Question 1

Learning that takes place without actual performance (a kind of latent learning) is called ________.
A) the learning/performance distinction
B) the innate performance preference
C) the delayed learning paradigm
D) the observational delay effect

Accepted Answer

The learning/performance distinction refers to the idea that learning can take place without actual performance, which is known as latent learning. Option B, innate performance preference, is not a commonly used term in psychology. Option C, delayed learning paradigm, is not a recognized term in psychology. Option D, observational delay effect, refers to the phenomenon of delay in learning that can occur when observing someone else perform a task.

Question 2

Cheryl is trying to teach her son to do the laundry by watching her. According to observational learning theory, to be effective what must occur?
A) Her son must always model the behavior immediately.
B) Her son must be motivated to learn how to do the laundry.
C) Her son must be able to complete other tasks while watching her.
D) Cheryl must show her son how to do the laundry while she is making dinner.

Accepted Answer

According to observational learning theory, for learning to occur, the observer must be motivated to learn the behavior being modeled. The other options do not align with observational learning theory.

Question 3

For observational learning to occur, each of the following must happen EXCEPT ______.
A) paying attention to what the model does
B) remembering what the model did
C) doing what the model did
D) being reinforced for imitating the model

Accepted Answer

While reinforcement can increase the chances of a behavior being repeated, it is not necessary for observational learning to occur. Therefore, the correct answer is D - being reinforced for imitating the model.

Question 4

If one presented the conditioned stimulus (such as a metronome) after the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (the food) in Pavlov's learning experiment, little or no classical conditioning would occur.

Accepted Answer

This is because the conditioned stimulus needs to be presented before the unconditioned stimulus in order for classical conditioning to occur.

Question 5

In Bandura's study of observational learning, the abbreviation AMID stands for ________.
A) attention, memory, imitation, desire
B) alertness, motivation, intent, monetary reward
C) achievement, momentum, initiative, memory
D) achievement, motivation, intellectual capacity, memory

Accepted Answer

AMID stands for attention, memory, imitation, and desire, which are the four key components of observational learning according to Bandura's theory. Attention refers to the learner's ability to focus and selectively attend to the modeled behavior, memory involves encoding and storing the observed behavior in memory, imitation refers to the ability to reproduce the behavior, and desire refers to the motivation or drive to perform the behavior.

Question 6

Michael grows up in a home where his father is generally unloving toward his mother. He observes his father yell and degrade his mother, and he notices that his mother never resists this treatment. Based on the work of Bandura, what might we predict about Michael's own relationships when he is older?
A) Michael will probably treat women very well, as he rebels against the behaviors he saw in his father.
B) Michael may treat women with discourtesy and disrespect, as he repeats the behavior he saw in his father.
C) Michael will probably have no relationships with women, as his father has taught him that relationships are not worth having.
D) Michael will always be very distant from his father, as he has learned that his father does not care about anyone but himself.

Accepted Answer

Bandura's social learning theory suggests that people learn behaviors and attitudes by observing and imitating others. In this case, Michael has observed his father's disrespect towards his mother without any resistance. This can lead to Michael learning and imitating his father's behavior, which could result in Michael treating women with discourtesy and disrespect in his own relationships.  Therefore, choice B is the most likely outcome. The other options are less likely as there is no evidence to suggest that Michael will rebel against his father's behavior or avoid relationships altogether, nor is there any evidence to suggest that Michael will always be distant from his father.

Question 7

Karawynn Long attempted to toilet train her cat. The principle of learning that was in operation was ________.
A) observational learning
B) classical conditioning
C) AMIM
D) shaping

Accepted Answer

Shaping involves reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior. In this case, Karawynn Long would have reinforced her cat for using the toilet in small steps until the desired behavior of using the toilet exclusively was achieved. Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with a reflex response, such as Pavlov's dogs salivating at the sound of a bell. Observational learning involves learning through observation and imitation of others' behaviors. AMIM is not a principle or type of learning.

Question 8

A young boy is watching TV. In one show he sees a bully steal a lunch from another child. The bully then enjoys eating the other child's lunch. Because this boy feels that his mother makes him a rather skimpy lunch and he is always hungry at school, he starts stealing other kids' lunches at school. According to Bandura's theory of observational learning, his hunger at lunchtime most influenced which factor?
A) attention
B) memory
C) imitation
D) desire

Accepted Answer

The boy's hunger at lunchtime most influenced his desire to steal other kids' lunches, which is consistent with Bandura's theory of observational learning.

Question 9

Bandura conducted a classic study known as the "Bobo" doll study. The term Bobo refers to ________.
A) Bandura's pet name for the dog used in the study
B) Bandura's loyal but strange assistant that carried out the study
C) Bandura's nickname that his wife had given him
D) the type of inflatable doll that was used in the study

Accepted Answer

The term Bobo refers to the type of inflatable doll that was used in the study.

Question 10

In Pavlov's original experiment of classical conditioning, dogs learned to salivate at the sound of a metronome when the metronome was repeatedly paired with the presentation of food. The food is referred to as the unconditioned response.

Accepted Answer

The food is the unconditioned stimulus, which leads to the unconditioned response of salivation. Through repeated pairing with the metronome, the metronome becomes the conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response of salivation without the presence of food.

Question 11

A conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the paired presentation of the UCS. After time, the subject no longer makes the conditioned response. This fading of the CR is known as habituation.

Accepted Answer

This fading of the CR is known as extinction, not habituation. Habituation refers to a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations, without the involvement of a conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus pairing.

Question 12

A change in behavior that is relatively permanent and brought about by experience is commonly referred to by psychologists as acquisition behavior.

Accepted Answer

A change in behavior that is relatively permanent and brought about by experience is commonly referred to by psychologists as learning, not acquisition behavior. Acquisition specifically refers to the initial stage of the learning process during which a response is first established.

Question 13

Classical conditioning was accidentally discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov while he was studying salivation in dogs.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Pavlov's original research goal was to examine digestive processes in dogs, but he noticed that the dogs began to salivate in response to stimuli that were not directly related to food, such as the sound of a bell. This led him to discover classical conditioning.

Question 14

A Congressional hearing is taking place in Washington, DC. The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today. What psychological process are the representatives probably considering as the reason that TV influences school violence?
A) observational learning
B) operant conditioning
C) classical conditioning
D) insight learning

Accepted Answer

The representatives are likely considering observational learning as the reason that TV influences school violence, as this process involves the learning of new behaviors by observing others and the consequences of their actions. Children may observe violent behaviors on TV shows and model them in their own behavior, which could contribute to increased violence in schools. Operant conditioning and classical conditioning may also play a role, but observational learning is the most directly related to the content of TV shows. Insight learning is not applicable in this context.

Question 15

Which letters correspond to the four elements of modeling from Bandura's theory?
A) MIMA
B) AMID
C) BANDURA
D) MOMA

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which letters correspond to the four elements...

Question 16

A Congressional hearing is taking place in Washington, DC. The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today. The work of what psychologist is most relevant to their discussions?
A) Bandura
B) Tolman
C) Skinner
D) Pavlov

Accepted Answer

Bandura's social learning theory proposes that individuals learn through observation and imitation of behavior, particularly from role models. Therefore, his work on the effects of media violence on behavior and attitudes would be most relevant to a discussion on the portrayal of violence on children's TV shows and its potential impact on real-life violence, such as in schools.

Question 17

Dad is watching a home improvement show about how to install a new sink. He really wants to do it and watches the show intently. He knows that his wife will reward him when he is done. However, when he tests the new sink, water spurts everywhere. Taking the new sink apart, he finds that he has left out the crucial washers in the faucet assembly even though this was emphasized in the TV show. What part of Bandura's theory of the necessary components of observational learning is most likely the reason for this disaster?
A) attention
B) memory
C) imitation
D) motivation

Accepted Answer

The reason for the disaster is most likely related to memory, as the dad forgot to include the crucial washers in the faucet assembly despite it being emphasized in the TV show. This indicates a failure to remember an important step shown during the observational learning process.

Question 18

In Bandura's study with the Bobo doll, the children in the group who saw the model punished did not imitate the model at first. They would only imitate the model if given a reward for doing so. The fact that these children had obviously learned the behavior without actually performing it is an example of ________.
A) latent learning
B) operant conditioning
C) classical conditioning
D) insight learning

Accepted Answer

Latent learning is the concept that learning can occur without an immediate change in behavior. In Bandura's study, the children who saw the punished model had learned the behavior but did not initially show it, indicating that they had formed a cognitive representation of the behavior (latent learning) rather than simply imitating the model's behavior through operant or classical conditioning.

Question 19

A young child watches her mother make pancakes. She wants to please her mother so she pays attention. However, when she goes to make them on her own, she can't break the eggs for the batter without making a terrible mess and dropping them on the floor, no matter how hard she tries. Her attempt failed because of a problem with which part of the necessary components for observational learning?
A) attention
B) memory
C) imitation
D) desire

Accepted Answer

The child's attempt failed due to a problem with imitation, as she was unable to accurately replicate the action of breaking eggs despite paying attention and wanting to please her mother.

Question 20

A girl learns that whenever her brother shares his cookie with her, her mother gives him a piece of candy. The girl starts sharing her treats with her friends when they come over in the hopes of getting a similar reward. The girl's learning to share is an example of ________.
A) classical conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) contingency theory
D) observational learning

Accepted Answer

The answer of A girl learns that whenever her brother...

Quiz 5: Learning

Learning that takes place without actual performance (a kind of latent learning) is called ________.

Cheryl is trying to teach her son to do the laundry by watching her. According to observational learning theory, to be effective what must occur?

For observational learning to occur, each of the following must happen EXCEPT ______.

If one presented the conditioned stimulus (such as a metronome) after the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (the food) in Pavlov's learning experiment, little or no classical conditioning would occur.

In Bandura's study of observational learning, the abbreviation AMID stands for ________.

Karawynn Long attempted to toilet train her cat. The principle of learning that was in operation was ________.

Bandura conducted a classic study known as the "Bobo" doll study. The term Bobo refers to ________.

In Pavlov's original experiment of classical conditioning, dogs learned to salivate at the sound of a metronome when the metronome was repeatedly paired with the presentation of food. The food is referred to as the unconditioned response.

A conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the paired presentation of the UCS. After time, the subject no longer makes the conditioned response. This fading of the CR is known as habituation.

A change in behavior that is relatively permanent and brought about by experience is commonly referred to by psychologists as acquisition behavior.

Classical conditioning was accidentally discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov while he was studying salivation in dogs.

Which letters correspond to the four elements of modeling from Bandura's theory?

A Congressional hearing is taking place in Washington, DC. The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today. The work of what psychologist is most relevant to their discussions?

A girl learns that whenever her brother shares his cookie with her, her mother gives him a piece of candy. The girl starts sharing her treats with her friends when they come over in the hopes of getting a similar reward. The girl's learning to share is an example of ________.