Question 1

The for a point is the number of standard errors a point is away from the mean.
A) variance
B) coefficient of variation
C) standard deviation
D) z- value

Accepted Answer

The z-value, or z-score, represents the number of standard deviations a data point is from the mean.

Question 2

A _ is a summary description of a characteristic or measure of the sample. It is used as an estimate of the population parameter.
A) statistic
B) precision level
C) finite population correction
D) parameter

Accepted Answer

A statistic is a summary description of a characteristic or measure of the sample. It is used as an estimate of the population parameter.

Question 3

High response rates decrease the probability that nonresponse bias is substantial.

Accepted Answer

When a high percentage of people respond to a survey, the sample is more representative of the population, and the probability of nonresponse bias is lower. Therefore, a high response rate is generally desirable to reduce the risk of nonresponse bias.

Question 4

When using the confidence interval approach to sample size determination, in some cases, precision is specified in relative rather than absolute terms. In other words, it may be specified that the estimate be within plus or minus R percentage points of the mean.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. When precision is specified in relative terms, it is often referenced as the margin of error or confidence interval width, which is expressed as a percentage of the mean.

Question 5

is a method of adjusting for nonresponse in which the researcher tries to discern a trend between early and late respondents. This trend is projected to nonrespondents to estimate their characteristic of interest.
A) Subsampling of nonrespondents
B) Imputation
C) Subjective estimates
D) None of the above is correct.

Accepted Answer

The method described is known as "trend analysis" or "extrapolation," which is not listed among the given options.

Question 6

The mathematical symbols "a_X" and "S_X" represent a _ for the population and the sampling distribution respectively. A) proportion B) standard deviation C) variance D) standard error of the mean

Accepted Answer

"a_X" typically represents the standard deviation of the population, while "S_X" represents the standard deviation of the sampling distribution, which is often referred to as the standard error.

Question 7

Most refusals occur _ _.
A) when the potential respondent first opens the mail package
B) immediately after the interviewer's opening remarks
C) when the potential respondent is well into the interview
D) Both A and B are correct.

Accepted Answer

Most refusals occur either when the potential respondent first opens the mail package or immediately after the interviewer's opening remarks, as these are the initial points of contact where the respondent decides whether to participate.

Question 8

The z value for a point is the number of standard deviations a point is away from the mean.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The z value for a point is...

Question 9

A is a summary description of a fixed characteristic or measure of the target population. It denotes the true value that would be obtained if a census rather than a sample was undertaken.
A) statistic
B) precision level
C) finite population correction
D) parameter

Accepted Answer

A parameter is a fixed characteristic or measure of the target population, and denotes the true value that would be obtained if a census rather than a sample was undertaken. A statistic is a summary description or measure of a sample, and may differ from the parameter due to sampling error. Precision level and finite population correction are concepts related to the calculation and adjustment of sample statistics, but do not refer to the true value of the population parameter.

Question 10

The concept of a sampling distribution enables us to use probability theory to make inferences about the population values.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true because a sampling distribution is a theoretical distribution of a statistic (such as the mean) based on all possible samples of a fixed size from a population. By understanding the properties of the sampling distribution, we can make inferences about the population values with confidence intervals and hypothesis tests. Probability theory is used to determine the likelihood of obtaining certain sample statistics from the sampling distribution.

Question 11

Which method of improving response rate involves offering potential respondents monetary and non- monetary gifts?
A) motivating the respondents
B) follow- up
C) incentives
D) prior notification

Accepted Answer

The method of offering potential respondents monetary and non-monetary gifts is known as incentives. Providing incentives encourages respondents to take the survey and increases the chances of getting a higher response rate.

Question 12

When determining the sample size, if the population standard deviation, s, is unknown and an estimate is used, the standard deviation should be re- estimated once the sample has been drawn. Next a revised confidence interval should be calculated to determine the precision level actually obtained.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. If the population standard deviation is unknown, an estimate is used to calculate the sample size. Once the sample has been drawn, the standard deviation should be recalculated based on the sample data. This new estimate of the standard deviation should then be used to recalculate the confidence interval, in order to determine the precision level actually obtained.

Question 13

Which statement is not true about nonresponse issues in sampling?
A) Increasing the response rate may not reduce nonresponse bias.
B) Nonresponse error is one of the most significant problems in survey research.
C) Response rates themselves do not indicate whether the respondents are representative of the original sample.
D) For a given study, if the nonrespondents differ from the respondents on the characteristics of interests, the sample estimates will only be mildly biased.

Accepted Answer

If nonrespondents differ significantly from respondents on characteristics of interest, the sample estimates can be severely biased, not just mildly.

