Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the external ear?
A) auditory tube
B) helix
C) lobule
D) external auditory canal

Accepted Answer

The auditory tube, also known as the Eustachian tube, is a part of the middle ear, not the external ear. The helix, lobule, and external auditory canal are all components of the external ear.

Question 2

Mucus found on the surface of the olfactory epithelium:
A) is produced by glands beneath the olfactory epithelium.
B) makes it possible for odorants to react with the olfactory receptors.
C) is produced in increased amounts in response to stimulation by the facial (VII) nerves.
D) All of these choices.

Accepted Answer

Mucus on the surface of the olfactory epithelium is indeed produced by glands beneath the epithelium, facilitates the interaction of odorants with olfactory receptors, and its production can increase in response to stimulation, although the primary nerve involved in olfactory function is the olfactory (I) nerve, not the facial (VII) nerve. However, the facial nerve does play roles in other aspects of nasal function and response. The statement as it stands, despite the slight confusion about nerve roles, suggests all listed functions are attributed to the mucus, making D the encompassing choice.

Question 3

Taste buds of a young adult are located on the:
A) epiglottis
B) pharynx
C) tongue and soft palate
D) All of these choices

Accepted Answer

Taste buds in a young adult are located on the tongue, soft palate, epiglottis, and pharynx, making all of these choices correct.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the cornea is TRUE?
A) The outer surface is keratinized simple squamous epithelium.
B) The outer surface is nonkeratinized simple squamous epithelium.
C) The connective tissue layer of the cornea is avascular.
D) It contains proteins called crystallins.

Accepted Answer

The connective tissue layer of the cornea is avascular, meaning it does not contain blood vessels.

Question 5

The vestibular apparatus is located in the:
A) middle ear.
B) anterior cavity of the eye.
C) nasal cavity.
D) internal ear.

Accepted Answer

The vestibular apparatus, which is responsible for balance and spatial orientation, is located in the internal ear, not in the middle ear, anterior cavity of the eye, or nasal cavity.

Question 6

Select the best description for the fungiform papillae:
A) largest type; all contain taste buds
B) distributed in V-shaped row on the anterior portion of the tongue
C) mushroom shaped; evenly distributed over the tongue
D) contain no taste buds

Accepted Answer

Fungiform papillae are indeed mushroom-shaped and are evenly distributed over the tongue, with a higher concentration at the tip and sides. They contain taste buds, which are responsible for the perception of taste.

Question 7

Which of the following is primarily responsible for the sensation of hearing?
A) spiral organ
B) ampulla
C) saccule
D) utricle

Accepted Answer

The spiral organ, also known as the organ of Corti, is located in the cochlea of the inner ear and is primarily responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain as sound, thus it is directly responsible for the sensation of hearing.

Question 8

A layer of dense connective tissue that covers the entire eyeball except the cornea is called _____.
A) choroid
B) conjunctiva
C) sclera
D) uvea

Accepted Answer

The sclera is the dense connective tissue that covers the entire eyeball except for the cornea, providing protection and form to the eye.

Question 9

Which of the following types of cells is the first to receive a light ray as it travels through the retina?
A) bipolar cell
B) ganglion cell
C) pigmented epithelium
D) photoreceptor cell

Accepted Answer

The ganglion cells are the first layer of cells that light encounters as it enters the retina.

Question 10

In what order do the following structures vibrate as sound is transmitted? 
1) stapes
2) tympanic membrane
3) oval window
4) incus
5) malleus
A) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3
B) 3, 4, 5, 1, 2
C) 2, 1, 5, 4, 3
D) 2, 5, 4, 1, 3

Accepted Answer

The correct order of vibration as sound is transmitted through the ear is: tympanic membrane (2), malleus (5), incus (4), stapes (1), and finally the oval window (3). This sequence follows the path of sound from the outer ear, through the middle ear, and into the inner ear.

Question 11

Place the following in the correct order for the transmission of olfactory information that results in odor perception. 
1) olfactory bulbs
2) olfactory tract
3) temporal cortex
4) olfactory (I) nerves
5) frontal cortex
A) 4, 1, 2, 3, 5
B) 4, 2, 1, 3, 5
C) 2, 1, 4, 3, 5
D) 2, 4, 1, 3, 5

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence for the transmission of olfactory information starts with the olfactory (I) nerves (4) detecting the odor, then the signal is transmitted to the olfactory bulbs (1), followed by the olfactory tract (2), and finally, the information is processed in the temporal cortex (3) and the frontal cortex (5) for odor perception.

Question 12

Select the best description for the vallate (circumvallate) papillae:
A) largest type; all contain taste buds
B) distributed in V-shaped row on the anterior portion of the tongue
C) mushroom shaped; evenly distributed over the tongue
D) contain no taste buds

Accepted Answer

Vallate (circumvallate) papillae are the largest type of papillae on the tongue and all contain taste buds. They are located at the back of the tongue and are involved in the sensation of taste.

