Question 1

What is child-directed speech? What are some other strategies adults use to increase infants' acquisition of language? Provide an example of an adult using child-directed speech.

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Question 2

List three benefits of breast feeding for the child.

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Question 3

What is joint attention? Describe how it applies to language development.

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Question 4

Kuhl states that from birth to about six months old, infants are "citizens of the world" and something changes with their language development. Explain what Kuhl means.

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Question 5

Describe what Karen Adolph found when she investigated how experienced and inexperienced crawling and walking infants go down steep slopes, and give one piece of advice to parents based on this research.

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Question 6

In cautioning that research on breast feeding is correlational, researchers cited characteristics of women who are more likely to breast feed that may influence the correlational findings. What are three of those characteristics?

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Question 7

Long before infants speak recognizable words, they produce a number of vocalizations. Describe some of these vocalizations in the order that they appear in infants.

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Question 8

Distinguish between explicit memory and implicit memory, and give an example of each.

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Question 9

Using Piaget's vocabulary, describe what happens when disequilibrium motivates movement to a new way of thinking. Use the example of a child who thinks that anything fuzzy with four legs is a "puppy," and how that scheme might change.

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Question 10

Define receptive vocabulary and spoken vocabulary. What is the relationship between the two?

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Question 11

Define gross and fine motor skills, and give an example of each.

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Question 12

Explain the primary differences between a nativist approach and an empiricist approach to perceptual development in infancy.

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Question 13

What is infantile amnesia? What are two explanations given for this phenomenon?

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Question 14

Give an example of the way an infant might demonstrate the A-not-B error and two of the criticisms of Piaget's view of it.

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Question 15

Explain the reasoning behind the use of habituation as a way to determine if infants can discriminate between stimuli, and create an example demonstrating the process.

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Question 16

Give three effective strategies that parents can use to facilitate their children's language development and give an example for each description.

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Quiz 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy