrust
B) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
C) Initiative vs. guilt
D) Industry vs. inferiority

Accepted Answer

Elena is in the Trust vs. Mistrust stage, which is the first stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. This stage occurs from birth to approximately 18 months of age, where infants learn to trust or mistrust their caregivers and the environment based on whether their basic needs are met.

Question 2

According to Erikson, early experiences
A) have no impact on later development.
B) exert a continued influence on later development.
C) are determined by internal struggles and unconscious urges.
D) only predict future development once we reach 6 to 8 years of age.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development posits that early experiences shape and exert a continued influence on an individual's development throughout their life.

Question 3

A person who is____ would be labeled "anal-expulsive."
A) overly dependent
B) very gullible or easily fooled
C) orderly and neat
D) careless and sloppy

Accepted Answer

The term "anal-expulsive" comes from Freudian psychology, referring to a personality type that emerges from a specific stage of psychosexual development. According to Freud, individuals who are anal-expulsive are thought to have experienced a liberal toilet training phase, leading to qualities such as messiness or carelessness.

Question 4

According to Freud, where in consciousness does the psychic structure called the id reside?
A) Preconscious
B) Conscious
C) Unconscious
D) Archetype

Accepted Answer

The id is a key concept in Freudian psychology, representing the part of the psyche that is entirely unconscious. It contains the basic biological impulses and desires, operating according to the pleasure principle.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages?
A) Anal, latency, phallic, oral, genital
B) Oral, latency, anal, phallic, genital
C) Phallic, oral, anal, latency, genital
D) Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Accepted Answer

The correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages is oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital, as outlined in option D.

Question 6

According to Freud, during the first year of life, children are in the____ stage of development.
A) oral
B) fixated
C) anal
D) latency

Accepted Answer

Freud's psychosexual stages of development posit that during the first year of life, children are in the oral stage, where pleasure centers on the mouth.

Question 7

Is there research evidence to support the idea that children who are weaned early or breast-fed too long develop oral fixations such as nail biting or smoking?
A) Yes, this has largely been validated.
B) No, there is no research evidence to support the claim.
C) Yes, for men, but not for women.
D) No; instead, the fixation leads to traits such as sloppiness and carelessness.

Accepted Answer

There is no solid research evidence to support the claim that early weaning or prolonged breastfeeding leads to oral fixations such as nail biting or smoking. This idea stems from Freudian theories, which have not been empirically validated in this context.

Question 8

Who suggested that we develop in a healthy fashion by confronting and resolving developmental life crises?
A) Karen Horney
B) Erik Erikson
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Alfred Adler

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson proposed the theory of psychosocial development, which suggests that individuals go through eight stages of development, each characterized by a specific crisis that needs to be resolved for healthy psychological development.

Question 9

Freud believed that most of the human mind lay beneath consciousness, similar to a(n)
A) volcano.
B) submarine.
C) reflection.
D) iceberg.

Accepted Answer

Freud compared the human mind to an iceberg, with the bulk of it (the unconscious mind) lying beneath the surface of conscious awareness.

Question 10

According to Freud, which aspect of our personality is present at birth and is unconscious?
A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego
D) Superid

Accepted Answer

The Id is the only component of personality that is present from birth, according to Freud. It is entirely unconscious and includes the instinctive and primitive behaviors.

Question 11

According to Freud, the psychic structure called ego
A) helps the id get gratified in a socially appropriate way.
B) is driven by a quest for pleasure.
C) is our moral base that forces us to follow rules.
D) is biologically based and present at birth.

Accepted Answer

The ego, according to Freud, operates on the reality principle and helps the id get gratified in a socially appropriate way, mediating between the desires of the id and the constraints of the external world.

Question 12

The superego
A) represents the norms and morals of caregivers and society.
B) is innate and transmitted to the child genetically.
C) develops to help the child find rational ways of satisfying urges.
D) reflects the unique thought processes of the individual

Accepted Answer

The superego is part of Freud's psychoanalytic theory, representing the internalization of societal and parental standards of conduct. It functions as a moral compass, guiding the individual towards behaviors that are considered socially acceptable or ethical.

Question 13

Freud's theory
A) has had little impact on modern thought and is not used today.
B) has influenced our ideas about when and how to toilet train children.
C) was praised for being based primarily on adult's recollections of their childhoods.
D) introduced and emphasized the concept of free will into the study of child development.

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory has significantly influenced various aspects of modern thought, including our ideas about child development and the timing and methods of toilet training. His emphasis on the psychosexual stages of development, particularly the anal stage, has impacted beliefs and practices regarding toilet training.

