Question 1

Describe some of the important functions of the vertebrate endoskeleton.

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Question 2

Based on this figure, the____________ inserts into the patella. 
A) deltoid
B) quadriceps
C) gastrocnemius
D) coccyx
E) rectus abdominus

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Question 3

Weightlifters, bodybuilders, and other athletes who require rapid bursts of high -energy muscle output often spend a lot of money on dietary supplements. Some supplements, such as amino acids, are used as building blocks to make more high-protein muscle cells. Other supplements increase energy or provide more endurance during workouts. For example, supplements that contain creatine (often sold as creatine diphosphate) are reputed to provide more energy. Based on this information and your knowledge of muscle physiology, would you expect creatine supplements to provide extra energy? Why or why not?
A) No, because creatine is not used for energy production in the body.
B) Yes, because the creatine supplement can donate phosphate ions to regenerate ATP.
C) Yes, because creatine is used directly as a source of energy by muscle cells.
D) No, because the digestive system breaks creatine (a large protein macromolecule) down before it can be used by the body.

Accepted Answer

Creatine supplements can donate phosphate ions to regenerate ATP, which is the primary energy carrier in cells. This process is crucial during high-intensity, short-duration exercises like weightlifting, where rapid ATP regeneration is necessary for sustained muscle contraction.

Question 4

This figure illustrates what type of joint? 
A) Suture
B) Hinge
C) Ball-and-socket
D) Plane

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Question 5

Over time, what will happen to the structure of the bones of a left-handed professional baseball player?

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Question 6

List the steps in the process by which a bone heals.

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Question 7

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the major knee joint ligaments in humans, and damage to this ligament is fairly common in athletes. An ACL tear is most often a sports-related injury but can also result from accidents, falls, and work-related injuries. Most sports-related ACL tears occur when a person pivots or lands from a jump. Based on this information as well as your knowledge of ligaments, which of the following occurs in an athlete who has a torn ACL?
A) Inability to relax the quadriceps
B) Instability or weakness of the knee joint
C) Inability to contract the quadriceps
D) Rapid firing of all the neurons involved in the affected motor unit

Accepted Answer

A torn ACL leads to instability or weakness of the knee joint because the ACL is crucial for stabilizing the knee during movements.

Question 8

Many people hope that they will one day be able to travel into space for extended periods of time. What are the health risks to the bones and muscles of those people interested in such ʺspace vacationsʺ?

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Question 9

Describe the functions of the three types of bone cells.

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Question 10

What two types of contractions do smooth muscles perform?

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Quiz 41: Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton