Question 1

Summarize the traditional attempts to criminalize child pornography.

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Question 2

Discuss the traditional notions of decency in the United States.

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Question 3

The first act specifically aimed at protecting families and children from online sexually explicit materials was the ________ Act.

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Question 4

In 1957, ________ determined that obscene material was not constitutionally protected by the First Amendment.

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Question 5

The Eleventh Circuit ruled that the ________ Act prohibited a substantial amount of protected speech.

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Question 6

The lack of definitive verbiage in the ________ Act of 1961 encouraged Congress to enact the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 (UIGEA), a technology-specific legislation, to prosecute online sports wagering and bookmaking activities.

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Question 7

While the First, Fourth, and Eleventh Circuits upheld the constitutionality of the ________ Act, denying it was overbroad or vague, the Ninth Circuit (California) ruled conversely.

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Question 8

The Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 expanded the ________ Act to include the production and distribution of computer-generated or other mechanically altered images of minors engaging in explicit conduct.

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Question 9

Summarize various technology specific legislations regarding child pornography in the United States.

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Question 10

In addition to the traditional provisions housed with the CPPA, the PROTECT Act also includes provisions originally housed within the ________ Act.

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Question 11

In the ________ case, the Supreme Court finally established a standard of scienter that had been lacking in Ferber.

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Question 12

In order to tighten prohibitions of child pornography on the federal level, Congress replaced the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation Act of 1977 with the________ Act of 1984.

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Question 13

The ________ Act was designed to overcome the constitutional challenges of overbreadth and vagueness that had been at issue in Ashcroft v.Free Speech Coalition.

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Question 14

In United States v.Mento, the petitioner argued that the CPPA was unconstitutional as it unfairly abridged the ________ Amendment, as it is aimed at inhibiting the expression of child pornography itself as opposed to the secondary effect of such expression.

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Question 15

In FCC v.Pacifica Foundation, the court ruled that the broad-based nature of ________ communication mandated a greater level of scrutiny.

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Question 16

Prior to the 1950s, traditional notions of decency and obscenity were governed by an obscenity statute originally developed in 1868 in ________.

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Question 17

The ________ Act of 2006 sought to reduce the flow of money to online gambling sites by regulating payment systems.

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Question 18

The resolute silence of the ________ with regard to emerging advancements in technology has created a patchwork of constitutionality unintended by the framers of the Constitution.

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Question 19

Discuss the existing legislations regarding Internet gambling and suggest remedies for the existing chaos at the international level.

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Question 20

Legislation regarding Child pornography and child victimization is an area that is under rapid evolution.Do the existing laws suffice to confront the challenges ahead? Substantiate your arguments discussing the evolution of child pornography legislations.

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Quiz 8: Applying the First Amendment to Computer-Related Crime