Question 14

Children enter the latency stage at 5 or 6 years of age and
A) usually never progress to further stages.
B) generally stay there until adolescence begins.
C) then enter the phallic stage at adulthood.
D) stay there until the anal stage at age eight.

Accepted Answer

During the latency stage, which starts around age 5 or 6, children's psychosexual development pauses, and this stage lasts until puberty, marking the beginning of adolescence. This is a period focused on social and intellectual skills.

Question 15

Anna is an 8-year-old girl. Her sexual impulses are suppressed, and she spends her time focused on her schoolwork and developing relationships with same-sex friends. Which of Freud's psychosexual stages is Anna in?
A) Phallic
B) Latency
C) Genital
D) Oral

Accepted Answer

Anna is in the Latency stage according to Freud's psychosexual stages. This stage occurs between the ages of 6 and puberty, where sexual impulses are suppressed, allowing children to focus on their social and intellectual skills.

Question 16

Conner is 4 years old. He has developed a strong attachment to his mother and sees his father as a rival for her affections. According to Freud, which of the following stages is Connor in?
A) Phallic
B) Latency
C) Genital
D) Fixation

Accepted Answer

Conner is in the Phallic stage of Freud's psychosexual development stages. This stage occurs around ages 3 to 6 years, where children become aware of their bodies, the bodies of other children, and the bodies of their parents. The Oedipus complex, where a child feels a desire for the opposite-sex parent and jealousy toward the same-sex parent, is a key concept in this stage, aligning with Conner's feelings.

Question 17

Erikson labeled the stages of his theory based upon
A) chronological age.
B) psychosexual crises.
C) life crises.
D) unhealthy patterns of parenting.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's stages are based on psychosocial crises that occur at various stages of life, reflecting conflicts between personal impulses and the social world.

Question 18

Erikson's psychosocial theory deviates from Freud's psychosexual theory in that Erikson
A) emphasized sexual and aggressive instincts.
B) emphasized social relationships and physical maturation.
C) extended Freud's five stages to 10 stages.
D) noted that personality development actually begins before birth.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's psychosocial theory differs from Freud's psychosexual theory primarily in its emphasis on social relationships and the role of culture and society in personality development across the lifespan, rather than on innate sexual and aggressive drives. Erikson extended the scope of development beyond Freud's stages, proposing eight stages that span from infancy to old age, focusing on the challenges and tasks at each stage that are shaped by social and cultural factors.

Question 19

Who was the originator of psychoanalytic theory?
A) Horney
B) Jung
C) Freud
D) Darwin

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud is recognized as the originator of psychoanalytic theory, which emphasizes the importance of unconscious processes in shaping behavior and personality.

Question 20

According to psychoanalytic perspectives, children and adults are caught in conflict. Early in development, this conflict takes place between the child and
A) the external world.
B) their internal forces.
C) his/her superego.
D) the fixations the child develops during the psychosexual stages of development.

Accepted Answer

According to psychoanalytic perspectives, particularly Freud's theory, early conflicts in development occur between the child and the external world as they navigate their desires and societal expectations.

Quiz 1: History-Theories-And-Methods

Elena is a 6-month-old infant. She is leaning that her basic needs will be taken care of by her caregivers and her environment. According to Erikson's theory, which stage of psychosocial development is Elena in?

According to Erikson, early experiences

A person who is____ would be labeled "anal-expulsive."

According to Freud, where in consciousness does the psychic structure called the id reside?

Which of the following is the correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages?

According to Freud, during the first year of life, children are in the____ stage of development.

Is there research evidence to support the idea that children who are weaned early or breast-fed too long develop oral fixations such as nail biting or smoking?

Who suggested that we develop in a healthy fashion by confronting and resolving developmental life crises?

Freud believed that most of the human mind lay beneath consciousness, similar to a(n)

According to Freud, which aspect of our personality is present at birth and is unconscious?

According to Freud, the psychic structure called ego

The superego

Freud's theory

Children enter the latency stage at 5 or 6 years of age and

Anna is an 8-year-old girl. Her sexual impulses are suppressed, and she spends her time focused on her schoolwork and developing relationships with same-sex friends. Which of Freud's psychosexual stages is Anna in?

Conner is 4 years old. He has developed a strong attachment to his mother and sees his father as a rival for her affections. According to Freud, which of the following stages is Connor in?

Erikson labeled the stages of his theory based upon

Erikson's psychosocial theory deviates from Freud's psychosexual theory in that Erikson

Who was the originator of psychoanalytic theory?

According to psychoanalytic perspectives, children and adults are caught in conflict. Early in development, this conflict takes place between the child and