Question 14

The sampling distribution is the probability of the values of a sampling statistic computed for each possible sample that could be drawn from the target population under a specified sampling plan.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sampling distribution is the probability of...

Question 15

The percentage of qualified respondents who complete the interview is the .
A) incidence rate
B) initial sample size
C) completion rate
D) final sample size

Accepted Answer

The completion rate measures the percentage of qualified respondents who actually complete the interview, which is an important metric in survey research as it helps to determine the reliability and validity of the data collected. The incidence rate refers to the percentage of the target population that meets the eligibility criteria and is available to participate in the study, while the initial and final sample sizes refer to the number of participants at the beginning and end of the study, respectively.

Question 16

The door- in- the- face attempt at motivating potential respondents is more effective than foot- in- the- door.

Accepted Answer

The foot-in-the-door technique has been found to be more effective in motivating potential respondents. This approach involves first getting someone to agree to a small request, and then following up with a larger request. The door-in-the-face approach involves first making a large request that is likely to be refused, and then following up with a smaller request that is the actual goal. However, research has shown that the foot-in-the-door technique is more successful, perhaps because it establishes a sense of consistency and commitment in the participant.

Question 17

The confidence interval approach to sample size determination is based on the construction of confidence intervals around the means or proportions using the standardized variate formula.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The confidence interval approach to sample size...

Question 18

Which equation is the correct equation for determining the initial sample size? A) Final Sample Size × Completion Rate Incidence Rate _{B) Final Sample Size Incidence Rate × Completion Rate _C) Final Sample Size × Incidence Rate
Completion Rate
D)} Completion Rate Incidence Rate × Final Sample Size

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which equation is the correct equation for...

Question 19

is a statistical procedure that attempts to account for nonresponse by assigning differential weights to the data depending on the response rates.
A) Imputation
B) Subjective estimates
C) Weighting
D) Trend analysis

Accepted Answer

Weighting is a statistical procedure used to adjust for nonresponse by assigning different weights to data based on response rates, ensuring that the sample more accurately reflects the population.

Question 20

The number of interviews that must be completed is the .
A) incidence rate
B) initial sample size
C) completion rate
D) final sample size

Accepted Answer

The final sample size refers to the number of completed interviews. While the initial sample size (B) may give an idea of how large the sample should be, it does not indicate how many interviews need to be completed in order to obtain a representative sample. The incidence rate (A) refers to the proportion of the population that has a specific characteristic or disease, so it is not relevant to determining the number of interviews needed. The completion rate (C) is important for determining the quality of the data obtained, but it does not give an indication of how many interviews need to be completed beforehand.

Quiz 12: Sampling: Final and Initial

The for a point is the number of standard errors a point is away from the mean.

A _ is a summary description of a characteristic or measure of the sample. It is used as an estimate of the population parameter.

High response rates decrease the probability that nonresponse bias is substantial.

When using the confidence interval approach to sample size determination, in some cases, precision is specified in relative rather than absolute terms. In other words, it may be specified that the estimate be within plus or minus R percentage points of the mean.

is a method of adjusting for nonresponse in which the researcher tries to discern a trend between early and late respondents. This trend is projected to nonrespondents to estimate their characteristic of interest.

The mathematical symbols "aX" and "SX" represent a _ for the population and the sampling distribution respectively.

Most refusals occur _ _.

The z value for a point is the number of standard deviations a point is away from the mean.

A is a summary description of a fixed characteristic or measure of the target population. It denotes the true value that would be obtained if a census rather than a sample was undertaken.

The concept of a sampling distribution enables us to use probability theory to make inferences about the population values.

Which method of improving response rate involves offering potential respondents monetary and non- monetary gifts?

When determining the sample size, if the population standard deviation, s, is unknown and an estimate is used, the standard deviation should be re- estimated once the sample has been drawn. Next a revised confidence interval should be calculated to determine the precision level actually obtained.

Which statement is not true about nonresponse issues in sampling?

The sampling distribution is the probability of the values of a sampling statistic computed for each possible sample that could be drawn from the target population under a specified sampling plan.

The percentage of qualified respondents who complete the interview is the .

The door- in- the- face attempt at motivating potential respondents is more effective than foot- in- the- door.

The confidence interval approach to sample size determination is based on the construction of confidence intervals around the means or proportions using the standardized variate formula.

Which equation is the correct equation for determining the initial sample size?

is a statistical procedure that attempts to account for nonresponse by assigning differential weights to the data depending on the response rates.

The number of interviews that must be completed is the .

The mathematical symbols "a_X" and "S_X" represent a _ for the population and the sampling distribution respectively.