Question 13

The olfactory epithelium occupies the superior part of the:
A) nasal cavity.
B) nasal septum.
C) superior nasal conchae.
D) All of these choices.

Accepted Answer

The olfactory epithelium is located in the superior part of the nasal cavity, including the superior nasal conchae and the opposite nasal septum, making all of these choices correct.

Question 14

Select the best description for the filiform papillae:
A) largest type; all contain taste buds
B) distributed in V-shaped row on the anterior portion of the tongue
C) mushroom shaped; evenly distributed over the tongue
D) contain no taste buds

Accepted Answer

Filiform papillae are the most numerous of the papillae types on the tongue and are notable for not containing taste buds. They are primarily involved in the mechanical aspect of tasting, helping to move food around in the mouth.

Question 15

Select the best description for the lacrimal glands:
A) near the external opening of the external auditory canal
B) embedded in tarsal plate of eyelid
C) superior and lateral to the eyeball
D) in connective tissue underneath the olfactory epithelium
E) at the base of the follicles of the eyelashes

Accepted Answer

The lacrimal glands are located in the orbit above the lateral end of each eye, specifically superior and lateral to the eyeball. Their function is to produce tears, which help lubricate and protect the eye surface.

Question 16

The cranial nerves containing neurons of the gustatory pathway are: 
1) facial (VII) nerve
2) vagus (X) nerve
3) glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
4) trigeminal (V) nerve
5) abducens (VI) nerve
A) 1, 3, 5
B) 2, 3, 4
C) 1, 2, 3
D) 1, 4, 5

Accepted Answer

The gustatory pathway involves the facial (VII) nerve, vagus (X) nerve, and glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve. The facial nerve carries taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, the glossopharyngeal nerve from the posterior one-third, and the vagus nerve from the area around the epiglottis and lower pharynx.

Question 17

The vitreous body:
A) is produced by the ciliary processes.
B) undergoes constant replacement.
C) is the main contributor to intraocular pressure.
D) none of these choices.

Accepted Answer

The vitreous body is not produced by the ciliary processes (they produce aqueous humor), does not undergo constant replacement (it remains relatively stable throughout life), and is not the main contributor to intraocular pressure (the aqueous humor is).

Question 18

Obstruction or blockage of the nasolacrimal duct will prevent drainage of tears into the:
A) aqueous humor
B) vitreous humor
C) nasal cavity
D) ciliary body

Accepted Answer

The nasolacrimal duct drains tears from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity. Obstruction of this duct would prevent tear drainage into the nasal cavity, leading to symptoms such as watery eyes or epiphora.

Question 19

The facial (VII) nerve and vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve both travel through the facial canal of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. A tumor located in this canal will potentially interfere with the special sense(s) of:
A) taste
B) hearing
C) equilibrium
D) All of these choices

Accepted Answer

The facial nerve (VII) is responsible for taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, while the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) is involved in hearing and equilibrium. A tumor in the facial canal affecting both nerves could impair all these special senses.

Question 20

All of the following are accessory structures of the eye EXCEPT:
A) palpebrae
B) lacrimal apparatus
C) intrinsic muscles
D) eyelashes

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic muscles are not considered accessory structures of the eye; they are located within the eye itself and are responsible for controlling the eye's movements and the shape of the lens. Accessory structures, such as the palpebrae (eyelids), lacrimal apparatus (tear production and drainage system), and eyelashes, serve protective roles and support the function of the eye but are not involved in vision directly.

Quiz 21: Special Senses

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the external ear?

Mucus found on the surface of the olfactory epithelium:

Taste buds of a young adult are located on the:

Which of the following statements about the cornea is TRUE?

The vestibular apparatus is located in the:

Select the best description for the fungiform papillae:

Which of the following is primarily responsible for the sensation of hearing?

A layer of dense connective tissue that covers the entire eyeball except the cornea is called _____.

Which of the following types of cells is the first to receive a light ray as it travels through the retina?

In what order do the following structures vibrate as sound is transmitted? 1) stapes 2) tympanic membrane 3) oval window 4) incus 5) malleus

Place the following in the correct order for the transmission of olfactory information that results in odor perception. 1) olfactory bulbs 2) olfactory tract 3) temporal cortex 4) olfactory (I) nerves 5) frontal cortex

Select the best description for the vallate (circumvallate) papillae:

The olfactory epithelium occupies the superior part of the:

Select the best description for the filiform papillae:

Select the best description for the lacrimal glands:

The cranial nerves containing neurons of the gustatory pathway are: 1) facial (VII) nerve 2) vagus (X) nerve 3) glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve 4) trigeminal (V) nerve 5) abducens (VI) nerve

The vitreous body:

Obstruction or blockage of the nasolacrimal duct will prevent drainage of tears into the:

The facial (VII) nerve and vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve both travel through the facial canal of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. A tumor located in this canal will potentially interfere with the special sense(s) of:

All of the following are accessory structures of the eye EXCEPT: