Question 1

Three of the following statements are consistent with the textbook's suggestions for using peer tutoring.Which one is not consistent with the textbook's suggestions?
A)By tutoring children in lower grades, students with social difficulties can develop better social skills.
B)Tutors function most effectively when they are allowed to use teaching strategies that they develop on their own.
C)Teachers should regularly monitor the effects of peer tutoring to be sure that both the tutors and the students being tutored are learning from the process.
D)Tutors are usually most effective when they have learned the subject matter very well.

Accepted Answer

The textbook suggests that peer tutors should be given some training and guidance in using effective teaching strategies, rather than being left to develop their own strategies entirely on their own.

Question 2

In cooperative learning, you would be most likely to form all-male and all-female cooperative groups if your goal was to:
A)Maximize the heterogeneity of group members' ability levels
B)Encourage all group members to participate actively
C)Use scripted cooperation to facilitate the activity
D)Establish base groups for the entire school year

Accepted Answer

Forming all-male and all-female cooperative groups can help in encouraging all group members to participate actively. This is because some students may feel more comfortable and less intimidated in single-gender groups, leading to increased participation.

Question 3

Some advocates of cooperative learning suggest that the most effective cooperative groups are those that include a wide range of student ability levels.How can we best summarize research findings regarding the effectiveness of different kinds of groups?
A)These advocates are correct; heterogeneous grouping maximizes student achievement.
B)Low-ability students do better when placed with high-ability students, but middle- ability students work best with students very similar to themselves in ability.
C)High-ability students rarely, if ever, benefit from working with low-ability students.
D)Research results are inconclusive with regard to the optimal range of ability levels within a particular group.

Accepted Answer

While some studies have found that heterogeneous grouping can benefit all students, other studies have found that this type of grouping can actually hinder learning for some students. Additionally, some research suggests that students may benefit more from working with peers who have similar ability levels. Overall, the research results are inconclusive and there is no one-size-fits-all answer to which kind of group is most effective.

Question 4

Three of the following are potential disadvantages of cooperative learning.Which one has not been identified as a disadvantage?
A)Students do not always have the necessary skills to teach one another effectively.
B)Students may learn incorrect information from other group members.
C)Students from ethnic minority groups rarely benefit from cooperative learning activities.
D)Students may be more interested in completing the task quickly than in helping one another learn.

Accepted Answer

While A, B, and D have been identified as potential disadvantages of cooperative learning, C is not accurate. In fact, research has shown that cooperative learning can be particularly beneficial for students from ethnic minority groups in terms of improving academic performance and social skills.

Question 5

Which one of the following cooperative groups is using the jigsaw technique?
A)When studying types of mountains volcanic, dome, fold, and block), each student studies one type and teaches what he or she has learned to other group members.
B)When attempting to solve several challenging mathematics problems, group members brainstorm possible ways of solving each one.
C)As it prepares for a debate about capital punishment, a cooperative group decides which group member will present which argument.
D)After everyone has read Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, group members divide up the scenes of the play, and each student skims through his or her scenes for examples of symbolism.

Accepted Answer

The jigsaw technique involves dividing a topic or task into smaller pieces and assigning each piece to a different member of the group. Each member becomes an expert on their piece and then shares what they have learned with the rest of the group. In option A, each student studies one type of mountain and then teaches it to the group, which aligns with the jigsaw technique.

Question 6

Which one of the following best illustrates how teachers can effectively structure a peer tutoring session?
A)Tell tutors how long they should spend on each topic they are tutoring.
B)Give students examples of the kinds of questions they should ask one another.
C)Remind tutors that they should ask at least 10 questions during a tutoring session.
D)Give the students being tutored an upper limit on the number of questions they can ask their tutors.

Accepted Answer

Giving students examples of the kinds of questions they should ask one another is the best choice as it sets a framework for the peer tutoring session while still allowing for flexibility and personalization. Option A is too rigid and may not allow for individual needs or pacing. Option C puts too much pressure on the tutors and may cause them to focus solely on quantity rather than quality of questions. Option D restricts the learning opportunities for the students being tutored.

Question 7

Three of the following statements about peer tutoring are true.Which one is false?
A)It fosters friendships among students from diverse backgrounds.
B)It provides a context in which students feel more at ease asking questions.
C)In some cases, it leads to higher achievement than whole-class instruction.
D)There are academic benefits for the students being tutored but not for the tutors.

Accepted Answer

While there are academic benefits for the students being tutored, research has shown that there are also academic benefits for the tutors themselves, including increased self-confidence and improved communication and leadership skills.

Question 8

Three of the following are accurate statements about the benefits of cooperative learning.Which statement is not accurate?
A)Students rarely get off task during cooperative learning activities.
B)Students acquire greater metacognitive awareness of effective learning strategies.
C)Students are more likely to develop friendships with students of diverse ethnic backgrounds.
D)Students often show higher academic achievement in comparison to students instructed in more traditional ways.

Accepted Answer

While cooperative learning can be effective at keeping students engaged and on-task, it is not accurate to say that students rarely get off task during such activities. Some students may still struggle with staying focused, but the group dynamic and accountability can help minimize this issue.

Question 9

Which concept from behaviorism figures prominently in cooperative learning?
A)Intrinsic reinforcement
B)Group contingency
C)Conditioned response
D)Continuous reinforcement

Accepted Answer

Group contingency is the concept from behaviorism that figures prominently in cooperative learning. In cooperative learning, students work together as a group towards a common goal, and the success or failure of the group depends on the individual contributions of each member. This creates a group contingency where each student's behavior affects the reinforcement for the entire group. Therefore, students are motivated to engage in cooperative behavior to ensure that the group succeeds.

Question 10

Three of the following are typical elements of effective cooperative learning activities.Which one is not typical of such activities?
A)Group members depend on one another for their learning.
B)Each group member works on a different instructional objective.
C)Students are given guidelines about how to behave in their groups.
D)Group members must individually demonstrate what they have learned.

Accepted Answer

In effective cooperative learning activities, group members typically work on the same instructional objective or task to ensure collaboration and interdependence. Option B states that each group member works on a different instructional objective, which is not typical of such activities. The other options (A, C, and D) are typical elements of effective cooperative learning activities.

Question 11

Which one of the following best reflects technology-based collaborative learning as the textbook describes it?
A)Students share their work on a classroom data base, give one another feedback, and build on one another's ideas.
B)Working in small cooperative groups, students use word-processing software to create a class newsletter, short story, or other significant piece of writing.
C)Students use Facebook to locate age-mates across the nation who might like to explore a topic of mutual interest.
D)Students learn a simple computer programming language and then, working in pairs, create computer games that can help them acquire automaticity for basic math facts.

Accepted Answer

Option A reflects technology-based collaborative learning as the textbook describes it, as students are utilizing a classroom database and providing feedback to one another, while also building on each other's ideas. This type of learning encourages active participation, engagement, and communication among peers, all of which are important components of technology-based collaborative learning. The other options involve technology in some form, but they do not fully capture the collaborative aspect of technology-based collaborative learning as described in the textbook.

Question 12

Cooperative learning can be justified using three of the following theoretical concepts.Which one of the italicized concepts that follow is least accurate with respect to cooperative learning activities?
A)Students in a cooperative group provide scaffolding for one another as they attempt challenging tasks.
B)Students get continuous reinforcement for their responses.
C)Students model effective thinking skills for one another.
D)Students' self-efficacy increases when they see their classmates succeed.

Accepted Answer

While students in a cooperative learning setting may receive feedback and correction from their peers, the concept of "continuous reinforcement" implies a constant reward system that is not necessarily part of cooperative learning. Cooperative learning focuses more on collaboration and mutual support among students.

Question 13

The students in Mr.Cohen's class have formed cooperative groups of three students each to study a chapter in their science book.Which one of the following groups is acting in a way most consistent with the idea of scripted cooperation?
A)The students divide the chapter up into sections that each contain roughly one-third of the material.They read their allotted sections and then plan how they can best teach the material to their fellow group members.
B)The students work actively to help one another learn because they know that their final grade for the activity will depend not only on how much they learn, but also on how much the other two group members learn.
C)One student reads a paragraph aloud, a second summarizes it, and the third listens for any errors or omissions the second student might have made.The three students change roles for each successive paragraph.
D)At the end of the cooperative learning activity, Mr.Cohen asks each group to evaluate its effectiveness in terms of these questions: "Did they all actively participate?" "Did they listen to one another?" "Did they criticize ideas rather than people?"

Accepted Answer

Scripted cooperation involves assigning specific roles or tasks to each member of the group. In option C, each student has a specific role (reading, summarizing, listening for errors) and they rotate these roles, making it a clear example of scripted cooperation. Option A involves dividing the material and planning, but doesn't assign specific roles to each student. Option B involves mutual accountability, but doesn't have clearly defined roles. Option D involves evaluation after the fact, but doesn't involve specific roles or tasks during the activity.

Question 14

As a teacher, you want two students who have physical disabilities to develop closer friendships with their nondisabled classmates.Of the following choices, the best instructional approach to use for this purpose is:
A)Computer-based instruction
B)Mastery learning
C)Cooperative learning
D)Expository instruction

Accepted Answer

Cooperative learning involves students working together in small groups to achieve a common goal. This approach can promote social interaction and encourage students to appreciate the unique strengths and abilities of their classmates with physical disabilities. By fostering collaboration and mutual support, cooperative learning can help to break down barriers and build positive relationships among all students in the classroom.

Question 15

For which students with special needs are homogeneous cooperative groups sometimes recommended?
A)Students who are gifted
B)Students with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
C)Students with social or behavioral problems
D)Students who have a variety of physical and sensory disabilities

Accepted Answer

Homogeneous cooperative groups are sometimes recommended for students who are gifted to provide them with challenging academic tasks and opportunities to work with peers who have similar abilities. This allows them to engage in more in-depth discussions and problem-solving activities.

Question 16

Three of the following statements are consistent with the textbook's recommendations for teaching students with special needs.Which statement is not consistent with its recommendations?
A)Students with specific cognitive difficulties can use grammar and spell checkers to compensate for possible deficits in their language skills.
B)Expository instruction can be an effective method for students with advanced cognitive development.
C)Students with general delays in cognitive development benefit most from discovery learning approaches.
D)Carefully monitored cooperative learning activities can help students with social or behavioral problems acquire better social skills.

Accepted Answer

The textbook recommends that students with general delays in cognitive development may struggle with discovery learning approaches and may benefit more from direct instruction or structured activities. Therefore, statement C is not consistent with the textbook's recommendations.

Question 17

Nine-year-old Ricky has recently learned how to solve long division problems, and he still struggles with especially difficult problems.At his mother's request, Ricky helps his eight-year-old sister Lucy with the simple long division problems she must do for her math homework.From the perspective of Vygotsky's theory, which one of the following is most likely to result?
A)Ricky's own long division skills will improve because he will internalize the instructions he gives Lucy.
B)Ricky will gain nothing from helping his sister because doing long division is outside his zone of proximal development.
C)Ricky's own long division skills will decrease, because any mistakes that Lucy makes will "corrupt" his own mathematical thinking.
D)By helping Lucy with her long division problems, Ricky will be able to practice using formal operational thinking skills.

Accepted Answer

According to Vygotsky's theory of the zone of proximal development, learning occurs when a person is assisted by someone who has a higher skill level. In this scenario, Ricky's assistance to Lucy with simple long division problems falls within his zone of proximal development, and as he explains the steps and strategies to Lucy, he is internalizing and mastering them himself. Thus, helping Lucy with her long division problems is likely to result in Ricky's own long division skills improving.

