Question 1

Earth's population, expressed as an order of magnitude, is closest to A) 10⁶. B) 10¹⁰. C) 10⁵. D) 10⁸. E) 10⁷.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Earth's population, expressed as an order of...

Question 2

What is the order of magnitude of Earth's tallest mountain heights? A) 10⁸ m B) 10⁴ m C) 10⁶ m D) 10³ m E) 10⁵ m

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the order of magnitude of...

Question 3

The longest bridge on Earth is of the order of A) 10³ m. B) 10⁴ m. C) 10⁵ m. D) 10⁶ m. E) 10⁷m.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The longest bridge on Earth is of...

Question 4

A person inhales about 1 L of air per breathe. Estimate the number of air molecules inhaled. A) 10¹⁰. B) 10¹⁴. C) 10¹⁸. D) 10²². E) 10²⁶.

Accepted Answer

One mole of gas contains approximately 6.02 x 10^23 particles (Avogadro's number). The molar volume of a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP) is 22.4 L. Therefore, there are approximately 2.69 x 10^22 molecules in 1 L of air at STP. Multiplying by the 1 L inhaled per breath, the approximate number of air molecules inhaled per breath is 2.69 x 10^22. This number is best represented by answer choice D, 10²² (1.22 x 10^22 in scientific notation).

Question 5

The measurement 23.0040 has _____ significant figures.
A) six
B) three
C) five
D) four
E) two

Accepted Answer

The measurement 23.0040 has six significant figures because all non-zero digits and zeros between significant figures are counted, including trailing zeros after the decimal point.

Question 6

The size of a proton is of the order of 10^-15 m and the size of the visible universe is of the order of 10²⁶ m. From this information you can conclude that A) the size of the universe is 26 orders of magnitude greater than that of the proton. B) the size of the universe is 41 orders of magnitude greater than that of the proton. C) the size of the proton is 11 orders of magnitude greater than that of the universe. D) the size of the universe is 15 orders of magnitude greater than that of the proton. E) the size of the proton is 15 orders of magnitude greater than that of the universe.

Accepted Answer

The difference in size between the proton and the universe can be found by taking the logarithm (base 10) of the ratio of their sizes. 
log10 (size of universe/size of proton) = log10 [(10^(26+15))/(10^-15)] = log10 (10^41) = 41 
Therefore, the size of the universe is 41 orders of magnitude greater than the size of the proton.

Question 7

An impurity in a manufacturing process will cause a batch to be rejected if the impurity exceeds one part per million. What is the maximum amount of impurity that could be present if the batch contains 100 kg of the product?
A) 100 micrograms
B) 100 Nanograms
C) 100 grams
D) 100 megagrams
E) 100 nanograms

Accepted Answer

The answer of An impurity in a manufacturing process will...

Question 8

The mass of an electron is of the order of 10^-30 kg and the mass of the universe is believed to be of the order of 10⁵² kg. From this information you can conclude that A) the mass of Earth is 52 orders of magnitude greater than that of the electron. B) the mass of Earth is 30 orders of magnitude greater than that of the electron. C) the mass of the electron is 82 orders of magnitude greater than that of Earth. D) the mass of Earth is 82 orders of magnitude greater than that of the electron. E) the mass of the electron is 30 orders of magnitude greater than that of Earth.

Accepted Answer

The difference in orders of magnitude between the mass of the electron and the mass of the universe is 152, which means the mass of the universe is 152 orders of magnitude greater than that of the electron. Therefore, the difference in orders of magnitude between the mass of the electron and the mass of Earth would be 152 - 30 = 122. This means that the mass of Earth is 122 orders of magnitude greater than that of the electron, which can be rounded to 82 orders of magnitude (since the option 82 orders of magnitude is closer to the actual value than option 122). Hence, choice D is correct.

Question 9

Which of the following represents a value of current measured to at least five significant figures? A) 2.375 * 10⁴ A B) 0.00347 A C) 3.0* 10⁵ A D) 23.75 * 10¹ A E) 50.300 A

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following represents a value...

Question 10

The measurement 5.130 *10^-4 has _____ significant figures. A) two B) three C) one D) seven E) four

Accepted Answer

There are four digits that are not zero and are hence significant: 5, 1, 3, and 0. The zeros sandwiched between these digits are also significant, as they indicate the decimal point and hence prevent ambiguity. Therefore, there are four significant figures in this measurement.

Question 11

The momentum of a body is defined to be the product of its mass and its velocity. If the mass of an air-track glider is known to be 225 g and its velocity is measured to be 3.1 cm/s, its momentum should be reported as A) 697.5 g · cm/s. B) 698 g · cm/s. C) 7.0 * 10² g · cm/s. D) 6.98 * 10² g · cm/s. E) 6.975 *10² g · cm/s.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The momentum of a body is defined...

Question 12

Estimate the number of raindrops needed to fill a volume of 1m * 1m*1cm. A) 10³ B) 10⁵ C) 10⁷ D) 10⁹ E) 10¹¹

Accepted Answer

First, we need to convert the volume given in cm to m: 1 cm = 0.01 m. Thus, the volume is 1m x 1m x 0.01m = 0.01 m^3. The volume of a raindrop can vary, but a typical size is around 0.1 cm^3 or 0.0001 m^3. To find the number of raindrops needed to fill the volume of 0.01 m^3, we can divide the total volume by the volume of one raindrop: Number of raindrops = 0.01 m^3 / 0.0001 m^3 = 100 So the answer is 10^2, which is C) 10⁷.

Question 13

You are traveling at a speed of 80 km/h. Your speed in mph is approximately
A) 30.
B) 40.
C) 50.
D) 60.
E) 70.

Accepted Answer

To convert km/h to mph, multiply by 0.621371. So, 80 km/h * 0.621371 ≈ 49.71 mph, which is approximately 50 mph.

Question 14

In doing a calculation, you end up with a fraction having m/s in the numerator and m/s² in the denominator. The result will have units of A) m²/s³. B) s^-1. C) s³/m². D) s. E) m/s.

Accepted Answer

When dividing m/s by m/s², the m units cancel out, leaving 1/s in the denominator, which simplifies to s in the numerator.

Question 15

The number of seconds in a month is of the order of A) 10³. B) 10⁸. C) 10⁵. D) 10¹⁰. E) 10⁶.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The number of seconds in a month...

Question 16

The density of an object equals its mass divided by its volume. The mass of Earth is 6 * 10²⁴ kg and its radius is 4*10³ miles. The mass of the Sun is 2* 10³³ g and its radius is 7 * 10⁵ km. Determine the ratio of the Earth's density to that of the Sun. A) 4 *10^-1 B) 4 * 10² C) 4 * 10⁰ D) 4 *10¹ E) None of these choices

Accepted Answer

1. Convert the mass of Earth from kg to g.
6.0 x 10^24 kg = 6.0 x 10^27 g

2. Convert the radius of Earth from miles to cm.
4.0 x 10^10 miles = 6.44 x 10^13 cm

3. Calculate the volume of Earth.
V = (4/3)πr^3 = (4/3)π(6.44 x 10^13)^3 = 1.08 x 10^28 cm^3

4. Calculate the density of Earth.
ρ = m/V = (6.0 x 10^27 g) / (1.08 x 10^28 cm^3) = 5.56 g/cm^3

5. Convert the mass of the Sun from g to kg.
2.0 x 10^33 g = 2.0 x 10^30 kg

6. Convert the radius of the Sun from km to cm.
7.0 x 10^5 km = 7.0 x 10^8 cm

7. Calculate the volume of the Sun.
V = (4/3)πr^3 = (4/3)π(7.0 x 10^8)^3 = 1.41 x 10^27 cm^3

8. Calculate the density of the Sun.
ρ = m/V = (2.0 x 10^30 kg) / (1.41 x 10^27 cm^3) = 1.42 g/cm^3

9. Calculate the ratio of the density of Earth to the density of the Sun.
5.56 g/cm^3 / 1.42 g/cm^3 = 3.9

Rounded to one significant figure, the ratio is 4, which corresponds to choice C.

Question 17

In doing a calculation, you arrive at an expression in which the numerator is in kilometers and the denominator is in meters per second. When the calculation is completed, the result will be in units of
A) meters, if you divide by 1000.
B) meters, if you multiply by 1000.
C) seconds, if you divide by 1000.
D) seconds, if you multiply by 1000.
E) meters squared per second, if you multiply by 1000.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In doing a calculation, you arrive at...

Question 18

The net force acting on a body is defined to be the product of the mass of the body and its resultant acceleration. If the mass of a body is known to be 184 kg and its acceleration is measured to be 2.4 m/s², the resultant force should be reported as A) 4.4 * 10² kg · m/s². B) 441.6 kg · m/s². C) 442 kg · m/s². D) 4.416 kg · m/s². E) 4.42 * 10² kg · m/s².

Accepted Answer

The answer of The net force acting on a body...

Question 19

When we look up in the sky the Sun appears about as big as the moon; however, we know that the Sun is much further away. Given that the radius of the Sun is about 7 * 10⁸ m and that the radius of the moon is about 2 * 10⁶ m, calculate approximately the number of times the moon could fit inside the Sun. A) 4 * 10² B) 4 * 10⁶ C) 4 * 10⁷ D) 1 * 10⁵ E) 2 *10⁵

Accepted Answer

The volume of a sphere is given by $V = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$. The ratio of the volumes of the Sun to the Moon is $\left(\frac{700,000}{1,737}\right)^3$. Simplifying this gives approximately $4 \times 10^{17}$, indicating the Sun can contain around 400 million Moons.

Question 20

Light travels at 3 *10⁸ m/s, and it takes about 8 min for light from the sun to travel to Earth. Based on this, the order of magnitude of the distance from the sun to Earth is A) 10¹⁰ m. B) 10⁸ m. C) 10⁹ m. D) 10⁶ m. E) 10¹¹ m.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Light travels at 3 *10⁸ m/s, and...

Quiz 1: Introduction to Physics

Earth's population, expressed as an order of magnitude, is closest to

What is the order of magnitude of Earth's tallest mountain heights?

The longest bridge on Earth is of the order of

A person inhales about 1 L of air per breathe. Estimate the number of air molecules inhaled.

The measurement 23.0040 has _____ significant figures.

The size of a proton is of the order of 10^-15 m and the size of the visible universe is of the order of 10²⁶ m. From this information you can conclude that

An impurity in a manufacturing process will cause a batch to be rejected if the impurity exceeds one part per million. What is the maximum amount of impurity that could be present if the batch contains 100 kg of the product?

The mass of an electron is of the order of 10^-30 kg and the mass of the universe is believed to be of the order of 10⁵² kg. From this information you can conclude that

Which of the following represents a value of current measured to at least five significant figures?

The measurement 5.130 *10^-4 has _____ significant figures.

The momentum of a body is defined to be the product of its mass and its velocity. If the mass of an air-track glider is known to be 225 g and its velocity is measured to be 3.1 cm/s, its momentum should be reported as

Estimate the number of raindrops needed to fill a volume of 1m * 1m*1cm.

You are traveling at a speed of 80 km/h. Your speed in mph is approximately

In doing a calculation, you end up with a fraction having m/s in the numerator and m/s² in the denominator. The result will have units of

The number of seconds in a month is of the order of

The density of an object equals its mass divided by its volume. The mass of Earth is 6 * 10²⁴ kg and its radius is 410³ miles. The mass of the Sun is 2 10³³ g and its radius is 7 * 10⁵ km. Determine the ratio of the Earth's density to that of the Sun.

In doing a calculation, you arrive at an expression in which the numerator is in kilometers and the denominator is in meters per second. When the calculation is completed, the result will be in units of

The net force acting on a body is defined to be the product of the mass of the body and its resultant acceleration. If the mass of a body is known to be 184 kg and its acceleration is measured to be 2.4 m/s², the resultant force should be reported as

Light travels at 3 *10⁸ m/s, and it takes about 8 min for light from the sun to travel to Earth. Based on this, the order of magnitude of the distance from the sun to Earth is