Question 18

Which one of the following teachers is using the recommended approach to evaluating students' achievement in a cooperative learning situation?
A)Ms.Au has students take notes on what they are learning throughout a cooperative learning session.
B)Mr.Baer's cooperative groups turn in a research paper co-authored by all group members.
C)Mr.Craighead's students meet with him in their cooperative groups to explain to him what they have learned during the session.
D)Ms.Donaldson gives students a quiz over the material that groups have studied; students get extra credit if everyone in their group scores high.

Accepted Answer

Ms. Donaldson's approach ensures individual accountability while also encouraging group members to help each other understand the material, which is a key aspect of cooperative learning.

Question 19

Mario is an 8-year-old third grader who lives in a largely Hispanic community in Arizona.Considering typical ethnic group differences and without knowing anything else about Mario, with which instructional approach would you expect him to feel most comfortable?
A)A textbook chapter appropriate for his reading skills
B)An in-class workbook exercise
C)A direct instruction lesson
D)A cooperative learning activity

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that Hispanic students tend to thrive in cooperative learning environments where they can work collaboratively with their peers. This approach allows for a sense of community and support while also valuing group achievement over individual success.

Question 20

As a teacher, you want your students to learn basic concepts in chemistry well enough that they can build on the concepts when studying more advanced topics.Of the following choices, the best instructional approach to use for this purpose is:
A)Lecture
B)Discovery learning
C)A homework assignment
D)Direct instruction

Accepted Answer

Direct instruction involves explicitly teaching students the basic concepts and skills needed to understand more advanced topics. It provides a structured and systematic approach to learning that allows students to build a strong foundation for future learning. This approach is particularly effective for teaching basic concepts in chemistry.

Quiz 12: Instructional Strategies

Three of the following statements are consistent with the textbook's suggestions for using peer tutoring.Which one is not consistent with the textbook's suggestions?

In cooperative learning, you would be most likely to form all-male and all-female cooperative groups if your goal was to:

Some advocates of cooperative learning suggest that the most effective cooperative groups are those that include a wide range of student ability levels.How can we best summarize research findings regarding the effectiveness of different kinds of groups?

Three of the following are potential disadvantages of cooperative learning.Which one has not been identified as a disadvantage?

Which one of the following cooperative groups is using the jigsaw technique?

Which one of the following best illustrates how teachers can effectively structure a peer tutoring session?

Three of the following statements about peer tutoring are true.Which one is false?

Three of the following are accurate statements about the benefits of cooperative learning.Which statement is not accurate?

Which concept from behaviorism figures prominently in cooperative learning?

Three of the following are typical elements of effective cooperative learning activities.Which one is not typical of such activities?

Which one of the following best reflects technology-based collaborative learning as the textbook describes it?

Cooperative learning can be justified using three of the following theoretical concepts.Which one of the italicized concepts that follow is least accurate with respect to cooperative learning activities?

The students in Mr.Cohen's class have formed cooperative groups of three students each to study a chapter in their science book.Which one of the following groups is acting in a way most consistent with the idea of scripted cooperation?

As a teacher, you want two students who have physical disabilities to develop closer friendships with their nondisabled classmates.Of the following choices, the best instructional approach to use for this purpose is:

For which students with special needs are homogeneous cooperative groups sometimes recommended?

Three of the following statements are consistent with the textbook's recommendations for teaching students with special needs.Which statement is not consistent with its recommendations?

Which one of the following teachers is using the recommended approach to evaluating students' achievement in a cooperative learning situation?

Mario is an 8-year-old third grader who lives in a largely Hispanic community in Arizona.Considering typical ethnic group differences and without knowing anything else about Mario, with which instructional approach would you expect him to feel most comfortable?

As a teacher, you want your students to learn basic concepts in chemistry well enough that they can build on the concepts when studying more advanced topics.Of the following choices, the best instructional approach to use for this purpose is: